362. PAPAVER FAURIEI

Papaveraceae

David Gardner

Summary. The taxonomic history, relationship, distribution and cultur-al requirements of Papaver fauriei (Fedde) Tatew. & Miyabe (Papavera-ceae), a rare endemic of the Japanese island of Rishiri, are discussed; anillustration is provided, together with a full description of the species.

Rishiri Island, north-west of Hokkaido, is volcanic in origin with the

centrally sited Mt Rishiri rising some 1721 m above sea-level. On

the gravelly, alpine slopes of this stratovolcano is found a dainty,

very rare poppy, with a somewhat confusing background.

It was Friedrich Fedde (1873±1942), a German botanist, editor

and publisher, who ®rst used the name Papaver fauriei (1909) in

honour of Urbain Faurie (1847±1914), a French missionary who

was one of the most energetic collectors of Japanese plants during

the nineteenth century. However, as this name was used only on a

label in the Berlin Herbarium, it did not constitute valid publica-

tion. In 1909 Fedde did describe the plant and validate the name,

although this time at varietal rank as P. nudicaule L. subsp.

xanthopetalum (Trautv.) Fedde var. fauriei Fedde. It is closely allied

to P. nudicaule L. which is native to Siberia and Mongolia, south-

wards and westwards to the mountains of central Asia and

Afghanistan. Another relative is the very variable P. radicatum

Rottb. from the moraines, screes, river gravels and stony steppes

of northern North America, Greenland, Iceland, Arctic Europe

and Arctic Russia. All of these plants are tufted perennials.

Papaver miyabeanum Tatew. & Miyabe is another small yellow

poppy, found on the Kurile Islands, north-west of Hokkaido. This is

morphologically very similar to P. fauriei and there has been

considerable debate as to whether the two are in fact conspeci®c

(Beckett, 1994). However, in 1936, M. Tatewaki and K. Miyabe

published a paper on P. fauriei and P. miyabeanum in an apparently

little consulted work, which included a key detailing the morpho-

logical differences between the two plants. Further evidence to

support the fact that two different taxa are involved comes from

Eckenwalder (1989) who treats P. miyabeanum and P. fauriei as

separate entities on cytological evidence, the former being a

hexaploid whereas P. fauriei is an octoploid.

According to Tatewaki (1957), P. miyabeanum grows on Etorof

# Bentham-Moxon Trust 1999. Published by Blackwell Publishers, 108 Cowley Road,

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Plate 362

Papaver fauriei sho hayakawa

Island in the southern Kuriles and on the islands of Urup,

Shimushir and Matua in the central Kuriles. This distribution

appears to be supported by Charkevicz (1987). In his preface

Tatewaki quotes Prof E. HulteÂn who said: `It is natural that in such

a long row of islands, connecting the rich Japanese ¯oral region,

®lled up by endemic species, with the comparatively poor Kam-

chatka ¯oral region, a very great ¯oristic change must take place.'

Tatewaki went on to say: `It is in my opinion one of the most

interesting ®elds of geobotanical investigation in Eastern Asia.'

These attractive species have received accolades from horticul-

turists, but have also been the subject of confusion. The well-known

alpine nurseryman, Will Ingwersen (1991) wrote of P. miyabeanum:

`A gem among dwarf poppies is P. miyabeanum, from Japan. It is

occasionally named P. fauriei, but I retain the name by which it has

become correctly known. This dainty creature has ¯at rosettes of

wide, hairy, grey-green serrated leaves, and large yellow ¯owers on

short stems. It is not particularly long-lived but is very easily

increased from the seeds it sets plentifully.' Jack Elliott (1979) notes

that `P. miyabeanum is perhaps the daintiest of the alpine poppies,

somewhat similar to P. alpinum itself especially in leaf, but with

larger, solitary poppy ¯owers which are an unusual shade of deep

greenish-yellow . . .'

Much confusion has occurred also over the name of P. miyabeanum

which has appeared in catalogues under a number of misspellings,

alternative spellings and incorrect author citations. Marjorie

Brough (1968) lists the following: `P. miyabeanum takewakii', `P.

moyabenum tokwokii', `P. moyabenum tokewokii', `P. myabea-

num', `P. myabeanum takedakii', `P. takedake myerbeanum', `P.

Takedaker' Myer and `P. takedaki myerbeanum'.

Of the two species, P. miyabeanum is by far the most readily

obtainable. The RHS Plant Finder 1998±99 (Lord et al., 1998) lists 19

suppliers, plus one for P. miyabeanum album and one for P. miyabeanum

`Pacino'; there is only one entry for P. fauriei.

