PLASTICFIBERELASTOMER objectives By the end of the class, students should be able By the end of the...
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Transcript of PLASTICFIBERELASTOMER objectives By the end of the class, students should be able By the end of the...
PLASTICPLASTIC FIBERFIBER ELASTOMERELASTOMER
objectivesobjectives By the end of the class, students By the end of the class, students
should be able should be able To explain the importance of proper To explain the importance of proper
disposal of synthetic polymersdisposal of synthetic polymersTo suggest ways to dispose of To suggest ways to dispose of
synthetic polymers in order to synthetic polymers in order to preserve the environmentpreserve the environment
To practice good habits in disposing To practice good habits in disposing of synthetic polymersof synthetic polymers
What is What is Polymer ?!Polymer ?!o Food?Food?o Bag?Bag?o Animal?Animal?o Plant?Plant?o Cloth?Cloth?
o Or what?Or what?
POLYMERSPOLYMERS
large molecules made up of many large molecules made up of many smaller and identical repeating smaller and identical repeating units units
-> -> monomersmonomers These repeating units joins These repeating units joins
together by together by
covalent bondscovalent bonds
POLYMERSPOLYMERS
The chemical process that join The chemical process that join the monomers together the monomers together
- - POLYMERISATIONPOLYMERISATION
Polymerisation can be divided Polymerisation can be divided into 2 types :into 2 types : addition polymerisationaddition polymerisation condensation polymerisationcondensation polymerisation
POLYMERSPOLYMERS
Polymers can be divided into 2 Polymers can be divided into 2 types :types :
naturally occurring polymersnaturally occurring polymers
synthetic polymerssynthetic polymers
What What the the
differedifferent nt
betweebetween n
natural natural polymepolymers and rs and synthesynthe
tic tic polymepolyme
rs?rs?
naturally occurring naturally occurring polymerspolymers
Polymers that exist in plants or Polymers that exist in plants or animalsanimals
Types of naturally occurring polymers Types of naturally occurring polymers proteinprotein : muscles: muscles carbohydrates carbohydrates : cellulose: cellulose natural rubbernatural rubber : latex: latex
synthetic polymerssynthetic polymers
Polymers made in industry from Polymers made in industry from chemical substanceschemical substances
Scientists are able to copy Scientists are able to copy structures of natural polymers to structures of natural polymers to produce synthetic polymers produce synthetic polymers trough scientific researchtrough scientific research
synthetic polymerssynthetic polymers
many of raw materials for many of raw materials for synthetic polymers are obtain synthetic polymers are obtain fromfrom
-> petroleum-> petroleum types of synthetic polymerstypes of synthetic polymers
plasticsplastics fibersfibers elastomerselastomers
PlastPlastic ic is a is a syntsynthetic hetic polypolymer. mer. Why?Why?
!!
plasticsplastics
composed of polymers of composed of polymers of carboncarbon and and hydrogenhydrogen alone or with alone or with oxygenoxygen, , nitrogennitrogen, , chlorinechlorine or or sulfursulfur in the backbone in the backbone
plasticsplastics
Properties of plastics :-Properties of plastics :- LightLight strong strong malleable malleable inert to chemicalinert to chemical insulators of electricity insulators of electricity
and heatand heat
plasticsplastics
example of plastics are :-example of plastics are :- polythene (polyethylene)polythene (polyethylene) polyvinylchloride (PVC)polyvinylchloride (PVC) polypropene (polypropylene)polypropene (polypropylene) polystyrenepolystyrene PerspexPerspex BakeliteBakelite
fibersfibers
long chain polymers that long chain polymers that withstand withstand stretchingstretching
example of fibers are :-example of fibers are :-polyamide polyamide nylonnylon, , teryleneterylenephenol-formaldehyde (PF)phenol-formaldehyde (PF)acrylicacrylic polymers polymers
elastomerselastomers
polymer that can regain its polymer that can regain its original shape after being original shape after being stretched or pressedstretched or pressed
example of elastomers are :-example of elastomers are :-Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)PolyisoprenePolyisoprene (IR) (IR) PolybutadienePolybutadiene (BR) (BR) Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Chloroprene Rubber (CR)
Why ?????Why ????? StrongStrong Inert to chemical Inert to chemical
attacksattacks Easily moulded Easily moulded
or shaped and be or shaped and be colouredcoloured
CheapCheap Able to resist Able to resist
corrosioncorrosion Special Special
properties can be properties can be made according made according to specific needsto specific needs
What is What is the the
impacts impacts of of
synthetic synthetic polymers polymers towards towards
human human and and
environmenvironment?ent?
