Plant

Ms.Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department, MahidolWittayanusorn School 1

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4015379/13/images/61/Figure+2.4+The+Three+Domains+and+Six+Kingdoms+of+Life.jpg

Phylogeny

2

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/26lecturepresentation-160421154400/95/biology-in-focus-chapter-26-15-638.jpg?cb=1461253470

Phylogeny

3

What is a plant?

http://lh5.ggpht.com/-wyGyXlci-MM/Ujqxjt8UHWI/AAAAAAAACHA/85C6ARxNUu8/image%25255B35%25255D.png?imgmax=800 https://i0.wp.com/www.odec.ca/projects/2011/jiana2/parts%20of%20a%20plant.jpg 6

What are the difference?

GREEN ALGAE vs PLANT

What are the same?

http://weeds.hotmeal.net/weeds/Hydrilla_Verticillata.jpg http://www.scientificillustrator.com/art/botanical/chara.jpg

Chala Hydrilla

7

8 https://learning.uonbi.ac.ke/courses/SBT403/scormPackages/path_2/PI.6.JPG

Embryo & Walled spores

https://www.easynotecards.com/uploads/456/72/_45839f3a_161affabb6b__8000_00001054.png

9 http://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/apical-growth_med.jpeg

Apical Meristems

http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch29/29_05Gamet.jpg 10

Multicellular Gametangia

Alternation of Generation

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/16labman05/lb3pg6_files/image002.jpg http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/BotanicalSciences/ClassificationPlants/Cryptogamia/Bryophyta/NonvascularPlants/lifecycle.gif

Haploid

Diploid 11

Plant Pigments : Pigment for Energy

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/pigment.gif http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/images/ch9chloroplast.jpg

12

Taxonomic Group Photosynthetic Pigments

Cyanobacteria chlorophyll a, chlorphyll c, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin

Chloroxybacteria chlorophyll a, chlorphyll b

Green Algae (Chlorophyta) chlorophyll a, chlorphyll b, carotenoids

Red Algae (Rhodophyta) chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, phycobilins

Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) chlorophyll a, chlorphyll c, fucoxanthin and other carotenoids

Golden-brown Algae (Chrysophyta)

chlorophyll a, chlorphyll c, fucoxanthin and other carotenoids

Dinoflagellates (Pyrrhophyta)

chlorophyll a, chlorphyll c, peridinin and other carotenoids

Vascular Plants chlorophyll a, chlorphyll b, carotenoids 13

https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-05b20a699e1824ac11526a01e9b61899 https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-67c69ff49d12eb3483ecb8cae91b903f 14

Plant Response

Water and Moisture

http://www.sci.kmitnb.ac.th/sn/Media/Science/Cell/images/cell/5GUARDCELL.jpg http://virtualastronaut.tietronix.com/textonly/act25/images/hydrotropism.gif

Hydrotropism Guard cell

15

• Signal received : blue light • Pumping protons (H+) : loss of positive charge • Potassium ions (K+) enter the guard cell • The osmotic pressure in cell is rising : water enter the cell • Hydrostatic pressure increases : causes the shape of the guard cells to change and a pore is formed, allowing gas exchange.

16 https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1369526610001214-gr2.jpg

Plant Response

Phytochrome

Flowering http://www.biology.lsu.edu/webfac/dlongstreth/plphys/lectur107.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Plastids_types.svg/220px-Plastids_types.svg.png

Plastid development 19

Phototropism

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/tropism.gif http://virtualastronaut.tietronix.com/textonly/act25/images/phototropism.gif

20

http://www.geocities.com/carniv_plants/flytrap2.jpg

Carnivorous plants Sleeping grass

Plant and Vibration

http://202.29.77.139/articles/article84/images/pic02.jpg 22

Plant Communication

Colour Chemical

http://www.villageinfo.co.nz/images/bee_flower_2_free.jpg

http://www.maltawildplants.com/ORCH/Pics/OPHBO/T/OPHBO-Flower26.jpg 23

Plant Communication

http://www.wild-tracks.com/Giraff.JPG

VS

http://www.veeriku.tartu.ee/~ppensa/Acacia1.jpg

Tannin Tannin

Giraffe eat me!!!