The only herbarium specimen of either taxon at Kew is of P.

fauriei (Furuse 11497) collected at c. 1400 m on the slopes of Mt

Rishiri on 6 August 1976. This sheet, with plants in ¯ower and in

fruit, clearly shows the compact habit of this delicate poppy.

It was Tatewaki and Miyabe (1936) who recognized the two as

distinct taxa and clari®ed their relationship. The main points of

distinction lie in the leaves, ¯ower size and capsules: P. fauriei has

# Bentham-Moxon Trust 1999. 75

mostly bipinnately lobed leaves with wedge-shaped apices, while P.

miyabeanum has mostly pinnately-divided leaves with the lobes more

rounded at their apices; the former has ¯owers 1±2.5 cm in

diameter (when dried) and an ovoid-spherical capsule whereas P.

miyabeanum has larger ¯owers (2.5±)3±5 cm in diameter (when

dried), and a slightly larger, globose capsule.

To avoid future confusion in the nomenclature of these two

species, the synonymy of P. miyabeanum is included below, as well as

that of the ®gured species, P. fauriei.

Cultivation. Although individual plants of P. fauriei are short-

lived, seeds are produced readily. These can be collected and sown

in spring to provide a supply of young plants; alternatively, if left to

their own devices, self-sown seedlings will often appear alongside

the parent plants. Judy Glattstein (1996), in her practical guide on

the use of Japanese plants in gardens, notes that it does not

transplant readily, so is best to either plant young seedlings, or

`scatter seed where you want the poppies to grow.' This is

undoubtedly a hardy species, but the plants should be positioned

in a scree or on a rock garden where the drainage is good. In areas

with mild, wet winters the rosettes are best protected from excess

moisture by some means, or the plants grown in the shelter of an

alpine house or cold frame.

Papaver miyabeanum Tatew. & Miyabe in Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist.Soc. 14: 259 (1936). Type: Japan, Middle Kuriles, Broughton-saki, Isl.Shimshir, 13 August 1928, Tatewaki & Tokunaga s.n. (SAPA).Papaver nudicaule Matsum. in Ind. Pl. Jap. 2: 146 p.p. (1912), non L.Papaver nudicaule L. subsp. xanthopetalum Fedde var. fauriei Tatew. in J. Fac.

Agric., Hokkaido Univ. 29: 198, 227, 296 (1933), non Fedde.Papaver nudicaule L. subsp. xanthopetalum Fedde var. shimshirense Miyabe &

Tatew. in Trans. Sapporo Nat.Hist. Soc. 14: 5 (1935).

Papaver fauriei (Fedde) Tatew. & Miyabe in Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist.Soc. 14: 258 (1936). Type: Japan, Rishiri Island, NW of Jeso, Faurie 3015(B, not located).Papaver alpinum var. microcarpum sensu Kawak. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 14:

119 (1900), non Ledeb.Papaver nudicaule sensu Makino in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) XIII: 163 (1903), non

L.; in Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II(2): 146 p.p. (1912).Papaver nudicaule L. subsp. xanthopetalum Fedde var. fauriei Fedde in Repert.

Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 257 (1909); Engler, P¯anzenr. 4(104): 380±381 (1909).

# Bentham-Moxon Trust 1999.76

Papaver fauriei Fedde in sched. (B).

Description (of P. fauriei): Hispid perennial herb, 10±20 cm high withshort tufted rhizomes. Leaves radical, up to 70620 mm, long petiolate,ovate to narrowly so, bipinnately divided, the segments often 2±4 lobed,the ultimate lobes oblong, acute; petioles up to 50 mm long; scapes 10±20cm high, erect, with spreading hairs below, the hairs appressed above.In¯orescence comprising a solitary ¯ower. Flowers actinomorphic, upwardfacing. Sepals approx. 10 mm in length, ovate, densely rusty-brown hairy.Petals yellow, c. 20615 mm. Stamens many, yellow. Ovary ovoid-sphericalwith yellow, appressed bristly hairs. Stigma, a broad disk with 6±9 rays.Capsule ovoid-spherical, coarsely appressed-hairy, 7±10 mm long, 5±8 mmdiameter. Seeds 160.5 mm, brownish-red, alveolate.

Distribution. Japan, Rishiri Island.

Acknowledgments. I would like to thank the following for their help withthis article: Susyn Andrews, Peter Brandham, Dick Brummitt, PaulBygrave, Tony Hall, Lisa von Schlippe and Melanie Thomas.

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