PLC-final.ppt
Transcript of PLC-final.ppt
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B i PLC
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MICROCO
NTRO
LLER
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What are Inputs?
Switches and Pushbuttons
Sensing Devices
Liit Switches
Photoe!ect"ic Senso"s
P"o#iit$ Senso"s
%ondition Senso"s
P"essu"e Switches
Leve! Switches
&e'e"atu"e Switches
(acuu Switches
)!oat Switches
*ncode"s
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What are Outputs?
(a!ves
+oto" Sta"te"s
So!enoids
,ctuato"s
%ont"o! -e!a$s
.o"ns / ,!a"s
Stac Lights
)ans
%ounte"&ota!ie"
Pu's
P"inte"s
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PLC
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
MOTOR
LAMP
CONTACTOR
PUSHBUTTONS
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&SPLC SYSTEM
P+PS PL% SS&*+
),S PL% SS&*+
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GENIOUS PROTOCOL
10/100 MB ETHERNET
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I/O Module
The I/O interface section of a PLC connects it to
external field deices!
The "ain #$r#ose of the I/O interface is to condition the
ario$s si%nals receied fro" or sent to the external in#$t
and o$t#$t deices!
In#$t "od$les conerts si%nals fro" discrete or analo%
in#$t deices to lo%ic leels acce#ta&le to PLC's #rocessor!
O$t#$t "od$les conerts si%nal fro" the #rocessor to
leels ca#a&le of driin% the connected discrete or analo%o$t#$t deices!
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I/O Module
DC INPUT MODULE
OPTO-ISOLATOR
C$rrent
Li"itin%
Resistor
ROM
INPUT
DE!ICE
US( TO
)ROP TH(
*OLTA+( TO
LO+IC L(*(L
B$ffer,
-ilter,
h.steresis
Circ$its
TO
PROCESSOR
IS N(()() TOPreent olta%e
transients fro" da"a%in%
the #rocessor!Hel#s red$ce the effects
of electrical noise
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3"
I/O Module
DC / AC OUTPUT MODULE
OPTO-ISOLATOR
IS N(()() TOPreent olta%e
transients fro"
da"a%in% the
#rocessor!
Hel#s red$ce the
effects of electrical
noise
ROM
PROCESSORTTL
Circ$its
A"#lifier
R(LA0
TRIAC
1'SISTOR
TO
OUTPUT
DE!ICE
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I/O Ci#cui$s
DIERENT T%PES O I/O CIRCUITS
2! Pilot )$t. O$t#$ts
O$t#$ts of this t.#e t.#icall. are $sed to drie hi%h3c$rrent
electro"a%netic loads s$ch as solenoids, rela.s, ales, and
"otor starters!
These loads are hi%hl. ind$ctie and exhi&it a lar%e inr$sh
c$rrent!
Pilot d$t. o$t#$ts sho$ld &e ca#a&le of 4ithstandin% an
inr$sh c$rrent of 25 ti"es the rated load for a short #eriod ofti"e 4itho$t fail$re!
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I/O Ci#cui$s
6! +eneral 3 P$r#ose O$t#$ts
These are $s$all. lo43 olta%e and lo43c$rrent and are $sedto drie indicatin% li%hts and other non3ind$ctie loads! Noise
s$##ression "a. or "a. not &e incl$ded on this t.#es of
"od$les!
7! )iscrete In#$tsCirc$its of this t.#e are $sed to sense the stat$s of li"it
s4itches, #$sh &$ttons, and other discrete sensors! Noise
s$##ression is of %reat i"#ortance in #reentin% false
indication of in#$ts t$rnin% on or off &eca$se of noise!
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)iscrete In#$t
A discrete in#$t also referred as di%ital in#$t is an in#$t that is
either ON or O-- are connected to the PLC di%ital in#$t! In the
ON condition it is referred to as lo%ic 2 or a lo%ic hi%h and in theO-- condition "a.&e referred to as lo%ic o or lo%ic lo4!
o"a!!$ 'en Pushbutton
o"a!!$ %!osed Pushbutton
o"a!!$ 'en switch
o"a!!$ %!osed switch
o"a!!$ 'en contact
o"a!!$ c!osed contact
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3&
I/O Ci#cui$s
8! Analo% I/O
Circ$its of this t.#e sense or drie analo% si%nals!
Analo% in#$ts co"e fro" deices, s$ch as ther"oco$#les,
strain %a%es, or #ress$re sensors, that #roide a si%nal
olta%e or c$rrent that is deried fro" the #rocess aria&le!
Standard Analo% In#$t si%nals 8365"A9 5325*
Analo% o$t#$ts can &e $sed to drie deices s$ch as
olt"eters, 130 recorders, sero"otor dries, and ales
thro$%h the $se of transd$cers!
