Plato's Law of Slavery in Its Relation to Greek Law by Glenn R. MorrowReview by: D. T.The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 62 (1942), pp. 94-95Published by: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic StudiesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/626735 .Accessed: 06/08/2014 16:02

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94 NOTICES OF BOOKS Asklepiades of Samos by William and Mary Wallace con-

tains the text of the poems of this author, who was probably an earlier contemporary of Theocritus, extracted from the Anthology, with versions by the editors and selected renderings by other translators. It is remarkable how many British scholars and literary men have tried their hand at translating the Anthology; they include A. C. Benson, Lord Cromer, Richard Garnett, G. B. Grundy, Andrew Lang, Walter Leaf, J. H. Merivale, J. S. Phillimore, J. A. Symonds and Humbert Wolfe. The general impres- sion which these versions give is that it is extraordinarily difficult to render a Greek epigram into English which contains all the ideas of the original without becoming too lengthy and avoids all' padding.' Not a few of the versions given here are highly successful; for example, Walter Leaf's version of VII, 284 and the editor's version of V. 150. This little book is admirably printed and produced.

The Bud6 volume is the fourth volume to appear of the Greek Anthology and contains the first half of Book VII (the Sepulchral Epigrams). It consists of an Introduction, text with full apparatus criticus, translation and notes. The Introduction discusses the manuscript tradition, the com- position of the book, the literary form of the Sepulchral Epigram and the conditions of its composition. The apparatus criticus is admirably clear and contains a number of new emendations, many of them due to M. Desrousseaux, who acted as supervisor of the edition. The notes give just the sort of information which is required for the explanation of the epigrams. The Bud6 Greek Anthology is a valuable work of serious scholarship, and it is much to be hoped that it will be completed in due course, and will not remain unfinished like Stadtmiiller's edition, which ended in the middle of Book IX in 1906.

The translations of the Prometheus and Medea by R. C. Trevelyan and that of the Antigone by D. Fitts and R. Fitzgerald offer an interesting contrast. Mr. Trevelyan states that his object is ' to reproduce as faithfully as possible for those who cannot read Greek, not only the meaning, but the form, phrasing and movement of the original.' He considers, no doubt rightly, that English blank verse is similar in movement and general effect to the Greek iambic line; in the lyrical and anapaestic passages he has tried to imitate as closely as possible the metrical pattern and phrasing, in such a way that one musical setting would fit both the Greek and the English words. The version is remarkedly faithful, and one seldom feels that one is reading a translation. The rendering of the lyrics is an interesting and, on the whole, a successful experiment, although, since Greek poetry depends on quantity and English verse on stress, it has been necessary to substitute the latter for the former. In the famous ode, however, written in praise of Athens (Medea, 826 ff.), the translator does not attempt to reproduce the Greek rhythms and uses freer verse forms. There is no doubt that any Greekless reader would derive a good idea from these two versions of what a Greek play is like.

Messrs. Fitts and Fitzgerald have set before themselves quite a different ideal. As they justly remark, they have not made a translation of the Antigone 'in the class-room sense of the word.' Passages are omitted, expanded and altered. Their version is printed partly as verse and partly as prose, and some lines can certainly be scanned as blank verse. The general effect is to bring the play down to the level of everyday life; Antigone and Ismene talk like two modern young women, and Creon is a claptrap orator. The play as thus transformed may well be effective when put upon the stage, but to the ordinary reader it would give a very false idea of Sophoclean tragedy.

EDWARD S. FORSTER

A Greek-English Lexicon, compiled by H. G. LIDDELL and ROBERT SCOTT. New edition, revised and aug- mented by HENRY STUART JONES with the assistance of RODERICK M'KENZIE and with the co-operation of many scholars. Part X. Tpayeiv-4?c8rls, and Addenda et Corrigenda. Pp. 302. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940. Ios. 6d. This journal, which welcomed the first part of the new Liddell and Scott, should not let its last part pass unnoticed,

and since the editor invites me to raise this much-belated

cheer, I gladly do so, for I have been using the completed book for some three years, know it to be a great improve- ment on its predecessor, and can offer its editors, printers, and publishers hearty thanks and congratulations. It is not in order to find fault with them, but to aid their suc- cessors, that I offer the following criticisms; for no dic- tionary is ever perfect, and the completion of one revision is an invitation to look forward to the next.