24

Plant and Technology

Tissue

Plant

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/devel/c7.21.5.carrot.jpg http://www.cropsci.uiuc.edu/classes/cpsc112/images/PGR/Callus.jpg

Cell

Callus

25

Generate, Differentiate, Dedifferentiate

CLONING TECHNOLOGY

STEM CELL

26

Period of the Ancients 300 BC - 1500

http://www.malaspina.com/jpg/theophrastus.jpg

Plant Taxonomy

Period of the Herbalists 1500-1580

Perfecti and Imperfecti

Period of Mechanical Systems 1580-1760

http://obits.eons.com/obits/tributes/carolus_linnaeus/11110-1-photo.jpg

Pollen Theophrastus

C. Linnaeus 27

Period of Natural System 760-1880

Period of Phylogenic System 1880-2000

http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/libr/finding_guide/images/cronqst.jpg

Arthur Cronquist

Subkingdom Thallobionta

Subkingdom Embryobionta

28

https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F2047-217X-3-15/MediaObjects/13742_2014_Article_68_Fig1_HTML.jpg

Nowadays (2018)

29

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5067210/16/images/15/Plant+Phylogeny.jpg 30

31 http://www.hammiverse.com/lectures/35/images/1-1.png

35 https://slideplayer.com/slide/13104212/79/images/10/Table+29.+1+Table+29.1+Ten+Phyla+of+Extant+Plants+1+%EF%81%ADm.jpg

10 phyla of extant plants (Campbell 11th ed.)

Monilophyta Monilophyte

Non vascular system

No lignified tissues

Protonema like green algae

http://web.grcc.edu/biosci/pictdata/bi103/461-h.jpg

Moss protonema

Non Vascular Plants

http://gallery.criticalmoss.net/cache/moss_Moss.png_400.jpg 36 https://tentativeplantscientist.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/moss-liverwort-hornwort.png

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/BotanicalSciences/ClassificationPlants/Cryptogamia/Bryophyta/NonvascularPlants/NonvascularPlants.htm

Gametophyte Sporophyte

Archaegonium

Antheridium

37

http://hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za/phylogeny/bioCycles/images/moss_cycle.gif 38

http://www.aquamoss.net/images/Moss-Sporophyte-02.jpg http://www.nccpg.com/Images/MH23.gif

Phylloid

Cauloid

Rhizoid

39

Moss -> Peat

Sulfurdioxide sensitive -> Air pollution detector

Agriculture

http://www.palmco.co.kr/pro5.jpg

http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/victorygarden/images/victorygardens/othergardens/gardenwoods/green_moss_lg_2.jpg?Log=0 40

Phylum Hepatophyta

Liverworts : Liver + wort (herb)

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/878/20239114.JPG http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/porella_cordaeana.jpg

Thallus Leafy

Dichotomous Branching

41

Gametophyte

Sporophyte

http://www.backyardnature.net/liverwrt.jpg https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gwColENiCJ4/WfCVv_XlSQI/AAAAAAAAkd0/h4Yh4h0R9A0jh4C2JA_4lFhvzhM_6U7FACLcBGAs/s1600/Liverworts.jpg https://www.google.co.th/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi3nKLNiJbcAhWHpo8KHThADE4QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpestid.msu.edu%2Fweeds-and-plant-identification%2Fliverworts-division-bryophyta%2F&psig=AOvVaw2yIRXh8tWD2PoyNrsjDD1L&ust=1531364506005935

42

Antheridiophores Archegoniophores http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Bryoph/%20BryoINDX1.htm

43 http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/liverwort_sporophytes.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Liverwort_life_cycle.jpg 45

Phylum Bryophyta

http://www2.auckland.ac.nz/info/schools/nzplants/images/moss/moss_major_parts1.jpg

