Platelets & Platelets Disorders.pptx

8/18/2019 Platelets & Platelets Disorders.pptx

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ALEXANDERIA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF MEDICINEHEMATOLOGY DEP.

PRESENTATION:PLATELETS & PLATELETS

DISORDERS

AYMEN OMER


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PROTIENS

SIZE

OVERVIEW

HORMONES

ENZYMES

RECEPTORS

MEMBRANE

STRUCTURE

SHAPE

NO

P L A T E L E

T S


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PlateletS!all

"#a$%late

N'$($%)leate

#'%$ '# '*al

+ , - /$ /a!ete#

012222 , -122223!!4

l/5e 6a$ a*e#a"e 7(00 a8

Mea$ 6latelet *'l%!e '5 7 t'

9 .


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#'! '6' e $=THPO>Me"a6'/et/$MGDF

MPl l/"a$

?


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MG , 6'l86l'/ )ell 2(12 !/a!ete# Re6eate #'%$ '5

endomitosis —increasing rounds DNAdivision without cellular proliferation

La#"et )ell /$ t;e BM A


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#%)t%#e '5 6latelet

Granules

Golgi zone

Glycogen

Membrane

Open canalicular

system

Dense body in

granule

Densebody

Dense

tubular

System

Mitochondria

Microtubules

Microfilament


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St#%)t%#e '5 6latelet

Pla!a !e!


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T;e 6la!a !e!


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It / @ $! t;/) a$ )'$ta/$ l/6/

=6;'6;'l/6/ );'lete#'l a$

"l8)'l/6/>Ca#

P#'te/$ a$ "l8)'6#'te/$ .

O%t '5 all "l8)'6#'te/$ a$ 6;'6;'l/6/

a#e 5%$)t/'$all8 /!6'#ta$t.

A))ele#ate )l'tt/$" #ea)t/'$.

F'#! 6#e)%#'# 5'# t;#'!


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II , Platelet )8t'6la!

0( C'$t#a)t/le 6#'te/$

a)t/$ !8'/$t;#'!


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+( A elet'$ '5 !/)#'t%


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1( L8''!e )'$ta/$/$" ;8#'l8t/)e$8!e.

l8)'"e$ "#a$%le 5'# 6#'%)t/'$ '5 e$e#"8$ae#'


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( + t86e '5 "#a$%le

A> De$e"#a$%le

Al6;a "#a$%le

)'$ta/$ $'$(

6#'te/$ %


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Pla!a Me!


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W; t / W/ll < F t = WF>


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W;at / *'$ W/lle


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Pl t l t A; /


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Platelet A;e/'$A;e/'$ I$/t/al #e6'$e t' *eel Kall /$%#8I$e6e$e$t '5 6latelet a)t/*at/'$

Pa/*e =$' e$e#"8 #e%/#e> Does not

reuire !a2"

Me);a$/! '5 6latelet a;e/'$ EJ6'%#e '5

%


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Multistep Platelet Adhesion to Collagen

• I$%#e *a)%la# Kall *WF

a;e#e t' %


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Platelet Shape Change

• Platelet ;a6e );a$"e '))%#/!%lta$e'%l8 K/t; 6lateleta)t/*at/'$ Flatte$e /) 6/$86;e#e K/t; l'$" 6e%'6'6#'e)t/'$

•#eorgani$ation of proteins instructural $one %icrotu&ulescontract !oncentration oforganelles in center of cellclose to '!(

• I$)#eae 6latelet %#5a)e a#ea

–B/');e!/)al #ea)t/'$ %#/$";a6e );a$"e Me!


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Platelet Se)#et/'$Platelet e)#et/'$ ATP #e%/#e 5'#)e$t#al/at/'$ '5 '#"a$elle

Releae '5 "#a$%le )'$te$t /$t' OCSRe)#%/t!e$t a$ a)t/*at/'$ '5a/t/'$al 6latelet 5#'! t;e )/#)%lat/'$

Releae 6#'%)t 6#'!'te

e)'$a#8 ;e!'ta/ a$ #e6a/#ADP e#'t'$/$ 6latelet a)t/*at/'$Ca+Q a)t/*at/'$ ae!


