PLANNING THE

ENTERPRISE

DATABASE

Chandra S. Amaravadi

Introduction

Enterprise Analysis Methodology

Enterprise Data Model

Planning process

Resource requirements

IN THIS PRESENTATION..

THE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

Planning

Analysis (Requirements definition)

Design (Logical & Physical)

Implementation

Maintenance

The database development cycle starts with planning:

INTRODUCTION

PLANNING IN GENERAL

What are some situations that require planning?

What happens if you don’t plan?

WITHOUT ADEQUATE PLANNING

Organizational changes impact development Cause project schedule changes Rework

In-accurate estimation of resources Project may be halted

DATABASE PLANNING

Problems caused by inadequate planning:

ABOUT DATABASE PLANNINGDatabase planning is carried out before the rest of the development cycle, to obtain an idea of the extent and scope of the project and the resource requirements.

Typical issues addressed are: How large will the database be? What areas of the organization? How many analysts will it require?What are the HW/SW needs?

ENTERPRISE PLANNING

METHODOLOGY(also called Business Systems Planning)

ENTERPRISE PLANNING METHODOLOGY

Study processes and data (information classes) map processes with data (EA matrix) develop Enterprise Data Model (EDM) develop a preliminary idea of requirements

A method of planning that covers the entire organization.

NOTION OF A BUSINESS PROCESS

Examples of business processes are:

Registration

Order raw materials

Production planning

job set up

A process is a group of related activities

PROCESSES ARE PART OF FUNCTIONS

FunctionFunction

Process1Process1 Process2Process2 Process3Process3

Activity1Activity1 Activity2Activity2 Activity3Activity3

Function: a broad grouping of related processesProcess: a broad grouping of related activitiesActivity: a step in a process; an individual action

FUNCTIONS PROCESSES & ACTIVITIES

CAR MAINTENANCE

? ? ?

? ? ?

ACTIVITY—DATA RELATIONSHIP

Create data (C)

Update/Use data (U)

Delete data (D)

FN./PROCESS/ACTIVITY CAN

Registration

Order raw materials

Maintaining an equipment

Quality control

WHAT DATA DO THESE CREATE/UPDATE?

AN ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS MATRIX

Info. classes

Processes

Production plan

Raw

Matls. list

Emp. list

Production planning C U

Order raw matls. U

M/C set up U

CREATING AN EA MATRIX

draw a table with a large top row and as many rows as there are processes. Create columns in the table.

used to list information classes (see below)

identify all processes

list all processes in the first column, rowwise (skip heading row)

identify all information classesE.g. course schedule, student

list them in the heading row, after the first column

Whenever a process uses an information class use “C” or “U” to denote creates and uses.

FOR DISCUSSION

Create an Enterprise Analysis matrix for a university

ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(also called Planning Model)

ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(EDM)

An Enterprise Data Model (EDM) is a preliminary data model created during planning to understand ??? needs.

Depicts eclasses & relationships

[Name written on relationship]

Does not show ???

Use only horizontal and vertical lines

1:1A B

A B 1:M

A B M:N

ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL..

PRODUCT WARRANTYhas

DEVELOPING AN EDM

PRODUCT DEFECTShas

PRODUCT* SHIFTSproduced

*Assume a complex product

ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(EDM)

TENANT

BUILDING

Leased to

OWNERHas an

PARCEL

LEASE

Signed byAssociated with

FOR DISCUSSION

Draw an Enterprise Data model for a university

THE PLANNING PROCESS

PLANNING PRE-REQUISITES

1. Top management commitment

green signal

public acknowledgement

2. Project team

database analysts

team co-ordinators

Requirements to be fulfilled before planning starts:

THE PLANNING META MODEL..

Organization

Application

CSFs

E class

Functions

Processes

CSF: Critical Success Factor; a business variable that is very important to success

descr. of information gathered during planning.

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS

Factors critical to success of organization

Key resources – e.g. specialists Key processes – e.g. patient care Key activities – e.g. MRI

PLANNING STEPS

1. Identify organizational background

e.g. functions, processes, strategies, # of employees

2. Identify information used/created by functions/processes

3. Develop planning matrices

e.g. function vs CSF, process vs eclass etc.

4. Develop Enterprise Data Model

5.Define scope of the development, project teams.

6. Develop planning report

ELEMENTS OF A DATABASE PLAN

1. Exec Summary

2. Organizational background

3. Enterprise Analysis results/Data Models

4. Hardware/Software recommendations

5. Implementation plan

(REPORT)

PLANNING OUTCOMES

Understanding of the organization’s requirements. Planning matrices Preliminary data model (Enterprise model)

Project planning scope, priorities, team assignment

Resource requirements for database developmenthardware, software, personnel

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Outcomes of database planning are:

RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

AND PITFALLS

RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FORENTERPRISE PLANNING

Cost from $450,000 - $2 m Team size 10-15 Duration 31/2 months - one year

FROM A STUDY OF NINE ORGANIZATIONS:

31

PLANNING PITFALLS

insufficient management support organizational direction not clearly known strategic IS plan not available or up-to-date lack of co-ordination among planning sub-units

Planning fails because:

What stage in the development process is planning carried out? What do we accomplish in database planning? What would be the essential elements of a database plan? Why do we need to study org. functions? What does the Enterprise Data Model show? What are CSFs, apart from expansion of definition? How can we identify critical processes? How can we prioritize database development? What are the common causes of failure in the

planning process?

DISCUSSION

THAT’S ALL FOLKS!