Plant Structures and Functions Ms. Russell. Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves,...
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Transcript of Plant Structures and Functions Ms. Russell. Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves,...
Plant Structures and Functions
Ms. Russell
Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves, flowers and roots
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Vegetative
Reproductive
Leaves and their Functions
• Photosynthesis– Light is intercepted and
plant sugars are manufactured
– Large flattened surface for maximum absorption of light energy
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Vein
Midrib
Petiole
Stem
Stipule
provide support for the leaf and transport both water and minerals (via xylem) and food energy (via phloem) through the leaf and on to the rest of the plant.
the central rib of a leaf - it is usually continuous with the petiole.
a leaf stalk; it attaches the leaf to the plant.
(also called the axis) the main support of the plant.the small, paired appendages (sometimes
leaf-life) that are found at the base of the petiole of leaves of many flowering plants.
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parallel
pinnate
palmate
Leaves have unique structures, called veins, that transports liquids and nutrients to leaf cells.
The veins run the same way, like cane plants
Veins diverge together like fingers on a hand going to the palm
There is a main nerve (the midrib) from where all the other nerves derive, like a plume.
Has undivided blades
Has fragmented blades with divisions reaching the midrib
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opposite
alternate
whorled
Two per node, facing opposite sides of them.
Springing one leaf per node at different levels of the node
Several leaves at the same level
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linear
lanceolate
ovate
Spear shaped.
Egg shaped
Cordate-heart shaped
Obovate
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entire
crenate
dentate
sinuate
serrate
lobed
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FunctionsFunctions• Support leaves and buds,
branches and reproductive structures
• Conduits for transporting water, minerals and manufactured food
• Some are modified for storage
Monocot vs. Dicot• Monocots - flower parts in
multiples of 3
• Dicots - flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
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Two cotyledons (seed leaves)Two cotyledons (seed leaves)
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One cotyledon (seed leaf)
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node
internode
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StolonStolon Horizontal stem growing on
soil surface(strawberry plant)
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TuberTuber
Enlarged portion of underground stem
(potato plant)
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FunctionsFunctions
• Anchors plant• Nutrient and water
absorption• Food storage• Two basic root systems:
1. fibrous root 2. tap root
fibrous root
tap root
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FunctionsFunctions
ReproductionAttract pollinators
Reproductive Structures• Stamen–Anther - produces the pollen–Filament - stalk which supports
the anther
Reproductive Structures cont…
• Pistil–Stigma - has sticky surface to
capture pollen–Style - tube-like; connects stigma
with the ovary–Ovary - contains the ovules
• Groups of flowers–Complete flower - has all four
major parts (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils).–Incomplete flower - lack one or
more of the major parts–Perfect flower – contains both
stamens and pistils
• Groups of flowers–Complete flower - has all four
major parts (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils).–Incomplete flower - lack one or
more of the major parts–Perfect flower – contains both
stamens and pistils
Pollination and Fertilization• Pollination - when a pollinator
transfers pollen grains from anther to stigma• Fertilization - when pollen fuses
with the egg cell• VIDEO: http://www.unitedstreaming.com– Keyword: Pollen Trip; Title: The Pollen Trip
Influence on Flower Formation
• Photoperiodism - growth response of a plant to the length of day• Vernalization - process by which floral
induction in some plants is promoted by exposing the plants to cool temperatures for a certain length of time
• Phytochrome - pigment in cytoplasm of green plants; associated with the absorption of light that affects growth, development, and differentiation including flowering of a plant, independent of photosynthesis• Anthesis - release of pollen from the
anther
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solitary
raceme
spike
umbel
corymb
head
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• Mature ovaryMature ovary• Seeds are ovulesSeeds are ovules• Ovary wall may be Ovary wall may be
fleshyfleshy• Example fruit typesExample fruit types
• pomepome• podpod
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• Matured ovule• Parts
• seed coat – protective coating• embryo – miniature plant• endosperm – food storage organ
embryo area
endosperm
seed coat
1. What is the difference between a dicot and monocot?
2. What is photosynthesis?3. There are 3 types of leaf venation what is
one and what does it mean?4. What are 2 female parts and 2 male parts?5. What is the difference between a complete
flower and incomplete flower?