Plants 4-1, 4-2, 5-1, 5-3, (5-2). What is a plant?(4-1) Autotrophic Eukaryotic Multicellular ...
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Transcript of Plants 4-1, 4-2, 5-1, 5-3, (5-2). What is a plant?(4-1) Autotrophic Eukaryotic Multicellular ...
Plants
4-1, 4-2, 5-1, 5-3, (5-2)
What is a plant? (4-1)
Autotrophic Eukaryotic Multicellular Different structures Complex reproduction cycles
What structures do all plants have? Cell wall made from cellulose Chloroplasts containing chlorophyll Vacuole Cuticle: waxy waterproof layer that
covers the leaves and prevents water loss Other organelles….
Tissue Plants are multicellular Cells are organized into tissues, which are
groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism
Plants have vascular tissue
Vascular Tissue Vascular tissue: a
system of tube-like structures that that support a plant and allow water, food, and nutrients to run through it.
Light (4-2) Things that appear a certain color (blue)
reflect that color’s light rays (blue) and absorb the rest (ROYGIV)
White light is composed of ROYGBIV White reflects all colors Black absorbs all colors In order for an object to be seen, it MUST
reflect some light. Is a red shirt still red in the dark?
No, because color is the result of reflected light and if there is no light to be reflected, then there is no color.
Plants and Light Pigment: a chemical that produces color
and absorbs light What pigment do plants have the most of?
Chlorophyll What color is chlorophyll?
Green
Plants also have other pigments to help them absorb colors of light that chlorophyll can’t. These are called accessory pigments. Ex. Carotenoids, Xanthophylls
Photosynthesis Why do plants need light?
Light energy helps plants to make sugar (food) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. They do this during the process of photosynthesis.
light energy
carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen
light energy
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H1206 + 6 O2
Seed Plants (5-1) Seed plants are plants that:
Have vascular tissue Use seeds to reproduce
All have leaves, stems, and roots Complex life stages 2 types of seed plants
(Gymnosperns) Angiosperms-flowering plants
Vascular Tissue Xylem/Phloem Video Phloem: a type of vascular tissue that transports
food and larger nutrients throughout the plant Moves from leaves (source) to roots (sink)
Xylem: a type of vascular tissue that transports water and small nutrients throughout the plant Moves from roots to leaves
Xylem/Phloem
Leaves *Leaves carry out
photosynthesis for the plant*
Cuticle covers the surface Upper and lower cells
protect the leaf Towards the top, there is a
layer of cells that contain chloroplasts
Tubes/veins of xylem and phloem
Stomata (pores) on the underside of the leaf that, when open, allow CO2 in and O2 and H2O out
Transpiration Transpiration: when water evaporates
from a plant’s leaves How can plants prevent transpiration?
Close their stomata during hot weather Open their stomata only at night
Stems (p. 147) Functions:
Transports substances from the leaves to roots
Supports the plant Two types:
Herbaceous: soft (dandelion, lily)
Woody: Hard (maple tree, rose)
Outer layer of bark: protection
Cambium: divides to make new xylem and phloem (annual rings)
Annual Rings
Roots (p.149) Functions:
Anchor the plant Absorb nutrients and water
2 Types Tap root: Thick root that
grows deep in the soil Fibrous root: tangled
mass of roots Structure:
Root cap: tip of the root that contains dead cells
Under the root cap, dividing cells
Xylem, Phloem, Cambium, Root hairs
Plant Parts (p.157) Angiosperms are
plants that produce seeds that are enclosed in a fruit
Plant PartsFEMALE PARTS Pistils: contains the
female reproductive parts Stigma: the tip of the
pistil Style: the slender tube Ovary: protective
vessel where the seed develops
Ovule: contains the egg cell
MALE PARTS Stamen: contains the
male reproductive parts Filament: The thin
stalk that makes up the stamen
Anther: Where pollen is produced
Pollen: where sperm cells are located
Neither Male nor Female Flower: Reproductive structure of an
angiosperm Petals: colorful, leaf-like structures of a
flower Sepals: leaf-like structure that encloses
the bud of the flower Plant Part Quiz
Life cycle of an Angiosperm (p.159)
Life cycle of an Angiosperm Anther produces pollen, where sperm cells are
located. The egg cell is produced in the ovule, which is inside the ovary.
Pollen gets transported to the sticky stigma. Pollen grain makes a pollen tube and the
sperm travels downwards through the pollen tube towards the ovule. The sperm and egg join during fertilization.
Ovule develops into a seed, seed coat, and stored food. The fertilized egg (zygote) becomes the seed’s embryo.
Ovary develops into a fruit that encloses the seeds.
The seeds will grow into new plants.
Seeds (p. 143) Seed: structure that contains a young plant
inside Has 3 major structures:
Embryo Cotyledon: stores the food
Monocot: 1 cotyledon (corn) Dicot: 2 cotyledons (bean)
Seed coat: protects the embryo and food from dying out
1. Disperal: spread of seeds through wind, water, animals
2. Germination: early growth of an embryo where it uses stored food to sprout roots
Plant Life Cycle (4-1) Sporophyte: plant
that produces spores Gamete: sperm and
egg cells Gametophyte: plant
that produces gametes
Zygote: fertilized egg cell
Fertilization: when a sperm and egg cell unite
1. Gametes (sperm and egg) join to form a zygote
2. Zygote develops into a sporophyte
3. Sporophyte produces spores
4. Spores develop into gametophytes
5. Gametophytes produce gametes
Life Cycle