Leafy shoot 46

http://www7.ocn.ne.jp/~hattorib/moss025.jpg

Living

die

Photosynthesis

Water Storage

Moss cell

47

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/29-16-PolytrichumLifeCyc-L3.gif http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/regions/pacificnorthwest/ToolboxMeadow/ images/sphagnum_squarrosum_lg.jpg

48

Phylum Anthocerophyta

Hornworts

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bryophytes/Anthocerophyta/ Hornwort_w_sporophytes.low.jpg

Anthoceros

Archegonium embed in Gametophyte

One chloroplast/cell

Pyrenoid

49

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Hornwort_life_cycle.svg 50

http://home.manhattan.edu/~frances.cardillo/plants/nonvas/antho1.gif http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bryophytes/Anthocerophyta/Anthoceros.low.jpg

52

53 http://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/images2/hornwort5b.jpg

Seedless Vascular Plant

Vascular system

Ligninified tissue

http://www.ccrc.uga.edu/~mao/intro/Secwall.gif

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=8703&rendTypeId=4 54

56

Phylum Lycophytes

https://sites.google.com/site/paleoplant/_/rsrc/1460075633159/home-1/embryophytes/polysporangiophytes/rhyniophytes/eutracheophyte/lycophytes/Lycophytes.jpg

Club mosses, Spike mosses, Quillworts

Vascular

Root Stem Leave

Sporophyte Gametophyte 58

Phylum Lycophytes

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/IB181/VPL/Lyco/LycoD/LycoD6.gif http://www.biologydiscussion.com/botany/pteridophyta/selaginella-habitat-features-and-reproduction/46084 http://cdn.biologydiscussion.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/clip_image014_thumb-27.jpg

59 https://tanapolnik.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/lycopodium.jpg https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140809234135-phpapp02/95/-22-638.jpg?cb=1407627916

60 https://i.ytimg.com/vi/j9Gi9SDf24Q/maxresdefault.jpg

Lycopodium

Microphyll

Sporophyll

Strobilus

http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Bilder-G-O/Lycopodium-annotinum-2.jpg http://www.kingsnake.com/westindian/lycopodiumsp1.JPG

Homospore

Gametophyte + Mycorhiza

Sporophyte

61

62 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/lycophyta/lycostrob.jpg

http://www.mygarden.me.uk/Selaginella%20braunii.jpg http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/cusb/abernier/Plantes/selaginella.jpg

Selaginella

Heterospore

64

65 http://studydroid.com/imageCards/0c/g8/card-13116315-back.jpg http://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/images/selagi1d.jpg

http://www.palaeos.com/Plants/Lists/Glossary/Images/SelaginellaCycle.gif 67

68

Phylum Monilophytes

https://sites.google.com/site/botany317/_/rsrc/1462384285778/session-2/eukaryotes/plants/embryophytes/session-5/Pteridophytes.jpg

Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns

Fern

69 http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/sites/default/files/2016-10/wood_fern_02_1.jpg

Black tree fern

http://shop.windyridgegardencentre.ie/images/products/Acers/dicksonia1.jpg

Dicksonia https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/61EfnNDs2HL.jpg

Aquatic fern

Terrestrial fern

http://www.nathankramer.com/garden/plants/ferns/fern_christmas.jpg

Salvinia

Azolla

X-mas fern

70

https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/JbIAAOSwAL9Uf7aD/s-l300.jpg

https://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/plants/images/salvinia/holding1_cropped.JPG

Cibotium sp.

http://www.doa.go.th/pl_data/03_REGULATION/Seed/Cites/pic%20thaiplant /cibotium%20barometz.jpg

Medical Eatable

http://members.lycos.nl/afun210457/images/drijfplanten/marsilia%20mutica.jpg

Marsilia sp.

