Plant Structure & FunctionPlant Structure & Function

Ms. WilliamsBiology

Ms. WilliamsBiology

Plant Tissue SystemsPlant Tissue Systems

Dermal Tissue - covers the outside of the plant and protects it; outermost layer

Ground Tissue - provides support and stores material in roots and stems; middle layer

Dermal Tissue - covers the outside of the plant and protects it; outermost layer

Ground Tissue - provides support and stores material in roots and stems; middle layer

Plant Tissue SystemsPlant Tissue Systems

Vascular Tissue - transports water, mineral nutrients and organic compounds to all parts of the plant; surrounded by ground tissue

Vascular Tissue - transports water, mineral nutrients and organic compounds to all parts of the plant; surrounded by ground tissue

Two types of vascular tissue

Two types of vascular tissue

Xylem - carries water and dissolved materials up the plant from the roots

Phloem - carries sugars from photosynthesis down from the leaves

Xylem - carries water and dissolved materials up the plant from the roots

Phloem - carries sugars from photosynthesis down from the leaves

Xylem & Phloem in a StemXylem & Phloem in a Stem

RootsRoots

Anchor the plant into the soilAbsorbs water and minerals from

the soil; this is done through a process called osmosis

Anchor the plant into the soilAbsorbs water and minerals from

the soil; this is done through a process called osmosis

RootsRoots

Parts of rootsVascular cylinder - the center of the

root, made of xylem and phloemRoot hairs - increase the surface area

of a rootRoot cap - protects the tip of rootMeristem - area of active cell growth

Parts of rootsVascular cylinder - the center of the

root, made of xylem and phloemRoot hairs - increase the surface area

of a rootRoot cap - protects the tip of rootMeristem - area of active cell growth

RootsRoots

Types of rootsFibrous roots - roots make fine

branches in which most of the roots are the same size

Taproot - have a long, thick, vertical root with smaller branchesThese can sometimes store food

Types of rootsFibrous roots - roots make fine

branches in which most of the roots are the same size

Taproot - have a long, thick, vertical root with smaller branchesThese can sometimes store food

Types of RootsTypes of Roots

StemsStems

Support plantsTransport materials

Water moves up a stem through a process called capillary action

Sugars move down a stem through a process called translocation

Support plantsTransport materials

Water moves up a stem through a process called capillary action

Sugars move down a stem through a process called translocation

StemsStems

Provide storageSome stems grow underground,

like potatoes

Provide storageSome stems grow underground,

like potatoes

StemsStems

Stems can grow 2 different waysPrimary growth - lengthens roots &

stemsSecondary growth - widens roots and

stemsThis is how you get tree rings, which tell

you the age of a tree

Stems can grow 2 different waysPrimary growth - lengthens roots &

stemsSecondary growth - widens roots and

stemsThis is how you get tree rings, which tell

you the age of a tree

LeavesLeaves

Contain chloroplasts which are the chlorophyll containing organelles used in photosynthesis

The blade is usually broad and flat and it collects the sunlight for the plant

The petiole connects the blade to the stem

Contain chloroplasts which are the chlorophyll containing organelles used in photosynthesis

The blade is usually broad and flat and it collects the sunlight for the plant

The petiole connects the blade to the stem

LeavesLeaves

The xylem and phloem make up the veins in a leaf

The xylem and phloem make up the veins in a leaf

LeavesLeaves

The upper part of the leaf is where photosynthesis takes place

The underside of the leaf has stomata and is the site of transpiration and gas exchange

Stomata are pores on the underside of the leaf that are surrounded by guard cells

The upper part of the leaf is where photosynthesis takes place

The underside of the leaf has stomata and is the site of transpiration and gas exchange

Stomata are pores on the underside of the leaf that are surrounded by guard cells

Stomata & guard cellsStomata & guard cells

LeavesLeaves

More than 90% of the absorbed water into a plant is lost to the atmosphere as water vapor through the stomataThis process is known as transpiration

More than 90% of the absorbed water into a plant is lost to the atmosphere as water vapor through the stomataThis process is known as transpiration

TranspirationTranspiration