Since a scholar must chiefly notice the obstacles over which his own hobby-horse has stumbled, I had better say that I have been using the book mainly on Theocritus, and, viewing it from that angle, I have two general com- plaints to make. The first is that the representation of later epic vocabulary is desultory and misleading. One cannot infer from silence that a Homeric word is not used by the Alexandrians or by Quintus, Oppian, and suchlike; nor, where post-Homeric citations are given, that they present a true picture. For instance, the author of Theocr. Id. xxv uses the forms 600IIVEKEV and r.poq)p'oEov, and the first occurs also in Apollonius. 'Oeo0oEKEv is cited only from Timo, Wpo1PpEPaKov only from Quintus and an inscrip- tion of Roman date. A lexicon has many uses, but one of them is to enable an inquirer to trace the history of a word through the extant literature; and here this lexicon is defective.

My second complaint is that too many mistakes of earlier editions have been perpetuated, and in Theocritus at any rate some of them are gross indeed-see, for instance, s.vv. 6rIlK6s, TrpoaXEET!V. I am sorry to add that this edition has gone from bad to worse over &O-rTIK6 and has introduced some original blunders elsewhere (e.g., s.vv. EpvoS, iepmntOco). It is much easier to get blunders into a lexicon than to get them out again; therefore I hope that all who notice such things will communicate them to Dr. P. Maas, who sits at the Clarendon Press to receive them-indeed, I think it their bounden duty to do so, for the more cooks who lend a hand in skimming this broth the better it will be.

The new edition contains vastly more than its prede- cessor, largely owing to the accretion of new words from papyri, and in spite of rigorous compression (which occas- ionally delays one in finding the required entry) is nearly three hundred pages longer. Those of us who must have it constantly at hand heard with dismay that it was to be in two volumes. For the benefit of others I record that I have bound the Addenda in one slim, and the rest in one stout, volume, and have found the latter not appreciably more cumbersome than ed. 8. A. S. F. G.

Scholia Platonica contulerunt atque investigave- runt F. D. Allen, J. Burnet, C. P. Parker ; omnia recognita praefatione indicibusque in- structa edidit. By G. C. GREENE. Pp. xlii + 569. Haverford, Penn.: American Philological Association, 1938. $4.00.

In his preface the editor sets out fully the various sources of the scholia on Plato and the story of their collection, leading up to those most recent labours of F. D. Allen, J. Burnet and C. P. Parker upon which the present pub- lication is based. He treats in detail the work and collec- tion of Arethas, and discusses later contributions to the corpus and the bearing of variants in the scholia upon the relations between manuscripts. In the text, the scholia vetera are followed by those of Arethas set out in a separate section. The footnotes give not only variant readings but copious parallels and illustrative matter from the lexica and other sources. There are full indexes of proper names and of words. This bare inventory of contents is the best indication that can be given of the importance and value of this monumental volume, which will be indispensable to students of Plato. It may be added that the printing and arrangement are clear and spacious, making the book in this respect a model for works of reference. Dr. Greene has made an outstanding contribution to Hellenic studies.

