PLATE DISPENSER USING PIC ... -...

PLATE DISPENSER USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER

NURDIYANA BINTI MOHAMED GHAZALI

This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Computer Engineering) With Honours

Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

APRIL 2010

UNIVERSTI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN KOMPUTER

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN

PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II

Tajuk Projek : PLATE DISPENSER USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER Sesi Pengajian : 2009/2010

Saya NURDIYANA BINTI MOHAMED GHAZALI mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.

2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.

3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi

pengajian tinggi.

4. Sila tandakan ( √ ) :

SULIT* (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

TERHAD* (Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

TIDAK TERHAD

Disahkan oleh:

__________________________ ___________________________________ (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (COP DAN TANDATANGAN

PENYELIA) Alamat Tetap : NO 1 KAMPUNG KEPAYANG FAIR PARK, 31400 IPOH PERAK.

Tarikh: 30 APRIL 2010 Tarikh: 30 APRIL 2010

iii

“I, hereby declare that this thesis entitled, Plate Dispenser using PIC microcontroller

is a result of my own research idea concept for works that have been cited clearly in

the references.”

SIGNATURE: ………………………………………

NAME : NURDIYANA BINTI MOHAMED GHAZALI

DATE : 30 APRIL 2010

iv

“I, hereby declare that I have read this report an in my opinion this report is sufficient

in terms of scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering

(Computer Engineering) With Honours”

SIGNATURE : ………………………………………

SUPERVISOR NAME : MUZALIFAH BINTI MOHD SAID

DATE : 30 APRIL 2010

v

Special dedication to my loving family, all my siblings, and my kind hearted

supervisors Ms. Muzalifah Mohd Said, Ms. Syafeeza Ahmad Radzi and also dearest

friends.

vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, praise to Allah S.W.T because I can finished up my thesis

smoothly. Apart from the efforts of me, the success of this thesis depends largely on

the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express,

my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion

of this project.

On this opportunity, I would like to express my gratitude to the Faculty of

Electronic and Computer, University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka generally and

sincere gratitude to my supervisors, Ms. Muzalifah Bt Mohd Said and Ms. Syafeeza

Ahmad Radzi for their assistance and guidance towards the progress of this project

thesis. Throughout this semester, Ms. Muzalifah and Ms. Syafeeza have been

patiently monitoring my progress and guided me in the right direction and offering

their encouragement to me. Obviously the progress I had now will be uncertain

without their assistance.

I am very grateful to my family especially my mom and dad and not forget

also to my siblings for their unfailing encouragement and financial support that they

have given to me for over the years.

My special appreciation and thanks to all my friends for their invaluable

assistances towards this project thesis. And also to everyone who involve in this

project either direct or indirectly.

Thank you.

vii

ABSTRACT

Plate Dispenser Project is a way to organize a large canteen or cafeteria

systematically. The purpose of this system is to develop a smart cafeteria where the

job of waiter is replaced by a machine. During peak hour, large canteen and food

court always encounter problem where clean plate is unavailable and the dirty plate

is messed up on the table. This problem happens when customers enter a premise in a

large quantity at the same time while the workers are in limited number to do all the

work. The solution for this problem is to develop a system which can ensure the

customer return the used plate in a proper place (machine). When the customer

returns their plate, they will get back their coins that they had inserted during taking

the clean plate. Through this system, a plate can dispense more systematically. This

system is developed the vending machine concept.

viii

ABSTRAK

Projek Plate Dispenser ini adalah salah satu usaha untuk menguruskan kantin atau

kafeteria dengan lebih bersistematik. Sistem ini juga direka untuk mewujudkan

kafeteria yang berkonsepkan sistem “smart” di mana tugas-tugas pelayan diganti

dengan mesin. Masalah yang selalu wujud di kantin adalah pada waktu puncak di

mana semua pelanggan datang serentak ke kantin. Biasanya, pinggan bersih tidak

mencukupi kerana banyak pinggan kotor tidak diambil dari meja makan disebabkan

kekurangan pekerja. Penyelesaian kepada masalah ini adalah dengan mereka bentuk

suatu sistem yang dapat memastikan pelanggan sendiri memulangkan pinggan kotor

ke dalam mesin.Dengan berbuat demikian, pelanggan akan mendapat semula duit

yang telah dimasukkan semasa mengambil pinggan bersih. Melalui sistem ini,

pengagihan pinggan dapat diuruskan dengan sistematik. Konsep sistem ini adalah

sama dengan konsep mesin runcit.

ix

CONTENT

CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE

PROJECT TITLE i

REPORT STATUS VERIDICATION FORM ii

STUDENT’S DECLARATION iii

SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION iv

DEDICATION v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi

ABSTRACT vii

ABSTRAK viii

CONTENTS ix

LIST OF TABLES xii

LIST OF FIGURES xiii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xv

LIST OF APPENDICES xvi

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Project Overview 1

1.2 Project Objective 1

1.3 Problem Statement 2

1.4 Scope of the Project 2

1.5 Project Planning 3

1.6 Project Significant 3

1.7 Thesis Outline 3

x

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.1 PIC16F877A Microcontroller 5

