Pyramiding Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Tainung82 ...
Plant Genetic Resources to Create Novel Crop Varieties for...
Transcript of Plant Genetic Resources to Create Novel Crop Varieties for...
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Plant Genetic Resources to Create
Novel Crop Varieties for Global
Warming Adaptation and against
Population Increase
Tsukasa NAGAMINE
Research Supervisor of SATREPS
Japan Science and Technology Agency
FAPESP/JST Joint Workshop 2019
Biotechnologies for Efficient and Improved
Production of Food Crops and Bioenergy
Nov. 5th 2019
Contents
1. About SATREPS
2. Rice for global warming adaptation
3. Rice for high yield
4. Wheat for global warming adaptation
5. Wild wheat for high yield
6. Use of core collection
7. Improvement of active collection
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Science and Technology Research Partnership
for Sustainable Development
(SATREPS)
Global
issuesEnvironment
Food security
Natural disasters
Infectious diseases
Global
challenges
by science
and
technology
New knowledge
New technology
Innovation
Economic development
International collaborative research program
Aims of SATREPS
Expecting outcomes to make a real contribution to society
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1. Enhancing cooperation in science & technology
2. New technology, new knowledge, innovations
3. Capacity development
By utilization and implementation of research outcomes
International collaborative research
MOFA,
JICA
MEXT,JST
Collaboration
Competitiveresearch
fund
Technical cooperation
Japan Counterpart country
Research institutions
Research institutions
Researchpartnership
Structure of SATREPS program
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Research areas of SATREPS
4 fields 5 areas
1) Environment and Energy
・Global-scale Environmental Issues
・Low-carbon Society/Energy
2) Bioresource Utilization
3) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
4) Infectious Diseases Control
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In total (since 2008) : 145 projects with 51 countries:
Area Number of eligible countries Number of projects
Asia 14 countries 77 projects
Africa 21 countries 39 projects
Latin America/Caribbean 9 countries 21 projects
Other regions 7 countries 8 projects7
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SATREPS’s contribution for SDGs
17 goals and 169 targets
2015 UN General Assembly
Research contributing to sustainable production and
utilization of bioresources
Project goals
→ food security,
→ human health promotion,
→ nutrition improvement,
→ sustainable agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Research in Bioresource utilization
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World population
increase
Plant genetic
resources
International
research
collaboration
Global warming/Climate changes
Drought
tolerance
Heat tolerance
Pest and
disease
resistance
High yield
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SATREPS projects using plant genetic resources
Crop Country Representative research institute in Japan
Main researchactivity
soybean Brazil JIRCAS GM
rice Vietnam (V) Kyushu University breeding
wheat Afghanistan (A) Yokohama City University breeding
rice Kenia (K) Nagoya University breeding
indigenous crops Mexico Tsukuba University conservation
rice Columbia (C) Tokyo University breeding
rice Madagascar (Ma) JIRCAS breeding
rice Myanmar (M) Kyushu University breeding
wheat Sudan (S) Tottori University breeding
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1. Disease resistance
・bacterial leaf blight
・blast
2. Insect resistance
・brown plant hopper
・green leaf hopper
・white-backed plant hopper
3. Flooding tolerance
4. Drought tolerance
Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
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Gene (Source variety) → Country
・Gene(s) is used for the breeding.
・Source variety is a donor of the gene.
・Country where SATREPS project was conducted.
A: Afghanistan, C:Columbia, K:Kenia,
Ma: Madagascar, M:Myanmar, S:Sudan
・Genetic resources are brought into counterpart
country from Japan with each DNA marker after
signing of MTA.
Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
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Breeding method
Recurrent parent (RP) X Donor parent with gene(s)
F1 X RP Backcross
Bc1F1 X RP Backcross, MAS
Bc2F1 X RP Backcross, MAS
Bc3F1 MAS, Selfing
Bc3F2 MAS, Selfing
Bc3F3 Selfing
Lines (By Yoshimura et al.(2018))
Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
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Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
Gene Chromoso
me
Trait Gene ID
(IRGSP)
Position No. of
SNPs
detected
XA4 11 bacterial blight
resistance
R1506-S12886 27,822,819-
28.130,150
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XA7 6 ditto RM20576-
RM340
28,796,789-
29,000,232
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GN1a 1 number of
spikelets
Os01g019770
0
5,270,449-
5,275,585
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APO1 6 ditto Os01g066540
0
27,480,082-
27,481,450
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WFP 8 number of
branches
Os08g050960
0
25,274,541-
25,278,696
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Table Example of useful genes with SNP information
(By Kuroshima et al. (2016) and Yoshimura et al. (2018))
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1. Disease resistance
・bacterial leaf blight
Xa4(TKM6) → V, M
Xa5 (DZ192) → M
Xa7 (BV85) → M
Xa13 → M
Xa21(O. longistaminata) → V, M
・rice blast
Pi21 (Sensho) → K, M
Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
Mega-varietyKoshihikari
Blast-resistancewith Pi21
NARO Japan
Miyagi Pref. Gov.
Ibaraki Pref. Gov.