Environmental Environmental pollution pollution !!!!!!
Most of the polymers are non-Most of the polymers are non-biogradeablebiogradeable
Cannot be decomposed by Cannot be decomposed by bacteria / decomposerbacteria / decomposer
So… caused disposal problem So… caused disposal problem when polymer not decaywhen polymer not decay
Environmental Environmental pollution pollution !!!!!!
Plastics items discardedPlastics items discarded Blockage of drainage systems & Blockage of drainage systems &
riversrivers So… caused flash floodsSo… caused flash floods
Environmental Environmental pollution pollution !!!!!!
Polymer containers not buried in Polymer containers not buried in the groundthe ground
Become breeding ground for Become breeding ground for mosquitoesmosquitoes
So… caused diseases such as So… caused diseases such as denguedengue
Environmental Environmental pollution pollution !!!!!!
The non-biogradeable polymers The non-biogradeable polymers thrown into rivers -> lakes -> thrown into rivers -> lakes -> seasseas
Swallowed by aquatic animalsSwallowed by aquatic animals Animals die due to chockingAnimals die due to chocking
Environmental Environmental pollution pollution !!!!!!
Open burning of polymersOpen burning of polymers Released harmful, poisonous Released harmful, poisonous
gasesgases Cause air pollutionCause air pollution Contributes to acid rain problem Contributes to acid rain problem
That’s not the That’s not the only impacts of only impacts of
plasticsplastics
moviemovie
Ways to dispose Ways to dispose synthetic polymer synthetic polymer
properlyproperly PYROLISIS-burn without oxygenPYROLISIS-burn without oxygen
INCINERATION-gas is filteredINCINERATION-gas is filtered
INVENT A BIODEGRADEABLE INVENT A BIODEGRADEABLE SYNTHETIC POLYMERSYNTHETIC POLYMER
CATEGORY Code Example DENSITY
1 PETE Pop bottlePeanut butter jar
Mylar
1.38 – 1.39
2 HDPE Milk jugShampoo bottle
0.95 – 0.97
3 V Pipes and fittings, pill bottles, shower curtains, garden hoses, tile, leather like luggage and
upholstery
1.15 – 1.35
4 LDPE Trash bagsDiaper liners
0.92 – 0.94
5 PP Indoor/outdoor carpeting, kitchenware
0.90 – 0.91
6 PS StyrofoamPen casing
Clear plastic cups
1.05 – 1.07
7 OTHER Toothpaste and cosmetic containers
PRACTISING GOOD HABITS IN PRACTISING GOOD HABITS IN DISPOSING OF SYNTHETIC DISPOSING OF SYNTHETIC
POLYMERSPOLYMERS
1.1. Separate the synthetic Separate the synthetic polymers from other wastes.polymers from other wastes.
2.2. RecycleRecycle
3.3. ReuseReuse
Do not Do not recyclerecycle … …
1. Automotive Product Containers 1. Automotive Product Containers Including: Including:
Motor Oil Bottles Motor Oil Bottles Anti-Freeze Containers Anti-Freeze Containers Gasoline and Oil Additive BottlesGasoline and Oil Additive Bottles
2. Brown Liquor Bottles 2. Brown Liquor Bottles
3. All Containers Marked With The 3. All Containers Marked With The Following Codes: Following Codes:
ACTIVITYACTIVITY
QUIZZESQUIZZES
1) Polymers are made up of many smaller 1) Polymers are made up of many smaller and identical repeating units called and identical repeating units called monomersmonomers
2) The monomers join together by bond2) The monomers join together by bondcovalentcovalent
3) The chemical process that join the 3) The chemical process that join the monomers together is calledmonomers together is called polymerizationpolymerization
QUIZZESQUIZZES
4) 2 types of polymerization:4) 2 types of polymerization:
a.a.b.b.
additionadditioncondensationcondensation
5) 2 types of polymers:5) 2 types of polymers:
a.a. b.b.
