Plant Design 1 s

8/13/2019 Plant Design 1 s

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DesignDesign

1. Conceptual design: develop a preliminaryflowsheet using approximate methods.

2. Preliminary design: use rigorous simulators toevaluate steady-state and dynamic

performance of proposed flowsheet.

3. Detailed design:specify type of trays, no. of

sieve tray holes, piping, pumps etc.


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1.1 Creative Aspects of1.1 Creative Aspects of

Process DesignProcess Design

The propose of engineeringis tocreate new material wealth.

Process and plant design is thecreative activity whereby generate idea

and then translate them into equipmentand processes for producing newmaterials or for significantly upgradingthe value of existing materials.


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In any particular company, we might

try to generate new idea:

To produce a purchased raw materialTo convert a waste by-product to avaluable product

To create a completely new material(synthetic fibers, food, bioprocessing)To find a new way of producing an

existing product (a new catalyst, abioprocessing alternative)To exploit a new technology (genetic

engineering, expert systems)


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TABLE 1.1-1 Types of design estimates1.1. Order of-magnitudeOrder of-magnitude(ratio estimate) base on similar previous cost(ratio estimate) base on similar previous cost

data; probable accuracy exceeddata; probable accuracy exceed ++40%40%2.2. Study estimateStudy estimate(factored estimate) base on knowledge of major(factored estimate) base on knowledge of major

item of equipment; probable accuracy up toitem of equipment; probable accuracy up to ++2525

3.3. Preliminary estimatePreliminary estimate(budget aut!ori"ation estimate; scope(budget aut!ori"ation estimate; scope

estimate)based on sufficient data to permit t!e estimate to beestimate)based on sufficient data to permit t!e estimate to bebudgeted; probable accuracy wit!inbudgeted; probable accuracy wit!in ++#2#2

4.4. Definition estimateDefinition estimate(project control estimate) based on almost(project control estimate) based on almost

complete data$ but before completion of drawing and specifications;complete data$ but before completion of drawing and specifications;

probable accuracy wit!probable accuracy wit! ++%%

5.5. Detail estimateDetail estimate(contractor&s estimate) based on complete(contractor&s estimate) based on complete

engineering drawings$ specifications$ site surveys; probableengineering drawings$ specifications$ site surveys; probable

accuracy wit!accuracy wit! ++''

Frome A. Pikulik and H.E. ia!" #$ost Estimating %a&or ProcessEquipment"' $hem. Eng." ()*+,- ,/0*,122-

Level of Engineering DesignsLevel of Engineering Designs


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3ess than3ess than4 , million4 , million 4,5464,546

millionmillion46546/46546/

millionmillion

7ype of estimate7ype of estimate PlantPlant PlantPlant PlantPlant

8tudy *48tudy *4thousands-thousands-

65,665,6 ,+59/,+59/ +/5)/+/5)/

Preliminary*4Preliminary*4thousands-thousands-

,6596,6596 9/50/9/50/ 6/51/6/51/

efinitive *4efinitive *4thousands-thousands-

+650/+650/ 0/5,+/0/5,+/ ,//5+9/,//5+9/

TABLE 1.1-2 Engineering Costs to Prepareestimates1!""#

Frome A. Pikulik and H.E. ia!" #$ost Estimating %a&or ProcessEquipment"' $hem. Eng." ()*+,- ,/0*,122-


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E$ample %ydrodeal&ylation of

Tol'ene

H +

$ H 9

$ H )

7 o l u e n e : e n ! en e

,

+ H +

: e n ! e n e i p h e n y l

,.+ A Hierarchical approach to $onceptualesign


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1

%DA Process%DA Process

molBtuH(2#5')

*+ip!enyl,en"ene2-*,en"ene*.oluene

2

/2

=

+

++

Basic information:1. Reactions take place between 1150-1300 F.

2. Pressure is about 500 psi.3. Ecess !"#ro$en %5&1 ratio' pre(entscokin$.

). Effluent $as must be *uenc!e# to1150 Fin or#er to re(ent cokin .


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,/

HDA Process


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,,

HDA Process


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,+

HAD Process


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$ondensation*high P or low 7" or$ondensation*high P or low 7" or

both-both-

AbsorptionAbsorption

AdsorptionAdsorption

A membrane processA membrane process

As a vapor reovery system !e ould use one of t"ese


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,)

Simplified #lo!s"eet for t"e Separation Systems


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,6

$eyle Struture of t"e #lo!s"eet


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,0

%nput-Output Struture of t"e #lo!s"eet


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,2

Hierarchy of decisions______________1. Batch versus continuous

2. Input-output structure of the flowsheet

. !ecycle structure of the flowsheet

". #eneral structure of the separation system

a. vapor recovery system $. li%uid recovery system

&. 'eat-exchanger networ(______________

The goal (f concept'al design is to find the) +

Possi&le 'imitation


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,(

Deomposition Proedures for ()isting Proesses

,. ;emove all the heat exchangers"drums" and storage vessels.

+.


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,1

%PA Plant


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+/

(t"y&en*ene Proess

Plant Design 1 s

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