processing wastes and waste-derived fuels containing brominated flame retardants
PLASMA PROCESSING OF URANIUN- CONTAINING SOLID FUELS
Transcript of PLASMA PROCESSING OF URANIUN- CONTAINING SOLID FUELS
PLASMA PROCESSING OF URANIUN-
CONTAINING SOLID FUELSV.E. Messerle
Combustion Problems Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan Institute of Thermophysics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
O.A. Lavrichshev, A.B. UstimenkoPlasmatechnics R&D LLP, Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics of
Kazakhstan National University, Almaty, KazakhstanE-mail: [email protected]
Generation of electricity in the world
1 – natural gas, 2 – nuclear power, 3 – hydroelectric, 4 – renewable energy sources, including waste,5 – coal, including lignite and shale,6 - oil fuel
2Key World Energy Statistics 2017: International Energy Agency.
THE MOTIVATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLASMA PROCESSING OF URANIUM-BEARING COAL
Balance reserves of coal in Kazakhstan – 33
billion tons
Uranium-bearing coal(0,06% U) -
14 billion tons
Plasma processing of uranium-bearing coal would increase the fuel base of the Republic of Kazakhstan by 42%, while the existing uranium base – fivefold, up to 5 million tons
The Economic Effect of plasma processing of
uranium-bearing coal will exceed $ 550 billion3
COMPREHINSIVE PLASMA PROCESSING OF COAL
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С+H2O=CO+H2
MenOm + C = nMe +mCO
МеnOm+2mC=MenCm+mCO
PLASMA U, UO, UO2, UO3
For computation of the solid fuels comprehensive processing thermodynamic code TERRA was used. The calculations were performed over a range of temperatures from 300 to 4000 K and pressure 0.1 MPa.
THERMODYNAMIC COMPUTATION
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Chemical analysis of SFs, Wt. % dry mass basis
С О Н N S Si Al Fe Ca Mg Ti K Na U
Nizhneilli brown coal (Kazakhstan), Аsh=12%, HHV=20,400 kJ/kg, Vdaf=39%
67.01 19.82 3.08 0.50 2.10 1.0 0.74 1.12 3.14 0.92 - 0.14 0.38 0.05
Dictyonema shale (Estonia), Аsh=88%, HHV=6,275 kJ/kg, Vdaf=50%
8.33 41.87 0.90 0.30 3.59 28.51 6.36 2.78 1.64 - 1.05 4.65 - 0.02
Temperature dependence of coal gasification degree at comprehensive processing of the brow coal (1, 3) and shale (2, 4) and specific power consumption for the processes
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The mixture composition is: 1, 2 – plasma pyrolysis of brown coal and shale, resp.3 – 100% of coal + 85% of steam4 – 100% of shale + 10% of steam
Temperature dependence of concentrations of components in gas phase at comprehensive processing of brown coal and shale
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100% of brown coal + 85% of steam 100% of shale + 10% of steam
Temperature dependence of concentrations of mineral components in condensed phase and Uranium containing components in gaseous
phase at complex processing of the brown coal10
100% of brown coal + 85% of steam
Temperature dependence of concentrations of mineral components in condensed phase and Uranium containing components in gaseous
phase at complex processing of the shale11
100% of shale + 10% of steam
plasma gasifier
Off-gas cooling section –heat exchanger
solid fuel dust hopper
Layout of Plasma Installation for Processing of Coal
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EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR FOR PLASMA GASIFICATION AND COMPREHENSIVE PROCESSING OF COAL
1 – rode graphite cathode; 2 – cathode insulator; 3 – water cooled cover;4 – electromagnetic coil; 5 – ring graphite anode; 6 – graphite orifice
Scheme of Plasma Reactor
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Plasmochemical installation
Material balance of the installation
G2+G3+G4+G5=G6+G1+G7, [kg/h]
Heat balance of the installation
Parc+P1=P2+P3+P4+P5+P6, [kW]
PLASMA GASIFICATION AND COMPLEX PROCESSING OF COAL
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0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 00
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
T, 0 C
τ , m in
2
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Temperature dependence of the reactor wall (1) and exiting gases (2) on duration of the experiment
PLASMA GASIFICATION AND COMPLEX PROCESSING OF COAL
RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS ON PLASMA PROCESSING FOR URANIUM EXTRACTING FROM COAL
Gf, kg/h Gsteam, kg/h Тav, К Qsp, kW h/kg XU, % XС, %
5.82 0 2900 6.87 48.0 56.28.40 0 2500 4.65 25.7 54.66.60 0.60 2700 5.55 78.6 66.44.33 0.40 3150 8.46 23.6 70.4
ComputationPyrolysis 2900 3.1 100 100
6.60 0.60 2700 2.23 100 100
INTEGRAL PARAMETERS OF URANIUM-BEARING SHALE PLASMA PROCESSING
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PLASMA STEAM GASIFICATION OF SHALE
Flame of syngas from uranium-bearing shale
Gas composition vol.%:CO = 35H2 = 51
CO2 = 10N2 = 4
NOx < 15 ppmSOx < 20 ppm
CONCLUSIONS• Thermodynamic analysis showed that the gaseous phase of the SF plasma pyrolysis and
steam gasification products consists, basically, of synthesis gas witha concentration of
up to 95.2 vol.% at 1,800 K. At this temperature, uranium-containing compounds
completely pass into the gas phase in the form of uranium oxides.
• Plasma-steam gasification of the shale allowed producing the synthesisgas yield of
86 %, the carbon gasification degree of 70.4%, and degree of uranium release to the
gaseous phase of 83.6%.
• The results of the research testify to the insensitivity of the plasma processing
technology to the quality of the SF used.
• The study showed that the integrated indices of plasma gasification of uranium-
containing SF are higher than those of plasma pyrolysis.