Power line Communication is the technology that enables the transmission of data over power line that carries and supplies electric power.

PLC is a kind of communication technology, which uses Medium Voltage(MV) & Low Voltage(LV) distribution network as the communication media to implement transmission of data, voice and real time image

Through the use of simple adapters, powerline communications is easy to set up, and even easier to use. The technology uses the electrical wiring already in your home

Plc modem

Modulation and coupling In OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing), information is modulated on to multiple carriers

each carrier occupies its own frequency in the range of 4.3 to 20.9 MHz.

By using multiple carriers at a time, the modulation technique uses the available spectrum most efficiently. During the transmission, each frequency is monitored and if any interference, noise or data loss occurs, the responsible frequency is removed.

Signals are superimposed on power lines by capacitive coupling and inductive coupling.

Wireless Is Excellent for Laptops and Mobile Applications, but Why Choose powerline Communications Over Wireless Technologies?

More reliable for streaming media

Faster speeds with fewer dropouts

Whole-home coverage

Greater security

Setup takes just a few minutes - just plug in

High-speed digital InternetFast and secure whole-house connectivity to the Internet for surfing, email, gaming, internet television, connecting your TiVo, etc.

Whole-house AudioNew and elegantly designed whole-house audio systems can provide music in every room in an existing house. These systems can also connect to your favorite Internet radio stations and music services - forever changing how you listen to music.

AMR(AUTOMATED METER READING) AMR is a system used for remote reading of electric consumer meters Visual inspection of meters is time consuming and labor-intensive

Security & MonitoringSurveillance systems with both visual and motion detectors that can be monitored by you and a security service - with no new wiring. From any power outlet, you can monitor your children and the people you love who may need regular help.

Smart HomesRemote maintenance and in-house control of internet-enabled household appliances like refrigerators, heating systems, smoke and fire alarm systems.

Smart Grid is another concept that utilizes powerline communications digital signals to help make the most efficient use of our electricity resources and keep the world a greener place.

Electro-com has deployed widely BPL/PLC technology and offers internet access service in Moscow,

Methods of Theft Direct hook up from the overhead transmission line Using the mechanical objects Using a fixed magnet Using the external phase before meter terminals Switching the energy cables at the meter connector

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SOLUTION

Broadband over power lines With broadband over power lines, or BPL, you can plug

your computer into any electrical outlet in your home and instantly have access to high-speed Internet at speeds between 500 kilobits and 3 megabits per second (equivalent to DSL and cable).

By slightly modifying the current power grids with specialized equipment,

Access BPL will carry broadband Internet using power lines and allow power companies to electronically monitor power systems.

By bundling radio-frequency (RF) energy on the same line with an electric current, data can be transmitted without the need for a separate data line.

Because the electric current and RF vibrate at different frequencies, the two don't interfere with each other

When power leaves the power plant, it hits a transmission substation and is then distributed to high-voltage transmission lines. When transmitting broadband, these high-voltage lines are the first obstacle.

The power flowing down high-voltage lines is between 155,000 to 765,000 volts. That amount of power is unsuitable for data transmission. It's too "noisy."

Hundreds of thousands of volts of electricity don't vibrate at a consistent frequency.

That amount of power jumps all over the spectrum. As it spikes and hums along, it creates all kinds of interference.

If it spikes at a frequency that is the same as the RF used to transmit data, then it will cancel out that signal and the data transmission will be dropped or damaged en route.

BPL bypasses this problem by avoiding high-voltage power lines all together Requires repeaters as signal degrades

The transformer's job is to reduce the 7,200 volts down to the 240-volt standard that makes up normal household electrical service.

There is no way for low-power data signals to pass through a transformer, so you need a coupler to provide a data path around the transformer.

With the coupler, data can move easily from the 7,200-volt line to the 240-volt line and into the house without any degradation.

The last mile is the final step that carries Internet into the subscriber's home or office.

some companies carry the signal in with the electricity on the power line, while others put wireless links on the poles and send the data wirelessly into homes.

bridge Manage symmetric data transmission to all the electrical outlets in the

customer's home or office ("Symmetric" means that uploads and downloads are transmitted at the same speed.)

Support WiFi hot spots Handle data routing Manage subscriber information Employ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol  Support security encryption of all transmissions

The signal is received by a powerline modem that plugs into the wall. The modem sends the signal to your computer.

BPL Modems BPL modems are capable of handling powerline noise on a wide spectrum. A BPL modem is plug and play and is roughly the size of a common power

adapter. It plugs into a common wall socket, and an Ethernet cable running to your computer finishes the connection. Wireless versions are also available.

How PLCC technology is used in meter reading? Multifunction Node (MFN), Concentrator & Communication Node

(CCN) and Operation & Management System (OMS)

MFN is a unit installed in household meters, either incorporated in the meter itself or externally connected to it. Its function is to take reading of the meter on an hourly basis and store it in a memory chip. CNN is another part which manages all MFNs within a particular area and collects meter readings from all MFNs. It is generally installed on substations and needs a computer.

The computer is installed with Operation and Management System (OMS) which further manages all the data and meter readings from CNNs.

limitations Prone to noise Continuous plugging and unplugging of

electronic devices makes power line characteristics vary constantly.

Signal attenuation