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Platelet A""#e"at/'$

• Platelet a""#e"at/'$ /a


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Platelet Aggregation

A"'$/t !ollagen* throm&in*

arachidonic acid

St/!%late #eleae '5 a#a);/'$/) a)/5#'! !e!


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R'le '5 Platelet /$ A#te#/al T;#'!


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• Prostacyclin %PGI(' activates PGI(receptors on Platelets)

• his activation increases cAMP levelsand inhibits Platelet aggregation)

Ho-"""

cAMP inhibits release o+ A*P and .H+rom dense granules o+ Platelets)

A*P and .H is involved inPlatelet aggregation 0

T;e C8)l''J8"e$ae


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T;e C8)l''J8"e$ae=E/)'a$'/> Pat;Ka8 /$ t;eE$'t;el/al CellTXA+ t/!%late 6latelet

a""#e"at/'$


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• !hen the vessel -all is damaged,,,

•

1elease o+ these substances is impairedand subendothelial matri$ is e$posed)

• Platelets adhere to e$posed collagen via2( 34 and glycoprotein %GP'54 %receptor on

their sur+ace'

• Platelets adhere to von !illebrand +actor%present in subendothelial matri$' viaGPIb2 and GPIIb/IIIa %2IIb 3 6'


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• Adherent platelets undergo a changein shape

• Absence o+ Prostacyclin 7

cAMP

• Secretion A*P +rom their densegranules, and also there is synthesis

and release thrombo$ane A()


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• 1eleased A*P and thrombo$ane

A( are platelet agonists, activateambient platelets and recruitthem to the site o+ vascular

in8ury


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• *isruption o+ the vessel -all also e$poses tissue+actor% +actor 6' present in subendothelieal region

• issue +actor initiates coagulation)

• Also,,, the Activated platelets

potentiate coagulation by binding clotting +actors)

supports the assembly o+ activation comple$es)

• his -ill enhance thrombin generation)

T;


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T;#'!


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PA194 is the ma8or human platelet

receptorIt e$hibits 4


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A+ter 1ecruitment,

• *ivalent ?brinogen or multivalent v!@

molecules bridge ad8acent plateletstogether to +orm platelet aggregates)

•@ibrin strands then -eave theseaggregates together to +orm aplatelet/?brin !e;)


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Platelet 5%$)t/'$ aa8

•

EJ6'e 6latelet K/t;/$ )/t#ate K;'leK/t;/$ a )a6/lla#8 t%


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Platelet F%$)t/'$Tet/$"

PFA(022\ S8te!Cl/$/)al I$/)at/'$


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PFA-100 ® Platelet Function Analyzer

Trigger solution container

Soft keys

LCD screen

Built-In Printer

Carousel

Cassette

Test Cartridge


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PFA-100 ® Test Principle

before after

aperture

Ø15 !"

cup

Platelet

plug

#ilter

$epinep%rine

or &DP

flas%

'e'(rane

) !l

(lood

capillaryØ * !"

collagen

p + -, 'Bar


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%ig% s%ear rate

5 .s

%ig% s%ear rate

5 .s

PFA-100 ® Test Principle

PFA-100 ®

capillary *!'

/pinep%rineor

&DP 'e'(rane 0it%

platelet

on 2ille(rand #actor

eryt%rocyte

FLOW

collagen coating

To3 Pou4ol 6urden Paponneau et al7

In Vivo ae!ostasis

lu'en

fi(rinogen

platelet

collagen fi(rils

eryt%rocyte

on 2ille(rand#actor

endot%elial cell


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"ol#$pi "ol#A%P

&'() *1+,!. buffere/ o/iu! citrate

,0) "entral Interval *sec.223 (4 - 154 61 - 11(

88 *ade P@A94


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Platelet +unction assay

• C'lla"e$3e6/$e6;#/$e )l'%#et/!e =CEPI(CT>.

• A


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Pete);/ae 0(!!P%#6%#a !!(02 !!

E));8!'/ 02!!


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Platelets & Platelets Disorders.pptx

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