D. T.

Plato's Law of Slavery in its Relation to Greek Law. By GLENN R. MORROW. Pp. 140. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1939- $1.50. This is an interesting treatise, embodying full research in

a field hitherto unexplored. Plato's treatment of slavery

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NOTICES OF BOOKS 95 in the Laws is analysed under various heads, and at every point all possible comparison is made with known Greek law, or, in the frequent lack of such knowledge, with Greek practice as it may be inferred from literature. The dual aspect of the slave in Plato's treatment (' both a possession and a rudimentary legal person') is clearly brought out; so is the inescapable fact that Plato (in the Laws explicitly and constantly, in the Republic also by implication) not only accepts but approves slavery as an institution corre- sponding to a natural grading in human capacity and worth. His law of slavery is found to be 'an adaptation of positive Greek law,' showing certain innovations, some of which may (it is suggested) be traced to his desire to revive the 7rdTrpoI v6pot of an earlier Athens. The author's judicious use of evidence, and his objective attitude through- out, contribute to make the book a valuable enrichment of Greek studies. D. T.

The Theory of Motion in Plato's Later Dialogues. ByJ. B. SKEMP. Pp. xv + 123. Cambridge: Univer- sity Press, 1942. 8s. 6d.

This treatise, the latest volume in ' Cambridge Classical Studies,' examines the pre-Socratic origins, and the emerg- ence in the later dialogues, of Plato's theory of a Moving Cause. The study culminates of course in the Timaeus, and Mr. Skemp has thrown valuable light both on the physical implications of that dialogue and on its meta- physical meaning. In the latter connexion, he postulates as Plato's

0vro 6ivra the Forms and the Arlptoupy6s, who

creates the world-soul and the OwroSoX1, and thus sets the cosmic process in motion. Aristotle's statement that Plato neglected the airi'a K1Vi1 coS is partly explained, he thinks, by the 'gap' which remains at the point of the causation of particular yvE'MS. The least satisfying part of Mr. Skemp's exposition is his treatment of adva'yKi1, which he says in his introduction (p. xii) 'we shall find is a power of the psychic order.' In Chapter VI its function in physical motion is thoroughly examined, but its meta- physical status remains obscure, though we are told on p. III that 'the pre-cosmic wThavcovjvri aTria and the iXvrj of the four bodies are as ultimate as the Arlptovpy6s.' The book has a short bibliography and an index of passages cited; a general index would have increased its usefulness for reference. D. T.

Plato's Method of Dialectic. By JULIUS STENZEL. Trans. and Ed. D.J. ALLAN. Pp. xliii + 170o. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940. Ios. 6d. This volume presents, in a most readable version and

with a helpful introduction, a collection of Stenzel's papers on Platonic problems; the chief of these is an essay entitled 'The Literary Form and Philosophic Content of the Platonic Dialogue.' Some of the shorter papers are of considerable interest, particularly a note on Plato's relation to Democritus. Even with such assistance from the trans- lator and editor, the English reader will probably find Stenzel's argument at many points obscure; but his work is full of suggestive points. He holds to the view of an earlier (Socratic) and a later (revised) theory, and insists on the substantial being of the Ideas; he finds the method of 8taipEaI5 all-important in the development of Plato's theory of knowledge. The book is one for students of Plato to possess and ponder. D. T.

Plato's Earlier Dialectic. By RICHARD ROBINSON. Pp. viii + 239. New York: Cornell University Press. London: Humphrey Milford, 1941i. i8s. 6d. In this study of the logical basis of Plato's earlier thought,

the author insists on the historical and evolutionary ap- proach, and makes a close examination of the actual language of the dialogues and its precise implications. After chapters on EeyXo, TrCayC)yi and the Socratic defini- tion we pass to a particularly useful treatment of the method of hypothesis, with special reference to the Meno, Phaedo and Republic. In a long discussion of the 'upward path' in Republic VI and VII, the process is explained as 'a thoroughgoing elenchus ' which 'culminates in intui- tion.' The distinction between the similes of the Sun, the Line and the Cave is usefully worked out, and the Line is examined in detail with special reference to the mathe-

matical method. In a final chapter on Plato's theory and practice of analogy and imagery, his inconsistencies and his flights of fancy are given due weight as producing certain 'incoherences' in the work of the middle period. This is a valuable book, especially perhaps in its bearing on the study of Republic VI and VII.