Standard Analo% O$t#$t si%nals 8365"A9 53:*9 5325*
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3'
I/O Ci#cui$s
:! S#ecial 3 P$r#ose I/O
Circ$its of this t.#e are $sed to interface PLCs to er. s#ecific
t.#es of circ$its s$ch as sero"otors, ste##in% "otors PI)
;#ro#ortional #l$s inte%ral #l$s deriatie< loo#s, hi%h3s#eed
#$lse co$ntin%, resoler and decoder in#$ts, "$lti#lexed
dis#la.s, and =e.&oards!
This "od$le allo4s for li"ited access to ti"er and co$nter
#resets and other PLC aria&les 4itho$t re>$irin% a #ro%ra"
loader!
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IN
PLC
A(alo)
I(*u$
ModuleTan=
Leel Trans"itter
An analo% in#$t is an in#$t si%nal that has a contin$o$s
si%nal! T.#ical in#$ts "a. ar. fro" 5 to 65"A, 8 to 65"Aor 5 to25*! Belo4, a leel trans"itter "onitors the leel of
li>$id in the tan=! )e#endin% on the leel Tx, the si%nal to the
PLC can either increase or decrease as the leel increases
or decreases!
A(alo) I(*u$
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OUT
PLC
A(alo)
Ou$*u$
Module
An analo% o$t#$t is an o$t#$t si%nal that has a contin$o$s
si%nal! T.#ical o$t#$ts "a. ar. fro" 5 to 65"A, 8 to 65"A
or 5 to25*!
Analo% O$t#$t
E P
P(eu+a$ic co($#ol ,al,e
Su**l- ai#
Elec$#ic $o *(eu+a$ic $#a(sduce#
" $o 1"!
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&"
PLC O*e#a$io(
Basic -$nction of a T.#ical PLC
Read all field in#$t deices ia the in#$t interfaces, exec$te
the $ser #ro%ra" stored in a##lication "e"or., then, &ased
on 4hateer control sche"e has &een #ro%ra""ed &. the
$ser, t$rn the field o$t#$t deices on or off, or #erfor"
4hateer control is necessar. for the #rocess a##lication!
This #rocess of se>$entiall. readin% the in#$ts, exec$tin%
the #ro%ra" in "e"or., and $#datin% the o$t#$ts is =no4n
as scannin%!
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Me+o#- Ma* O#)a(i.a$io(
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Me+o#- Ma* O#)a(i.a$io(
S%STEM
S.ste" "e"or. incl$des an area called the (1(CUTI*(,
co"#osed of #er"anentl.3stored #ro%ra"s that direct all s.ste"
actiities, s$ch as exec$tion of the $sers control #ro%ra",
co""$nication 4ith #eri#heral deices, and other s.ste"
actiities!The s.ste" "e"or. also contains the ro$tines that i"#le"ent
the PLC's instr$ction set, 4hich is co"#osed of s#ecific control
f$nctions s$ch as lo%ic, se>$encin%, ti"in%, co$ntin%, and
arith"etic!S.ste" "e"or. is %enerall. &$ilt fro" read3onl. "e"or.
deices!
APPLICATIONThe a##lication "e"or. is diided into the data ta&le area and
$ser #ro%ra" area!The data ta&le stores an. data associated 4ith the $ser's control
#ro%ra", s$ch as s.ste" in#$t and o$t#$t stat$s data, and an.
stored constants, aria&les, or #reset al$es! The data ta&le is4here data is "onitored, "ani#$lated, and chan%ed for control
#$r#oses!The $ser #ro%ra" area is 4here the #ro%ra""ed instr$ctions
entered &. the $ser are stored as an a##lication control #ro%ra"!
)ata Ta&leUser Pro%ra"
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PLC Operating Cycle
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PLC Operating Cycle
)ou" Ste's in the PL% 'e"ations
n'ut Scan
Scan the state o the n'uts
P"og"a Scan
P"ocesses the '"og"a !ogic
ut'ut Scan
*ne"giede:ene"gie the out'uts
.ouseee'ing
&his ste' inc!udes counications; nte"na! Diagnostics; etc$ired for solin% the control #ro%ra", and
the I/O $#date ti"e, or ti"e re>$ired to read in#$ts and
$#date o$t#$ts! The #ro%ra" scan ti"e %enerall. de#ends on
the a"o$nt of "e"or. ta=en &. the control #ro%ra" and t.#e
of instr$ctions $sed in the #ro%ra"! The ti"e to "a=e a sin%le
scan can ar. fro" 2 "s to 255 "s!
