Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE) Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an...
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![Page 1: Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE) Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context Profound advances in understanding ecology.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649cb45503460f94977bc3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE)
Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context
Profound advances in understanding ecology of both viruses and higher organisms
![Page 2: Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE) Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context Profound advances in understanding ecology.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649cb45503460f94977bc3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PVBE Team
Marilyn RoossinckMichael PalmerRick NelsonBruce RoeKay ScheetsAdam ZlotnickJonathan WrenJeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz
Kelly CravenAndrew DoustOlga BlinkovaTracy FeldmanByoung Eun MinNikki Charlton
Vijay MuthukumarVeenita GroverVaskar ThapaGraham WileyDevinka Bamunusinghe
Guoan ShenJudy ZhangYan SongShashank Bhide
And many others: Marlee Pierce, Dan McGlinn, Fumiko Shirakura, Peter Earls, Hua Weng, Tao Ding, Drew Porter, Will Heise, Minh Ngo, Jennifer Hackett, Alexandra Kondos, Tsuyoshi Asako, Will Lowry, Zach Gales, Arron (Faculty, Postdoctorals, Graduate Students, Staff, Undergraduate Students)
![Page 3: Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE) Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context Profound advances in understanding ecology.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649cb45503460f94977bc3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PVBE Overview
•Plants harbor complex microbial worlds.
•Metagenomics leads to
identification of novel viruses.
•Metagenomics provides insights into virus-
plant interactions in ecosystems.
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Plant Microbial World: Overview
•Plant-Lichen-Fungus-Virus
•Plant-Plant-Fungus-Virus
•Plant-Fungi & Plant-Bacteria
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Plant Microbial World: Lichens
Olga Blinkova
Lichen ---> Total N.A. ---> dsRNA
5'
5'
3'
5'3'
3'5'
Phenol:Chloroform
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Plant Microbial World: dsRNA5'3'
3'5'
dsRNA
5'
3'
3'
5'
5'CCTTCGGATCCTCC
5'CCTTCGGATCCTCCNNNNNN NNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNCCTCCTAGGCTTCC5'
CCTCCTAGGCTTCC5'
5' 3'CCTCCTAGGCTTCC5'
NNNNNN
3' 5'
5'CCTTCGGATCCTCCNNNNNN
Melt and anneal with RandomHexPrimer
RT ReactionAdd RT enzyme anddNTPs
RNase treatment, remove primersFirst PCR cycle
GGAGGATCCGAAGG3'CCTCCTAGGCTTCC5'
5'CCTTCGGATCCTCC3'GGAAGCCTAGGAGG
PCR amplification with tagged primer5'TGGACCTTCGGATCCTCC
M. Roossinck Guoan Shen
![Page 7: Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE) Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context Profound advances in understanding ecology.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649cb45503460f94977bc3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Plant Microbial World: Lichen Viruses
Olga Blinkova
First report of evidence of lichen viruses!
Yan Song
http://bioinfosu.okstate.edu/pvbe/pvlist.php
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Plant Microbial World: Dodder
•Parasitic plant
•Fungi isolated from host and parasite: Alternaria, Stemphylium
•dsRNA approach used on cultures of these fungi
Tracy Feldman
![Page 9: Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE) Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context Profound advances in understanding ecology.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649cb45503460f94977bc3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Plant Microbial World: Dodder
•14% of fungi isolated (from both plants) have viruses
•Viruses tentatively detected (sequence fragments):
•Endornaviridae (4), •Totiviridae (3), •Astroviridae (1), •Chrysoviridae (2), •Hypoviridae (1), •Narnaviridae (1), •Partitiviridae (1)
Tracy Feldman
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Plant Microbial World: Plant VNA
Mike Palmer, Vaskar Thapa
Also: Dan McGlinn, Fumiko Shirakura and others
Judy Zhang
ViralNucleic Acid (VNA)
Degenerate
Primers
PCR products
Vijay Muthukumar
1 kb
+
Pla
nt
295
Pla
nt
248
Pla
nt
162
Pla
nt
289
Pla
nt
296
Neg
. co
ntr
ol
Minh NgoTao (Colin) Ding
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Plant Microbial World: ComplexityPercent of Reads by "Organism"
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
vijay1
vijay12
vijay13
vijay15
vijay17
vijay18
vijay2
vijay20
vijay21
vijay22
vijay23
vijay24
vijay27
vijay3
vijay35
vijay4
vijay45
vijay47
vijay5
vijay57
vijay59
Sample
Perc
en
t o
f To
tal Virus
Unclear
Plant
Fungus
Bacteria
Other
Animalia
Graham Wiley Bruce Roe
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Plant Microbial World: Bacteria & Fungi
Asclepias viridisRuellia humilisAsplenium rhizophyllumDichanthelium oligosanthesSedum nutallianumChara globularisPanicum virgatum
•Scattered species•Single specimens•16S rDNA major; 23S rDNA also•Two major kinds:
•Burkholderia cepacia complex•Escherichia
•Frequently co-associated
Jennifer Hackett
•Less frequent among reads
•Largest in one Panicum
•rDNA predominates also
•small subunit: Pycnoporus sp.