D. T.

Philodemus: on Methods of Inference. Edited, with translation and commentary, by PHILIP HOWARD DE LACY and ESTELLE ALLEN DE LACY. Pp. 220; pl. I. Philadelphia: American Philological Association, 1941- $2.50.

The Herculanean papyrus containing Philodemus' treat- ise known as ITEpi ri2TEICWECov has been edited on the basis of photostats of the Oxford copy, and is here furnished with a parallel translation of all but the most fragmentary passages. Introductory chapters deal with the life and work of Philodemus and with the contents and criticism of this particular work. In further sections the Epicurean empiricism is studied-its sources, its development and its exercise in controversy with Stoics and Sceptics. A biblio- graphy of the Herculanean papyri is appended. The editors have built well upon the foundations laid by Gomperz and Philippson; the translation is faithful and readable, and both the explanatory notes and the supple- mentary chapters contain much that is valuable for the study of Epicureanism in the Roman period.

D. T.

Philo and the Oral Law: the Philonic Interpreta- tion of Biblical Law in Relation to the Pales- tinian Halakah. By SAMUEL BELKIN. Pp. xiv + 292 Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Lon- don: Humphrey Milford, 1942. 20S.

This book may be described as an attempt to assess part of the Jewish element in Philo as distinct from his debt to Hellenism. Three sources have been suggested for much of the legal tradition in his works, namely, Greek and Roman jurisprudence, Palestinian Halakah and the decisions of Jewish courts in Egypt. While Professor Belkin is far from denying any contribution from the other two sources, he argues that in the main Philo's legal statements are based on the Palestinian Halakah. Chapter I states the problem, Chapter II investigates the terminology of the Oral Law in Philo and his knowledge of Hebrew, and Chapters III-X examine the legal evidence in detail. Apart from its virtues of clarity and arrangement, the study is particularly valuable as being made from a careful knowledge of the Palestinian evidence, a knowledge fre- quently lacking in expositions of Philo. In one point Professor Belkin's arguments might be questioned. He maintains that, beside using the LXX, Philo shows a know- ledge of the Hebrew original of the Law. But this apparent knowledge of the Hebrew may be explained otherwise. It is probable that on occasion the text of Philo's quotations from the Law in Cohn and Wendland represent a corrected text, and the text that Philo quoted is to be found in the readings of the apparatus criticus which diverge from later LXX standards. It may be that the real text of these passages sometimes accounts for Philo's agreement in his exposition with the Hebrew. Further, though as early as the Greek version of the Pentateuch there was a traditional exegesis of the Law, Professor Belkin does not allow for the existence of this exegesis in Philo's time and for its influence on his explanations, even when they are contrary to his text of the Law. It might be wished that in this connexion Professor Belkin had given more weight to Dr. Goodenough's words quoted in a note on pp. 35-36. How- ever, this does not detract from the general value of the book, which can be highly commended for its treatment of its theme.

G. D. KILPATRICK

Aeschylus in his Style : a Study in Language and Personality. By W. B. STANFORD. Pp. 147. Dub- lin : University Press. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell, 1942. Ios. 6d.

Professor Stanford has followed his earlier books on Metaphor and Ambiguity with this admirable little book,

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Article Contentsp. 94p. 95

Issue Table of ContentsThe Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 62 (1942), pp. i-xii+1-117Front Matter [pp. i-117][Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies] Meetings of the Session 1941-1942 [pp. viii-xii]Was the Ionian Philosophy Scientific? [pp. 1-7]Olympichus of Alinda and the Carian Expedition of Antigonus Doson [pp. 8-13]The Greek Inscriptions in the Fitzwilliam Museum [pp. 14-20]The Ionian Agora [pp. 21-32]The Philinna Papyrus [pp. 33-38]The Harpy Tomb at Xanthus [pp. 39-50]The Progress of Greek Epigraphy, 1939-1940 [pp. 51-83]NotesThe Alleged Fortifications of Cnossus [pp. 84-85]

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Back Matter