2.2 DC Motor Circuit 8

2.3 Coin Acceptor Module 12

2.4 Pull Up and Pull Down Resistors 14

2.5 Power Supply Circuit

2.6 LCD Display

15

16

3 METHODOLOGY AND SYSTEM DESIGN 19

3.1 Flowchart of Methodology 20

3.2 System Design 23

3.2.1 Plate Dispenser System 24

3.3 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 26

3.3.1 Rules of PCB design 27

3.3.2 PCB Design Flow 29

3.3.3 PCB Verification 31

3.3.4 PCB Fabrication 32

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 38

4.1 Schematic 38

4.1.1 PIC16F877A 38

4.1.2 DC Brush Motor 44

4.2 Expected Result 46

4.3 PIC To Control The Output 48

4.4 Final Product 48

4.5 Discussion 50

5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion 51

xi

5.2 Suggestion for Future Work 52

REFERENCES 53

xii

LIST OF TABLE

NO TITLE PAGE

2.1 Features of PIC16F877A 7

2.2 Coin Acceptor Existing Technologies 12

3.1 Standard Design Rules of PCB Layout Design 27

4.1 Pin Configuration 40

4.2 Expected result of the project. 46

xiii

LIST OF FIGURE

NO TITLE PAGE

2.1 PIC16F877A 6

2.2 2-pole DC electric motor 9

2.3 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) 10

2.4 Coin Acceptor 13

2.5 (a): Pull-down resistor 14

(b): Pull-up resistor 14

2.6 Voltage Regulator 5V Circuit 15

2.7 Pin configuration and symbol for voltage regulator 7805 15

2.8 LCD Display 16

2.9 Connecting an LCD display to a microcontroller 18

3.1 Flowchart methodology of the project 19

3.2 Block Diagram of Plate Dispenser 23

3.3 Flowchart of Plate Dispenser System 25

3.4 PCB Design Flow 29

3.5 Printed PCB Layout to Transparent paper 32

3.6 Photo Etching Process (Step 1) 33




xiv


3.11 Drilling Process 36

3.12 Soldering Process 37

3.13 Soldering Process 37

4.1 PIC16F877A microcontroller schematic 41

4.2 Top layer of the PIC16F877A PCB 42

4.3 Track of the PIC16F877A PCB design 43

4.4 Schematic of DC motor circuit 44

4.5 Top layer of the DC motor PCB 45

4.6 Track of the DC motor PCB design 46

4.7 Overview of the whole system 47

4.8 Final Product of Plate Dispenser 48

4.9 Side view of the machine 49

xv

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CPU - Central Processing Unit

DC - Direct Current

EEPROM - Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

I/O - Input/ Output

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display

LED - Light Emitting Diode

MOSFET - Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

PCB - Printed Circuit Board

PIC - Programmable Interrupted Controller

PSM - Projek Sarjana Muda

RAM - Random Access Memory

xvi

LIST OF APPENDICES

NO TITLE PAGE

A Project Planning 54

B Source Code For PIC16F877A 56

C PIC16F877A Datasheet 71

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Overview

This project implements the vending machine concept in plate dispensing for self

service food outlets such as food court or large canteen. This is to ensure that customer

return the used plate when a proper and valid coin is inserted into the coin acceptor.

Once the plate returned into the dirty plate receptor, the coin will be returned to the

customer. The implementation of the system is using PIC microcontroller as it is easy to

design and modify, cheap and robust.

1.2 Objectives Of Project :

Specifically the objectives of this project are: To ensure the customer returns the used plate in a proper place.

To ensure the workers alert when the dirty plate is full and the clean plate is

empty.

To organize the food court and large canteen more systematically.

To gain more profit to the company. High technology equipment and systematic

management in food court or restaurant can attract more people to come.

2

To design and develop system which consists of PIC microcontroller circuit, coin

acceptor, DC motor circuit, LCD display, buzzer and limit switch.

To combine other circuits as input and output to the PIC16F877A

microcontroller circuit.

1.3 Problem Statement

The problems are observed from large canteen and cafeteria which happened

almost every day. All the problems can be summarized as below:

During peak hour, large canteen and food court always have problem where

clean plate is unavailable and the dirty plate is messed up on the table.

This problem happens when customers enter a premise in a large quantity at the

same time while the numbers of workers are limited to do all the work.

The increase number of workers may require more cost.

Customers have to wait so long before they can get new plate. This situation can

cause a big profit loss to the canteen or food courts if the customers go to another

place.

1.4 Scope Of Project

This project is involves hardware and software. Microcontroller PIC16F877A is

a brain of the project where it is use to control the whole system of plate dispenser. The

PIC microcontroller will control coin acceptor circuit, DC motor circuit, buzzer and

LCD display in this system. Coin acceptor and limit switch will be the input of the

microcontroller while buzzer, DC motor circuit and LCD display will be the output of

the microcontroller.

The software part consists of assembly language programming for the PIC

microcontroller. The software used to assemble the program is MPLAB and WINPIC is

used to download the program to the microcontroller. To make the process easier to

3

debug and test, the program will be constructing part by part before it combine for the

final design.