Natural polymerNatural polymerSynthetic polymerSynthetic polymer
QUIZZESQUIZZES
6) Types of synthetic polymers:6) Types of synthetic polymers:
Plastics, fibers, elastomersPlastics, fibers, elastomers
7) The impacts of synthetic 7) The impacts of synthetic polymers to the human and polymers to the human and environmentenvironment::Disposal problemsDisposal problems
Blockage of riversBlockage of rivers
diseasesdiseases
Harmful to animalsHarmful to animals
pollutionspollutions
Group activity!!Group activity!!
Good luck…!!!Good luck…!!!
Create a poster to give the Create a poster to give the awareness to the people in order to awareness to the people in order to preserve the environment from the preserve the environment from the synthetic polymers…synthetic polymers…You may add the impacts, the way to You may add the impacts, the way to dispose synthetic polymers or dispose synthetic polymers or whatever that you have learn to whatever that you have learn to make your poster more effective…make your poster more effective…
Example….Example….
STOP USING PLASTICS!!!STOP USING PLASTICS!!!
Post Lab QuestionPost Lab Question
1) How do you properly dispose synthetic 1) How do you properly dispose synthetic polymers to preserve the environment?polymers to preserve the environment?
PyrolisisPyrolisis
incenerationinceneration
Invent a Invent a biodegradeable biodegradeable synthetic synthetic polymerspolymers
reusereuse
recyclerecycle
Separate Separate synthetic synthetic polymers from polymers from other wastesother wastes
2) Why is it important to properly 2) Why is it important to properly dispose of synthetic polymers?dispose of synthetic polymers?
To reduce the disposal problemsTo reduce the disposal problems
To prevent the diseases caused by To prevent the diseases caused by synthetic polymers wastessynthetic polymers wastes
To prevent the pollutionsTo prevent the pollutions
To save the animals from being deadTo save the animals from being dead
3) State environmental disaster 3) State environmental disaster occurs due to improper disposal of occurs due to improper disposal of plastics.plastics.
Flash floodFlash flood
acid rainacid rain
4) Do you think the usage of biodegradable polymer should be expanded? Explain.
Yes.Yes.Harmless to environmentHarmless to environmentCan disposed easilyCan disposed easily
5) What are the factors that 5) What are the factors that hinders from using biodegradable hinders from using biodegradable polymers?polymers?CostlyCostly
Not so strongNot so strong
ConclusionConclusion
Proper disposal of synthetic Proper disposal of synthetic polymers is important in order to polymers is important in order to preserve the environment. This is preserve the environment. This is because synthetic polymers bring because synthetic polymers bring lot of bad effects to the human and lot of bad effects to the human and environment:environment:a) blockage of rivera) blockage of riverb) diseaseb) diseasec) pollutionc) pollution
There are ways to dispose There are ways to dispose synthetic polymers:synthetic polymers:
a) pyrolisisa) pyrolisis
b) incenerationb) inceneration
c) use biodegradable synthetic c) use biodegradable synthetic polymerspolymers
Good habits in disposing of Good habits in disposing of synthetic polymers:synthetic polymers:
a) recyclea) recycle
b) reuseb) reuse
c) separate synthetic polymers c) separate synthetic polymers from from the other wastesthe other wastes
referencesreferences
Hoong, L.T., Yi, M. T. & Hasnah Abu Samah. (2006). Hoong, L.T., Yi, M. T. & Hasnah Abu Samah. (2006). Science Form 5. Asia Galaxy Sdn. Bhd. Kuala Lumpur.Science Form 5. Asia Galaxy Sdn. Bhd. Kuala Lumpur.
Loh Wai Leng, Tan On Tin. (2006). Exploring Chemistry Loh Wai Leng, Tan On Tin. (2006). Exploring Chemistry Form 4. Oxford Fajar.Form 4. Oxford Fajar.
http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmachttp://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_polymer
http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/polymers.htmpolymers.htm
THANKTHANK
YOUYOU….!!!….!!!