Plastics Waste ManagementCurrent Status

INDIA

Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE)Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE)Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE)Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE)

MumbaiMumbaiMumbaiMumbaiwww.icpeenvis.nic.inwww.icpeenvis.nic.inwww.icpeenvis.nic.inwww.icpeenvis.nic.in // // // // www.icpe.inwww.icpe.inwww.icpe.inwww.icpe.in

Presented

@

Asia Plastic Forum (APF)Plastindia 2015, Gandhinagar

HOW MUCH PLASTIC WASTE ?

REQUIRING ATTENTION FOR ITS MANAGEMENT

Major Source

• Municipal Solid Waste

• Medical• Electronic

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PLASTICS IN MSW - MUMBAI

Source: NEERI study - 2005

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Figures for Mumbai. Source: NSWAI - 2009

PLASTICS WASTE IN MSW AT

DIFFERENT LOCATIONS - MUMBAI

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Figures for Deonar Dumping Yard, Mumbai. Source: Environmental Greenliness - 2009

SOLID WASTE AT DEONAR LANDFILL - MUMBAI

Plastics Waste Remaining in Landfills

Unattended

• EPS

• Multilayered / Laminated Plastics

• Thin Soiled bags (mixed) / Thin Cups

MSW: STATISTICS

Total MSW ~ 63 MMT

Bio – Medical Waste … 500 MTD

(250 – 300 gms/day/bed)

(182500 MTA)

E – Waste … 470, 000 MTA

__________________________________

(Includes plastics waste)

(Source … GoI (MoUD, 2010)

PLASTICS WASTE IN MSW

• Big Cities ~ 5 – 8 %

• Smaller Cities ~ 1 – 2%

Considering less than 1% PW ultimately remaining in the MSW (landfill):

Practical Estimate is < 1.0 MMT

PET Bottle Waste

Total Bottle 0.6 MMT

______________________________

Remain in Circulation 0.1 MMT

Recycled 0.4 MMT

______________________________

Remain uncollected 0.1 MMT

Source: PET Bottle Industry Assn

Present Activities

RECYCLING STATISTICS - INDIA

TRADITIONALLY INDIANS OPTED FOR RECYCLING WAY BACK IN THE 60’S AS A SOURCE OF EARNING. TODAY THE STATUS IS -

• ORGANISED RECYCLING UNITS: ≈ 3500

• UNORGANISED RECYCLING UNITS: ≈ 4000

•MANPOWER: DIRECT ≈ 0.6 MNINDIRECT ≈ 1 MN

•PLASTICS RECYCLED PER ANNUM ≈ 4 MMT

Source: CIPET Study for CPCB

SALIENT POINTS

• NEARLY 100% RECYCLING OF RIGID PLASTICS EXCEPTING EPS & ONE TIME USED SMALL CUPS

• 70% OF 0.6 MMT PET BOTTLE WASTE IS RECYCLED, 15% BEING IN CIRCULATION WHILE 15% DOES NOT REACH RECYCLERS

Waste pickers with vanLoading of dry waste in

Municipality van

Dry waste being carried

for loading into

Municipality van

Dry waste at housing

colonies

Collected dry waste on

way to segregation area

SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE

AT SELECT MUMBAI WARDS

Segregation of dry waste

Packing of segregated

dry waste

Storing of segregated dry

waste in secured place

Segregated dry waste being weighed

and sold to recyclers / traders

SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE

• BMC PROVIDES SPACE , SHEDS & COLLECTION VEHICLES

• WASTE PICKERS COLLECT DRY WASTE FROM SOCIETY

BUILDINGS AND SEGREGATE THE SAME INTO DIFFERENT

CATEGORIES

• SEGREGATED DRY WASTE IS STORED IN SECURED SHEDS

• SEGREGATED WASTE IS THEN SOLD TO WASTE DEALERS

WHO IN TURN SELLS TO RECYCLERS

• MINOR QUANTITY OF NON-RECYCLABLES GO TO LANDFILLS

(CAN BE DIVERTED TOWARDS CEMENT KILNS FOR ENERGY

RECOVERY)

STEPS INVOLVED IN THE MODEL PROJECT AT SELECT MUMBAI WARDS

IN 2013, IN 5 SELECT WARDS, 100 WASTE PICKERS SEGREGATED

ABOUT 2000 MTs DRY WASTE AND SENT FOR RECYCLING

EARNING MORE THAN Rs. 1.1 Cr (~ Rs. 9000/ pm / Waste Picker)

INITIATIVES

• Segregation of Dry Waste is Practised only in Limited Areas of some Cities spread over the Country

• ICPE, Associations & NGOs Organise Awareness Programmes Across the Country to Popularise Source Segregation of Dry Waste