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&
PLC Co++u(ica$io(s
Co++o( Uses o4 PLC Co++u(ica$io(s Po#$s
Chan%in% resident PLC #ro%ra"s 3 $#loadin%/do4nloadin%
fro" a s$#erisor. controller ;La#to# or des=to# co"#$ter
-orcin% I/O #oints and "e"or. ele"ents fro" a re"ote
ter"inal!Lin=in% a PLC into a control hierarch. containin% seeral
si@es of PLC and co"#$ter!
Monitorin% data and alar"s, etc! ia #rinters or O#erator
Interface Units ;OIUs
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PLC C i $i
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PLC Co++u(ica$io(s
Se#ial Co++u(ica$io(s
PLC co""$nications facilities nor"all. #roides serial
trans"ission of infor"ation!
Co""on Standards
RS 232
Used in short3distance co"#$ter co""$nications, 4ith the
"aorit. of co"#$ter hard4are and #eri#herals!Has a "axi"$" effectie distance of a##rox! 75 " at 55
&a$d!
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PLC Co++u(ica$io(s
Local A#ea Ne$6o#7 LAN
Local Area Net4or= #roides a #h.sical lin= &et4een all
deices #l$s #roidin% oerall data exchan%e "ana%e"ent or
#rotocol, ens$rin% that each deice can Dtal=E to other
"achines and $nderstand data receied fro" the"!
LANs #roide the co""on, hi%h3s#eed data co""$nications
&$s 4hich interconnects an. or all deices 4ithin the local
area!
LANs are co""onl. $sed in &$siness a##lications to allo4seeral $sers to share costl. soft4are #ac=a%es and
#eri#heral e>$i#"ent s$ch as #rinters and hard dis= stora%e!
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PLC C i $i
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PLC Co++u(ica$io(s
RS &22 / RS &8'
Used for lon%er3distance lin=s, often &et4een seeral PCs
in a distri&$ted s.ste"! RS 8F: can hae a "axi"$"
distance of a&o$t 2555 "eters!
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E0a+*les o4 PLC P#o)#a++i() So4$6a#e:
1! Allen3Bradle. G Roc=4ell Soft4are RSLo%ix:55
6! Modicon 3 Modsoft
7! O"ron 3 S.s4in
8! +(3-an$c Series G Lo%icMaster
:! S>$are )3 Po4erLo%ic
! Texas Instr$"ents G Si"atic! Tele"ecani>$e G Modicon TS1 Micro
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Leadi() B#a(ds O4 PLC
AM(RICAN 2! Allen Bradle.
6! +o$ld Modicon
7! Texas Instr$"ents
8! +eneral (lectric
:! ?estin%ho$se
! C$tter Ha""er! S>$are )
(UROP(AN 2! Sie"ens
6! loc=ner J Mo$ller
7! -esto8! Tele"echani>$e
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Leadi() B#a(ds O4 PLC
KAPAN(S( 2! Toshi&a6! O"ron
7! -an$c
8! Mits$&ishi
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PLC Si.e
2! SMALL 3 it coers $nits 4ith $# to 26F I/O's and
"e"ories $# to 6 &.tes! 3 these PLC's are ca#a&le of #roidin%
si"#le to adance leels or "achine
controls!
6! M()IUM 3 hae $# to 658F I/O's and "e"ories $#
to 76 &.tes!7! LAR+( 3 the "ost so#histicated $nits of the PLC
fa"il.! The. hae $# to F26 I/O's and
"e"ories $# to :5 &.tes!
3 can control indiid$al #rod$ction#rocesses or entire #lant!
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Ma;o# Co+*o(e($s o4 a Co++o( PLC
PROCESSOR
Proides intelli%ence to co""and and %oern the actiities
of the entire PLC s.ste"s!
PRO$ence of o#eration and control of #rocess e>$i#"ent or
drien "achine!
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Programming the PLC
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&$'es o P"og"aing Sotwa"e Languages Ladde" Logic =LL>
*% )o"at
? )unction @!oc Diag"a =)@D>
?St"uctu"ed &e#t =S&>?nst"uction List =L>
?Ladde" Diag"a =LD>
?SeAuentia! )unction %ha"t =S)%> : a!so nown as
BC"acet
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Ladder Logic
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R"a% / Con%$t$ona&
In!truct$on!
'r$t" / Contro&
In!truct$on!
E E EE
E E EE
E E
E E EE = >
E E
E E
Start (Rung )1*
En% (Rung )+*
= >
= >
= >
n'uts ut'uts
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IEC - Function Block Diagram FBD!
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IEC - "tructured #e$t "#!
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IEC - Instruction List IL!
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IEC - Ladder Diagram LD!
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IEC - "e%uential Function Chart "FC!
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PL%
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P#o)#a++i() De,ice
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5
) )
Also =no4n as
Ind$strial Ter"inal ; Allen Bradle.