71

http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/art0048.jpg

Adventitious Root

Rhizome

Frond

http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/~stueber/lindman/499.jpg 72

http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y185/suvadee_s/work/-51.jpg

Circinate vernation

http://sparkleberrysprings.com/v-web/b2/images/ferns/ferncircvern.jpg http://www.eske-style.co.nz/images/Punga%20Frond.jpg

74

https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/media/?i=10484440&w=520

Reproduction

Asplenium rhizophllum Walking fern 75

https://img.etsystatic.com/il/892634/1432595379/il_570xN.1432595379_c5u4.jpg?version=1 http://www.nana-bio.com/e-learning/biodiversity/biodiversityPlant11/09.png

Sporangia : Sori

Abaxial surface

Sporocarp

76

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72159&rendTypeId=35

spore

protonema

gametophyte

77

http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/art0058.jpg

Horse Tail

Segment

Silica

Whorled

Homospore

78

http://vltk.vuichoi.info/071108-1940-3745e805.jpg http://www.missouriplants.com/Ferns/Equisetum_hymenale_plant.jpg

79

80 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/psi_nud_mid.jpg

Psilotum

Tmesipteris

80

Whisk fern

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/BotanicalSciences/ClassificationPlants/Cryptogamia /Bryophyta/NonvascularPlants/NonvascularPlants.htm

Vascular

Only Stem

Rhizoid Scale leave

Dichotomous branching protostele

81

Sporangia : Homospore

Sporophyte Gametophyte

synangium

82

Gametophyte

archegonium antheridium

83

85 http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/images/lifecycles/Psilotum-lifecycle-685px_eng.png

88

Gymnosperms Ginkgo, Cycads, Gnetophytes, Conifers

Seed Plant

http://talk2bio.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/gymnosperm-284x350.jpg

http://www.cirrusimage.com/Trees/ginkgo_tree_med.jpg http://www.rosevilletrees.org/trees/images/ginkgo.jpg

Phylum Ginkgophyta

89

http://www.herbs.org/greenpapers/ginkgo.jpg http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/treatmts/antiox/f_k01ginkgo.jpg

Bifid 90

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/GinkgoLGR.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Ginkgo_biloba_Inflorescences.jpg

Male strobilus Seed

Dioecious

91

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/903/718172.JPG http://www.pacsoa.org.au/cycads/Cycas/siamensis1.jpg)

C. circinalis C. siamensis

Phylum Cycadophyta

92

http://www.pacsoa.org.au/cycads/Cycas/revoluta04.jpg http://www.botany.uga.edu/images/greenhouses/cycad53.jpg

Male cone Female cone

93

Gnetum gnemon L.

http://www.botanik.uni-karlsruhe.de/garten/fotos-knoch/Gnetum%20gnemon1.jpg

<< Ephedra

Welwitschia >> http://www.biolib.cz/IMG/GAL/18227.jpg http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/photos/bilek/ephedra-0134.jpg 94

Phylum Gnetophyta

95 http://puechkaset.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%871.jpg https://www.caherbal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87-%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87.jpg

http://www.flowersociety.org/images/Essences/Research/Redwood/redwood-trunk.jpg

Pine Spruce

Fir Cedar

Juniper Larch

Hemlock Cypress

Yew Redwood 96

Phylum Coniferophyta

http://www.hort.wisc.edu/mastergardener/Features/woodies/larch/larch-seasons.jpg

Colour changing

97

http://www.science.siu.edu/landplants/Coniferophyta/images/Pine.needles.JPEG http://www.billcasselman.com/yew.jpg

98

Monoecious http://web.gccaz.edu/~lsola/NonFlwr/conif105.htm

99

http://hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za/phylogeny/bioCycles/images/pine-cycle.gif

Pine life cycle

100

101

Angiosperms Phylum Anthophyta : Flowering Plant

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4JDgBdk1zGw/hqdefault.jpg

104 https://sites.google.com/site/plantstructurebhannan/_/rsrc/1472877407632/monocot-and-dicot/mono-dicot.jpg

105 http://courses.botany.wisc.edu/botany_400/images/lectureImages/AngiospermAPGII.jpg

http://cyberlab.lh1.ku.ac.th/elearn/faculty/fisher/fi15/web/images/tmp/stems%20model.jpg 107

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72162&rendTypeId=35 108

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/flcycle.gif 109