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Domains of Life

ArchaeaBacteriaEukarya

Eukaryotes

Any organism with one or more cells that have

membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.

Components

•Cytoplasm w/ Ribosomes

•DNA•Cell Membrane

Components• Nucleus• ER• Golgi

apparatus• Mitochondria• Cytoskeleton

• Chloroplasts• Centrioles• Lysosomes• Vacuoles• Cell Wall

Components• Nucleus• ER• Golgi

apparatus• Mitochondria• Cytoskeleton

• Chloroplasts• Centrioles• Lysosomes• Vacuoles• Cell Wall

Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

Plants• Multicellular eukaryotic

photoautotrophs• Cellulose-containing cell walls• Store surplus carbohydrates

as starch

Chloroplast• Found in plant cells and

other photosynthetic organisms

• Contains the green pigment chlorophyll

• Site of food (glucose) production

• Bound by a double membrane

Onion bulbs contain little to no chloroplasts

because they are underground.

Cell Wall• Cell walls are strong.

–prevent a plant cell from exploding when in contact with pure or almost pure water

–act as skeletal system for plant cells

Plant cell walls are side by side for support and

protection.

Vacuoles• Large central vacuole

usually in plant cells• Many smaller

vacuoles in animal cells

• Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.

Plant cells contain only ONE nucleus

Lysosomes are very rarely

found in plant cells.

Animals• Multicellular,

eukaryotic heterotrophs.• Lack rigid cell walls.• All animals are motile, if only at

certain life stages.

Animal cells have only few small vacuoles.

Animal cells can have more than one nucleus in a

cell.

Animal cells can have many

different shapes and sizes.

Centrioles• a two-part rod-shaped structure

located in pairs near the nucleus.• During cell division, centrioles move

to opposite ends of the cell and form the poles of the spindle fibers that pull the chromosomes apart.

Plant vs. Animal Cells• PLANT CELLS

– 1. Cell wall– 2. One large vacuole– 3. Chloroplasts– 4. No/rare lysosomes– 5. Rectangular– 6. Photosynthesis

• ANIMAL CELLS– 1. No cell wall– 2. A few small vacuoles– 3. No chloroplasts– 4. Lysosomes– 5. Roundish– 6. Cell Respiration