1.5 Project Planning

This project is implemented base on the project planning schedule. The project started

from July 2009 to March 2010. The project planning schedule is presented in Appendix

A.

1.6 Significance of the Project

The significant of this project are :

To reduce the workers in a canteen of food court.

To save time, energy and cost.

To improve the customer service in the canteen or food court.

To give amenity to the management, workers and customers.

To introduce high technology application in canteen and food court.

1.7 Thesis Outline

This report contains five chapters that explain in detail about the entire project to

provide the understanding of the whole project.

Chapter 1 is introduction of the project. This chapter presents an overview to

plate dispenser system, the objectives of the project, project schedule and thesis outline.

Chapter 2 covers the literature review on the circuit that will use in this system.

The circuits are DC motor circuit, Coin Acceptor and PIC16F877A microcontroller

circuit. This chapter discusses about source or article that is related to the project. This

chapter also reveals the products that have been appeared in the market nowadays. This

4

chapter is also relates the theory of the components, equipments and programming

languages that is used in the project. So, it is very important to understand the overall

concepts and how this system works.

Chapter 3 describes in details in methodology and the system design. This

chapter will cover up all the project implementation to achieve the goal where the

method or procedure to finish the project successfully has specially discussed. It also

contains the flowchart that shows the step by step procedures in order to complete the

entire task. The hardware and software technical details are also explained in this part.

The testing procedures, devices and method used to generate the expected results will be

included in this chapter.

Chapter 4 represents the results of both simulation and hardware implementation.

It also contains the analysis of the project that has been created. This chapter also

contains picture and photo for the initial result of this project.

Chapter 5 discusses the overall conclusions and limitations of the project. This

chapter includes of suggestion to improve this project for future works. The overall

conclusion of this project is shown.

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter will explain and discusses the sources or articles that are related to

the project. It reviewed some products that have been appeared in the market nowadays.

This chapter is also describes about the theory of the components, equipments and

programming languages that is used in the project. The literature review is done to

comprehend the whole system and decide the best inputs, outputs and devices. From

literature review, there will be an analysis concerning the advantages and disadvantages

for each phase in this project. Equipment and part inclusive some important include

information such as dimension, operation and specification is also provided.

2.1 PIC16F877A Microcontroller

The main component of the Plate Dispenser system is a microcontroller.

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a

relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator,

timers, watchdog timer, serial and analog I/O etc. PIC is a family of Harvard architecture

microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology.

6

PICs are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists alike due to their

low cost, wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of application notes,

availability of low cost or free development tools, and serial programming (and re-

programming with flash memory) capability.

Figure 2.1 PIC16F877A

The PIC architecture is distinctively minimalist. It is characterized by the

following features [1]:

Separate code and data spaces (Harvard architecture).

A small number of fixed length instructions.

Most instructions are single cycle execution (4 clock cycles), with single delay

cycles upon branches and skips.

A single accumulator , the use of which (as source operand) is implied (i.e. is not

encoded in the opcode) .

7

All RAM locations function as registers as both source and/or destination of

math and other functions.

A hardware stack for storing return addresses.

A fairly small amount of addressable data space (typically 256 bytes), extended

through banking.

Data space mapped CPU, port, and peripheral registers.

The program counter is also mapped into the data space and writable (this is used

to implement indirect jumps).

Unlike most other CPUs, there is no distinction between memory space and

register space because the RAM serves the job for both memory and registers, and the

RAM is usually just referred to as the register file or simply as the registers.

Table 2.1 : Features of PIC16F877A

Key Features PIC16F877A

Operating Frequency DC – 20 MHz

Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)

Flash Program Memory

(14-bit words)

8K

Data Memory (bytes) 368

EEPROM Data Memory (bytes) 256

Interrupts 15

I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, D, E

Timers 3

Capture/Compare/PWM modules 2

Serial Communications MSSP, USART

Parallel Communications PSP

10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 8 input channels

Analog Comparators 2

Instruction Set 35 Instructions

8

Packages 40-pin PDIP 44-pin PLCC 44-pin TQFP 44-pin QFN

The microcontroller used in this project is the Microchip PIC16F877A. This

controller has 33 inputs and outputs. The input and output for the microcontroller can be

used in any combination. All input and output are connected to the outside world

through the registers which are called port. For this microcontroller, it has 5 ports which

are PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, PORTD and PORTE. PORTA has 6 bits, PORTB

PORTC and PORTD has 8 bits. But PORTE has 3 bits. This project has 2 circuits. The

Master Board circuits uses PORTA, PORTB and PORTC only as the input and output

ports.

2.2 DC Motor Circuit

This project uses DC motor type. The DC motors are fairly simple to

understand. They are also simple to construct and only requires a battery or dc supply to

make them function successfully.

In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A current-

carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external

magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor,

and to the strength of the external magnetic field. The opposite (North and South)

polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North, South and South) repel. The

internal configuration of a DC motor is designed to harness the magnetic interaction

between a current-carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to generate

rotational motion.

PLATE DISPENSER USING PIC ... -...

Documents

Transcript of PLATE DISPENSER USING PIC ... -...