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1. Multicellular Eukaryotes

2. Have cell walls made of cellulose

3. Carry out photosynthesis using

chlorophyll a & b4. Store energy as starch

(carbohydrates)

5.

Most are autotrophs A few are parasites (live on living

organisms) or saprobes (live ondead organisms)

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Parasitic plants extract nutrients and water

directly from its hosts tissues

After a (Cuscuta) Dodder attaches itself to a plant, it wraps itselfaround it. If the host contains food beneficial to dodder, thedodder produces haustoria that insert themselves into thevascular system of the host. The original root of the dodder in thesoil then dies. The dodder can grow and attach itself to multipleplants.

Mistletoe takesnutrients from thetrees

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haustoriahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/MistletoeInSilverBirch.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haustoriahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Cuscuta_parasite_plant.JPGhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Cuscuta_europaea_2005.06.12_15.07.24.jpg

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1. Sunlight

2. Water

3. Minerals

4. Gas Exchange

5. Transport of water and nutrients

throughout the plant body

Remember Photosynthesis:

6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2(water + carbon dioxide + sunlight glucose + oxygen)

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Plants most likely evolved from an

organism like the freshwater multicelluar

green algae living today.

Plants had to overcome challenges asthey moved from water to land:

Adapt to be able to acquire water

Adapt features to transport water Be able to conserve water more

effeciently

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1. Bryophytes (Mosses and their

relatives)

2. Seedless Vascular (Ferns and their

relatives)

3. Gymnosperms (cone-bearing

plants)

4. Angiosperms (flowering plants)

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Water-conducting tissue (vascular)

Seeds

Flowers

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VASCULAR PLANTS Contain tube-like cellsfor transport (Tracheophytes) Can grow large and farther away from water source.

NONVASCULAR PLANTS Does not containtube-like cells for transport. (Bryophytes) Water and nutrients travel by diffusion

and osmosis.

Small and grows close to water source

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NONVASCULAR PLANTS

Plants draw up water by osmosis only a fewcentimeters above the ground.

Low growing plants that are found in

moist, shaded areas.

Seedless plants reproduce using spores

RHIZOIDS A LONG THIN CELL THAT ANCHORS MOSS TOTHE GROUND AND ABSORBS H20 & MINERALS FROM SOIL

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Includes: Mosses

Liverworts

Hornworts

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/irish-moss-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://home.howstuffworks.com/irish-moss.htm&h=319&w=400&sz=58&hl=en&start=41&um=1&tbnid=VR8lHNFkPhWecM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=124&prev=/images?q=pictures+of+plant+moss&start=40&ndsp=20&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N

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FERNS

GYMNOSPERMS(CONE BEARING PLANTS)

ANGIOSPERMS(FLOWERING

PLANTS)

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=mnorris.wellington.net.nz/photos/fern.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mnorris.wellington.net.nz/photography.html&h=530&w=808&sz=106&tbnid=umN3Sm9YE8kJ:&tbnh=93&tbnw=141&prev=/images?q=FERN&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N

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They are vascular but reproduce using spores

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Bear their seeds directly on the surface

of cones.

Vascular plants

Gymnosperm means naked seed

Includes conifers such as pines and spruces

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Most conifers are evergreens. They retain their leaves

throughout the year.

Most needles stay on the

plant for 2-14 years. Can carry on photosynthesis

as soon as spring arrives!

A few are deciduous. Deciduous - Lose their leaves at a

particular season andare dormant in the winter.

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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/99/maya/swat-flowers.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/99/maya/photos.html&h=300&w=210&sz=43&tbnid=6wpAzvICXBUJ:&tbnh=110&tbnw=77&prev=/images?q=FLOWERS&start=20&hlhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.nedthecomputerguy.com/images/flowers.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nedthecomputerguy.com/photos.htm&h=480&w=640&sz=50&tbnid=utNM8Qzi6kgJ:&tbnh=101&tbnw=134&prev=/images?q=FLOWERS&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=Uhttp://www.moonbowgraphics.com/lauriesphotogallery/flowers/flowerbunchsmall.jpghttp://www.moonbowgraphics.com/lauriesphotogallery/flowers/wildsunflower.jpghttp://www.moonbowgraphics.com/lauriesphotogallery/flowers/purppetunbunch.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.moonbowgraphics.com/lauriesphotogallery/flowers/pinkrose3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.moonbowgraphics.com/lauriesphotogallery/flowers/photogalleryflowers1.html&h=392&w=369&sz=33&tbnid=SoXue-xZa5wJ:&tbnh=118&tbnw=112&prev

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Can be classified as: Annuals

Biennials

Perennials

Annuals live only one growing season

Biennials live only two growing season

Perennials live for more than two years

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Roots absorbs water and dissolved

nutrients, anchors the plant, protect the

plant from bad soil, and transports water to

rest of the plant

Stems support system for the plant body,

transport system for water and nutrients

Leaves plants main photosynthetic system

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Desert Plants

Root system

Shallow to obtain water

Reduced leaves

Cactus needlesreduced surface area

Thick stems To store water

Dormant Seeds

Germinate only when enough moisture

present

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Life in the water: Have tissues with large air-filled

spaces through which oxygen can

diffuse down the stem Seeds that

float and delay germination Specialized air roots that allow O2 to

get to the roots down in the mud

Salty conditions:

Specialized cells in the leaves thatpump the salt out of the plant tissue

onto the leaf surface where rain

washes it off

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Poor soil:

If the soil cant provide N2,

plants trap and digest insects

that release N2

Plants without Roots:

Live on body of another plant

No roots live in a humid

environment to retain/store

water from rainfall

Spanish

Moss

Venus FlyTrap

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Fighting insects:

Make/secrete chemicals that are

toxic if eaten

Need for Pollination

Plants will mimic a pollinators mate

Milkweed

Waspattemptingto mate with

the flower

Ophrysspeculummimics afemale

wasp

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Monocots

One seed leaf

Parallel veins in leaves

Flower parts in multiples of threes Ex. Grass, orchids

Dicots

Two seed leaves

Contain netted veins Flower parts in multiples of four or fives

Exs trees, shrubs

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