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2. Insect resistance
・brown plant hopper (BPH)BPH3 (Rathu Heenati) → M
BPH17 (ditto) → M
BPH25 (ADR52) → V
BPH26 (ditto) → V
・green leaf hopper (GLH)
GRH2 (DV85) → V
GRH4 (Lepedumai) → V
GRH6 (O. nivara) → V
・white-backed plant hopper (WBPH)
OVC (Asominori) → V
qOVA (ditto) → V
Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
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3. Flood tolerance
Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
SUB1 (floating rice) → M
SUB2 (floating rice) → M
SK1 (floating rice) → M
SK2 (floating rice) → M
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4. Drought tolerance
DRO1(Kinandang Patong)→ C, K
DRO2(ditto)→ C, K
DRO3(ditto)→ C, K
QRO1(ditto)→ C
QRO2(ditto)→ C
QRL6.1(ditto) → C
QFSR4(ditto) → C
Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
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4. Drought tolerance
QTLs on root architecture were introduced into
Colombian popular rice varieties (A60, FA174,
FA473, CT21375)
↓
Novel rice breeding lines having QTLs were selected
↓
The lines showed longer root length compared with
popular varieties
↓
Variety registration in Columbia, seed increase
Rice genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
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Rice genetic resources for high yield
1. Grain number
Gn1a (Habataki) → V, K, M
to increase the number of spikelet per panicle
WFP (ST12) → V, K, M
to increase the number of primary branch
APO1 (Habataki) → V, K
to increase the number of spikelet per panicle
qGN8 → K
to increase the number of secondary branch
Nipponbare ST12
The Japanese Society of chemical regulation of plants
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Rice genetic resources for high yield
2. Grain size
GS3 → V
to increase grain size (long grain)
GW2 → V
to increase grain size (width and weight)
GW5 → V
to increase grain size (width)
3. Tiller number
MP3 (Koshihikari) → Ma
4. Biomass production
LCSILs (O. longistaminata) → K
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Rice genetic resources for high yield
4. Phosphorus uptake
Pup1 (Kasalath) → Ma
phosphorus (P) uptake
PUE11 (DJ123) → Ma
QTL for increasing dry matter production
/ amount of phosphorus uptake
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Wheat genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
Disease resistance
・rust resistance
Lr34 → A
・Stripe-rust resistance
Lr34 → A
Ibaraki Pref .Gov
Chiba Pref. Gov.
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Wheat genetic resources for global warming
adaptation
1. Drought tolerance
・Afghanistan indigenous varieties showed
high yield under drought condition.
・KU11209 and KU3089 showed root architecture of
growing downward.
→ A
2. Bread making quality
Glu-D1d (Norin 61 near isogenic line) → S
Good bread making quality under high temperature
(Bohain)
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Wild wheat genetic resources for high yield
Use of wild species of wheat
・drought tolerance (Aegilops tauschi) → A, S
Afghanistan improved variety X Ae. Tauschii
↓
Multiple synthetic derivative population
↓
drought tolerance
high biomass production
large panicle
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Use of core collection
Core collection
・a representative sample of the entire collection with
minimum representatives and maximum genetic
diversity of a crop species
・It contains 5 to 20% of the accessions present in
the entire collection.
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Use of core collectionCore collection in NARO Genebank
No. Collection name No. of representative
accessions
No. of total accessions
DNAmarkers
1 World rice 300 37,000 RFLP
2 Japanese local rice 50 2,000 SSR
3 Japanese local maize 86 1,300 AFLP
4 World soybean 96 4,000 SNP
5 Japanese local soybean 96 6,000 SNP
6 World sorghum 105 3,500 SNP
7 World Vigna 415 2,000 SNP
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Use of core collection
Example of use
・Variation of lipoxygenase 3 using NARO world core
collection
・New resistance varieties against Striga using NARO
world collection
・ New QTL for efficient phosphorus uptake using IRRI
core collection
Future scope of core collection
・Further use of existing collection
・Establishment of unique core collection in local
genebank
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Quantitative and qualitative improvement of
active collection in genebank
Genebank
Base collection
Active collection
Passport
data
Character
ization
data
DNAdata
Users
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Refferences
Brown, A. H. D. (1993) The core collection at the crossroads. In Core
collections of plant genetic resources.
Yoshimura, A. et al. (2018) Development of rice promising lines using
genomic technology and information in Vietnam. In Crop production
under stressful conditions –Application of cutting-edge science and
technology in developing countries. 11-26.
Kuroshima, Y. et al. (2016) Construction of versatile SNP array for
pyramiding useful genes of rice. Plant Sci. 242:131-139.
Makihara, D. et al. (2018) Development of rice breeding and cultivation
technology tailored for Kenya’s environment. In ditto. 27-48.
Okada, K. and Lopez-Galvis, L. (2018) Improving resources utilization
efficiency in rice production system with contour-levee irrigation in
Colombia. In ditto. 71-86.
Ban, T. (2018) Development of wheat breeding materials using genetic
resources in Afghanistan. In ditto. 87-110.
Tsujimoto, T. (2018) Annual Rep. of 2017 fiscal year of SATREPS
Project in Madagascar. In Japanese.
Yoshimura, A. (2019) Annual Rep. of 2018 fiscal year of SATREPS
Project in Myanmar. In Japanese.
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Thank you very much for your attention !
Muito obrigado!
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