•large subunit: Donkioporia expansa
Alexandra Kondos
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Plant Microbial World: Conclusion
Russian Doll Model of Life
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Metagenomics Overview
Approaches:
•Lawn mower
•Asclepias asymptomatic virus 1
•Other virus signatures identified
•Challenges
•Titer
•Distant relationship
•Unrelated to known groups
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Metagenomics: Lawn Mowing
Baptisia australisCeanothus americanusCroton monanthogynusElymus virginicusLespedeza procumbensMonarda fistulosaPhysalis pumilaSporobolus compositus
Olga Blinkova Jennifer Hackett
ViralNucleic Acid (VNA)
Degenerate
Primers
PCR products
Clipped 30 cm x 30 cm
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Metagenomics: Carmovirus
Known Carmovirus
TGP Carmovirus sequences
•Which plant? Which plants?
•Single plant species or multiple?
•One segment / one subsample: statistically non-similar
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Metagenomics: Tymovirus?
Known TymovirusAsc. Asym Virus TGP1
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Metagenomics: Tymovirus!
30 nm Particles Adam Zlotnick
Neighbor Joining Tree
351
307
337248-2
248-1
896578
294
1000
Infectivity:•Nicotiana benthamiana•Chenopodium amaranthicolor
Byoung Eun Min, Rick Nelson
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Metagenomics: Classification
0.1
9625564
9627246
18450268
905
27228718
17.89
916
946
15029533
18450258
27819377
986
589
62327614
882
Taro bacilliform virus
TPP Badnavirus
05TGP00321 05TGP00321 05TGP00312
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Metagenomics: Pyrosequencing
Graham Wiley Bruce Roe
GGAGGATCCGAAGG3'CCTCCTAGGCTTCC5'
5'CCTTCGGATCCTCC3'GGAAGCCTAGGAGG
PCR amplification with tagged primer5'TGGACCTTCGGATCCTCC
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Metagenomics: Pyrosequencing Viruses
Plant species Viral Genus
Asclepias viridis Tymovirus
Ophioglossum engelmannii Retrovirus
Oxalis violacea Tymovirus
Vitis sp. Oryzavirus
Vitis sp. Cypovirus
Viola bicolor Cryptovirus
Viola bicolor Partitivirus
Baptisia australis Totivirus
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Metagenomics: ProblemsReads
Virus Total•Varying titers
•Distantly related viruses
•Unrelated viruses•High titer•Low titer
Adam Zlotnick
Vijay Muthukumar
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Ecosystems: Metagenomics Insights
•Strategies
•Frequent
•Novel
•Community
•Benign
•Specialist
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Ecosystems: Microarray Application?
Veenita Grover,Soon also Teecie West
Virus Signature Hybridization
•Oligodeoxynucleotides
•Genus specific
•Short (20-25 nt)
•3’ T-Tailed
•Degenerate and non-degenerate
•Targets
•Fluorescently tagged
•Amplified from sample nucleic acid
Reverse approach?
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Ecosystems: Viruses Frequent
No. Species
42 Asclepias viridis
12 Ambrosia psilostachya
31 Panicum virgatum
6 Ruellia humilis
19 Sorghastrum nutans
10 Vernonia baldwinii
269 All (144)
Yes No
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Ecosystems: Viruses Frequent
VNA Sequences to date 22
Plants with virus 18
Plants with virus (non-retro) 11
Plant viruses 7
Fungal viruses 1
Overall % Plants with non-retro viruses 26%
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Ecosystems: Viruses Novel
Jonathan Wren
•“Novel” viruses by VLP-VNA = 8
•“Novel” viruses by 454 and/or dsRNA = 11
•“Known” viruses by either method = 0
•Supports prediction
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Ecosystems: Viral Complexity
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Ecosystems: Virus “Specialists”?
Generalist Specialist
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Ecosystems: Viruses Benign
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Ecosystems: Metagenomics Insights
•Strategies
•Frequent
•Novel
•Community
•Specialist
•Benign
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Summary
•Plants host a complex microbial world.
•Viruses are not inherently pathogens.
•There are many fold more viruses than we know about now.
The future: Plant Virus Ecology. Join the Research Coordination Network!
![Page 33: Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE) Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context Profound advances in understanding ecology.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649cb45503460f94977bc3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
PVBE Team
Marilyn RoossinckMichael PalmerRick NelsonBruce RoeKay ScheetsAdam ZlotnickJonathan WrenJeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz
Kelly CravenAndrew DoustOlga BlinkovaTracy FeldmanByoung Eun MinNikki Charlton
Vijay MuthukumarVeenita GroverVaskar ThapaGraham WileyDevinka Bamunusinghe
Guoan ShenJudy ZhangYan SongShashank Bhide
And many others: Marlee Pierce, Dan McGlinn, Fumiko Shirakura, Peter Earls, Hua Weng, Tao Ding, Drew Porter, Will Heise, Minh Ngo, Jennifer Hackett, Alexandra Kondos, Tsuyoshi Asako, Will Lowry (Faculty, Postdoctorals, Graduate Students, Staff, Undergraduate Students)
![Page 34: Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE) Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context Profound advances in understanding ecology.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649cb45503460f94977bc3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Virus PlayersAsclepias tymovirus
Asclepias comovirus
Ambrosia potexvirus
Ambrosia badnavirus
Ambrosia endornavirus
Panicum unclass. Closteroviridae
Carmovirus (Origin unk.)
Asplenium chrysovirus
Cladonia mitovirus
Cladonia chrysovirus
Oxalis tymovirus
Vitis oryzavirus
Vitis cypovirus
Viola cryptovirus
Viola partitivirus
Baptisia totivirus
Alternaria endornavirus
Alternaria hypovirus
Stemphylium totivirus