PLASMA PROTEINSGLOBULINS

Prealbumin (transthyretin) Albumin Αlpha-1 Antitrypsin Α-1 Acid Glycoprotein Transport thyroxine&triiodothyronine Indicator of nutritional status

Highest concentration in the serum

Maintains colloid osmotic pressure of the IVF—resp for nearly 80% of this pressure

Neutralize trypsin-like enzymes that cause hydrolytic damage to structural protein

90% of the dreaction of serum proteins

Assoc w/ severe, degenerative, emphysematous pulmonary dss, juvenile hepatic cirrhosis

Inactivate progesterone Formation of certain

membranes&fibers in assoc w/ collagen

Decreased:inflammation&malignancy, hepatic damage

malnutrition, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, GI inflammation, renal dss

Increased:steroids, alcoholism, chronic renal failure

dehydration inflammatory reaction, pregnancy, contraceptive use

(-) acute phase reactant (-) acute phase reactant acute phase reactant acute phase reactantContinuation of GLOBULINS

Αlpha-1 Fetoprotein Α-2 Macroglobulin Haptoglobin Ceruloplasmin Protects the fetus from immunolytic

attack by its mother Modulates cell growth For dev’t of the female reproductive

system Screen fetuses: neural tube defects,

Down’s syndrome

Protease inhibitor Α-2 glycoprotein Transport free Hgb in the

plasma to the RES where Hgb is degraded

Copper containing α-2 globulin

Decreased: hemolytic anemias, megaloblastic anemia, sickle cell anemia

Wilson’s dss (hepatoenticular degeneration), malnutrition, chronic hepatitis

Increased: hemolytic dss of the newborn (HDN), presence of twin pregnancy

diabetes, liver dss, use of contraceptive medications, pregnancy

Tumor marker: hepatocellular carcinoma

Acute phase protein—infection, neoplasia, trauma, MI

acute phase reactant

Hemopexin Transferrin C-Reactive Protein Fibrinogen Beta-1 globulin Transport protein that bind free

heme after hemoglobin has been catabolized to its component parts

Beta glycoprotein-funx’ns as iron transport protein

Involved with the immune system Plays a role in complement

activation

1 of the larges proteins in blood plasma

Form a fibrin clot when activated by thrombin (clottable protein)

Decreased: liver disease, malnutrition, nephritic syndrome

Increased: infections, tissue damage or necrosis(-) acute phase protein—dec in inflammation

acute phase protein (most sensitive)

acute phase protein; glycoprotein

All plasma proteins are synthesized in the liver except: Immunoglobulins Produced by plasma cells from B lymphocyte lineage in the bone marrow

IgG IgM IgA IgE Highest concentration in adults Capable of crossing the placenta Neutralize toxins, bind

antigens&activate complement

1st Ig to be produced during the immune response (primary response to an antigen)

1st Ig produced by the fetus during dev’t

Present in the respiratory&gastrointestinal mucosa, saliva, tears, sweat

Provides external surface protection against microorganisms

Formly bound to mast cells Associated w/

allergic&anaphylactic reactions

Increased:liver dss, infections, collagen dss

rubella, herpes, syphilis

Miscellaneous ProteinsMyoglobin Troponin

Heme protein found in striated skeletal and cardiac muscles Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-- seen within 1-3 hours of

onset, peak concentration in 5-12 hours Degree of elevation indicates the size of infarct Not cardiac specific

Consists of Troponin T,I and C Complex of proteins that bind to the filaments of striated muscle but

are not present in smooth muscle

Troponin I—highly specific for myocardial tissue; sensitive indicator of even minor amt of cardiac necrosis

TnI: 3-6 hours of onset; peak 14-20 hours

TnT: rise within 3-4 hours; peak 10-24 hours