Plant Diversity
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Transcript of Plant Diversity
PLANT DIVERSITYCopy into your colored Notes Foldable
PLANT CHARACTERISTICS AND ADAPTIONS
PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
Multicellular eukaryotes
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Non-motile (fixed to one spot)
Cell walls made of cellulose
Responds to environment and grows through the use of hormones
PLANTS ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON WHETHER OR NOT THEY HAVE
1. Vascular System (transport)2. Seeds 3. Flowers (enclosed seeds)
EARLY PLANTS Came from the water First plants evolved from multicellular green algae
Some Adaptations (solutions)- 1. Parts extending into both air and soil
2. Develop a vascular system to transport resources in plant
3. Have a protective outer layer – cuticle (waxy) keeps from drying out
4. Specialized structures for reproduction (spores & seeds)
PLANT LIFE CYCLE
PLANT LIFE CYCLE- ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
diploid phase
haploid phase
(produce sperm) (produce egg)
BRYOPHYTES (NONVASCULAR PLANTS)
BRYOPHYTES-NONVASCULAR1. Most primitive plants2. Found in moist, shady areas 3. NO vascular (transport) system4. Small size due to no vascular tissue 5. No true roots, stems, or leaves6. Needs water for reproduction.7. Reproduces using spores, (a water-proof
single cell that can grow into a new organism)
8. Most common example: Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Bryophytes
Mosses
liverworts
hornworts
TRACHEOPHYTES AND VASCULAR TISSUE
TRACHEOPHYTES-VASCULAR PLANTS-
Contains two types of specialized vascular tissues for transport within the plant: xylem and phloem
Allowed plants to become tall. Has specialized organs:
roots, stems, and leaves. Divided into 2 groups:
seedless vs. seeds
VASCULAR TISSUE
Conducts water & nutrients throughout the plant.
Moves fluids through plant body even against gravityXylem: transports water and minerals
from roots to every part of plant (zip up the xylem)
Phloem: transports nutrients & carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis (phloem= food)
PLANT PARTS…Roots- absorb water & minerals
Leaves- photosynthetic organs that contain vascular tissue
Veins (vascular tissue)- xylem & phloem
StemsSupport structure connects roots & leaves carrying water
FERNS (SEEDLESS TRACHEOPHYTES)
FERNS AND RELATIVES Seedless vascular plant Have true roots, stems, and
large leaves (fronds) Examples: Ferns, Club Mosses,
Horsetails Reproduce using spores; still
need water
GYMNOSPERMS (SEEDED CONE TRACHEOPHYTES)
GYMNOSPERMS (NAKED SEED)Examples Cycad (Sago palm) Ginkgo Conifer (pine)
Sago Palm Ginkgo Ginkgo
GYMNOSPERMS (NAKED SEED)
Adaptations –reproduce water freeTransfer of sperm by pollination Protection of embryos in seeds
Cones and pollen Seeds can remain dormant for years
GYMNOSPERMS
1. Most common are Conifers2. Conifers have leaves called
needles or scales 3. Reduce water loss and
prevents freezing
Sequoia
JuniperPine
CONIFER REPRODUCTION
1. Male cones produce pollen and the female cone produces eggs and seeds.
2. Pollen is inefficiently transferred by the wind.
3. Once mature, the scales on the female cone dry out and open scattering the seeds by the wind.
Pollen
Pollen Cone
Seed Cone
ANGIOSPERMS (SEEDED FLOWERING TRACHEOPHYTES)
ANGIOSPERMS- ENCLOSED SEEDS Flowers are reproductive organs Encourage direct and efficient pollen
transfer Fruit: pollinated ovaries Diversity: Monocots and dicots Woody and Herbacious stems
Trees vs. sunflowers Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials
fibrous roots taproot
FRUIT CAN AID IN DISPERSAL OF SEED TO REDUCE COMPETITION WITH PARENT PLANT.
1. Winged fruit – gliding (maple fruit)
2. Floating fruit – floats (coconut)
3. Fleshy fruit - survive the digestive system of animals that eat the fruit (apple)
4. Spiny fruit- Velcro like projections attach to animal fur (cockleburs)
Maple seeds: Winged fruit
Burdock: Spiny fruit