• MoEF, GoI, Supports such Programmes

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TECHNOLOGY

RECYCLING AND RECOVERY OPTIONS

For

PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT

PREVAILING PRACTICE

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PLASTICS RECYCLING/RECOVERY OPTIONS

Plastics

Waste

Material

Recovery

Energy

Recovery

Feedstock

Recycling

Mechanical

Recycling

Biological

Recycling

•Co- Processing in Cement Kilns

•Heat & Power Generation

•Monomer

•Fuel

•Reducing

Agent in

Blast Furnace

•Gasification

Most

AdoptedISO 15270:2008

MECHANICAL RECYCLING –

CONVENTIONAL & MOST FOLLOWED PROCESS WORLDWIDE

IN INDIA ALSO MECHANICAL RECYCLING IS THE MOST PRACTISED PROCESS

COMPRESION MOULDED BOARDS

FROM MULTILAYERED TETRAPACK

LIMITED FACILITY DEVELOPED

MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF MIXED

PLASTICS

LUMBER AS WOOD SUSTITUTE

INDIAN MACHINERY MANUFACTURER DEVELOPED SMALLER PLANT

MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF WASTE PLASTICS WITH JUTE

FURNITURE & FLOOR : REPLACEMENT OF WOOD

ENERGY RECOVERY -CO-PROCESSING IN CEMENT KILN

• ALL TYPES OF MIXED PLASTICS WASTE CAN BE USED

• SEGREGATION AND CLEANING NOT REQUIRED

ENERGY RECOVERY

CO-PROCESSING IN CEMENT KILNS

• Cleaner emissions (compared to coal)

• > 60 % Replacement of Coal Established - (Germany)• ICPE & ACC Ltd Established Protocol for Co-processingPlastics Waste in Cement Kilns in India

• At 10% Replacement Rate 150 out of 170 Cement Kilns InIndia could dispose of entire Plastics Waste generated in the country today in a scientific manner

• CPCB Issued Directives to All States for Using PlasticsWaste as Alternate Fuel

Polyethylene : 46 MJ/kgPolypropylene: 44 MJ/kgPolyamide (Nylons): 32 MJ/kgPET : 22 MJ/kg

Coal : 29 MJ/kg

CALORIFIC VALUES

…. ENERGY RECOVERY

Cement Kilns use about 650 Kgs of Plastics Waste to substitute 1 MT of Coal

PRESENT STATUS:

• INDIAN PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE• SOME PLANTS ARE RUNNING IN SOME CITIES IN THE

COUNTRY – HYDERABAD, ALATHUR (Nr CHENNAI), PUNE, VASAI (Nr MUMBAI), NAVI MUMBAI

• SOME CORPORATES HAVE SET UP PLANTS FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OF THEIR OWN PLASTICS/ E-WASTE (BANGALORE)

• CIVIC BODIES SHOWING GROWING INTEREST IN PROVIDING THE PLASTIC WASTE TO SUCH PLANTSUNDER DECENTRALISATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE

CONVERSION TO FUEL

ALL TYPES OF MIXED PLASTICS WASTE CAN BE USED WITHOUT

ELABORATE CLEANING

CONVERSION TO FUEL

Hyderabad

Mumbai

Plastics Waste to Fuel Plant Zero Waste Project at New Delhi Colony

Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper

Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper

Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper

Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper

Bidyasagar Street – Kalyani

West Bengal

PLASTICS WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

… PLASTICS WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

ASPHALT PLANT OF BMC, WORLI, MUMBAIProf. V S AGHASE ROAD DADAR, MUMBAI

Plastics Waste used in Road

Construction

• PE / PP / PS / EPS : 10 – 15% Replacement of Bitumen Established with Proven Benefits

• Multilayered Plastics & EPS @ 15% of total Plastics Waste Have been Used

For 1 KM long and 7 feet wide Road, 1 MT of Plastics Waste is used with 9 MTs of Bitumen.

450, 000 KM Rural Road in India Can Use more than 0.5 Mn Tons of Plastics Waste

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GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS

• AS PER EXISTING MSW RULES OF 2000, DRY AND WET WASTE ARE REQUIRED TO BE SEGREGATED AT THE SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION FOR COLLECTION BY THE MUNICIPALITY AUTHORITIES SEPARATELY FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OR RECYCLING.

• NEW REGULATION OF 2011 EMPHASISES INVOLVEMENT OF MANUFACTURERS FOR SETTING UP OF COLLECTION CENTRES FOR PLASTICS WASTE IN LINE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF EXTENDED PRODUCER’S RESPONSIBILITY (EPR).

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MSW Management Practice – EU

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