Plant Classification & Reproduction
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Transcript of Plant Classification & Reproduction
Plant Classification & Reproduction
Plants can be classified into 2 main groups:
Non-seed plants mosses = no vascular systems ferns = vascular systems but no
seeds
Seed plants Gymnosperms = complex vascular
system + bare seed (cone) Angiosperm = complex vascular
system + enclosed seed within a flower
Reproduction terminology
Alternation of Generation Any life cycle that involves sexual and asexual reproduction
The life cycle of all plants have 2 phases:
Asexual reproduction new plant produced from one parent plant only (genetically identical to parent) Sporophyte form of plant that reproduces asexually
Sexual reproduction new plant produced by union of a male and female sex cell (NOT genetically identical) Gametophyte form of plant that reproduces sexually
(egg + sperm –--fertilization---- zygote embryo new sporophyte)
Non-seed plant
Fern have large leafy fronds, rhizomes (underground stems) and generally prefer warm moist climates. Needs water for reproduction.
Life Cycle Sporophyte – large and photosynthetic
Produces spores asexually Gametophyte – separate small plant (1cm diameter)
from the sporophyte produces zygote sexually
Seed plants
Gymnosperms woody trees or shrubs (conifers) that produce seeds that are NOT in an enclosed structure. Wind needed for pollination.
Life Cycle Sporophyte = large trees that produce
cones Produces pollen and eggs
Gametophyte = microscopic plant found on specialized structure on the sporophyte
Produces seeds
Angiosperms flowering plants. Can be pollinated by insects and wind.
Life Cycle Sporophyte = flowering plant
produces pollen and eggs Gametophyte = pollen and egg found in
the flowers produces seeds
… these are the parts of the flower
Male reproductive part = stamen which are made up of… filament - stalk anther – produces pollen
grainsFemale reproductive part = Pistil
which is made up of… style – stalk stigma – sticky surface at
tip of style ovary – organ that
contain the egg
style
Fern Vs. Angiosperm
Comparison of their life Cycles
page 279 figure 8 and
page 283 figure 6
Fern Angiosperm
Spore produced on fern frond Flowers on the sporophyte produce pollen
Spores released and develop into a small gametophyte
Pollen is carried to other flower
Gametophyte produces egg and sperm
Egg and sperm unit and create a zygote
Pollen grain grows down style to reach the ovary. Sperm in the pollengrain then fertilizes the egg Zygote develops and seed is formed.
Zygote develops into mature sporophyte (fern)
The seed is released and develops into a new sporophyte