Planning Australia’s major cities:
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Planning Australia’s major cities: Dorte Ekelund Executive Director Major Cities Unit Presentation to the NATSTATS 2010 Conference, Sydney 16 September 2010 Creating an evidence base
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Planning Australia’s major cities:. Creating an evidence base. Dorte Ekelund Executive Director Major Cities Unit Presentation to the NATSTATS 2010 Conference, Sydney 16 September 2010. Outline. Federal Government involvement in cities State of Australian Cities 2010 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Planning Australia’s major cities:
Planning Australia’s major cities:
Dorte EkelundExecutive DirectorMajor Cities UnitPresentation to the NATSTATS 2010 Conference, Sydney16 September 2010
Creating an evidence base
Federal Government involvement in cities
- State of Australian Cities 2010- National urban policy
What do we need to know?- Defining urban- Indicators for effective urban
policy and planning What are we measuring?
- Reliability and consistency- Causal versus correlated data
Outline
Transforming our Cities 1950s
- Housing 1970s
- Services 1990s
- Regeneration 2007 +
- Infrastructure Australia- Major Cities Unit- COAG Reform
Pyrmont Bridge 2006
A national objective for cities that they are:- Globally competitive- Productive- Sustainable- Liveable- Socially inclusive
National criteria for strategic planning systems - State governments to meet criteria by
2012- Linked to federal infrastructure funding
National planning criteria for cities
Developing national urban policy
Phase 1 •Gather the evidence•State of Australian Cities 2010
Phase 2 •Prepare options •A strategy for Australian Cities
A national snapshot of Australia’s cities
An evidence base to:- generate debate- present challenges- highlight trends- measure progress- develop policy
http://www/infrastructure.gov.au/mcu
State of Australian Cities 2010
Defining ‘urban’ - What is a city?
Australia: an ‘urban’ nation
75 % population live in 17 major cities over 100,000
82% in cities over 30,000
2 Cities > 3 million
39% of total population
3 Cities 1-3 million
22%
Cities 250,000 -1 million
8%
Cities 100,000-250,000
6%
Cities 50,000 - 100,000
5%
Cities 30,000 - 50,000
2%
Rest of Australia18%
Where are city boundaries? Spatial aggregation
- Statistical v Local Government v Metropolitan v Conurbation
- Cities within cities- Expanding urban boundaries- Peri-urban areas
Policy implications- Tracking change over time- Scale- Density
- ‘Per capita’ indicators
Themes- Productivity- Sustainability- Liveability
What do we need to know?- Where are we now?- Where are we going?
What are we measuring?- Gaps- Overlaps- Interrelationships- Causes or correlations- Interpreting the data
City indicators
SydneyMelbourneBrisbanePerthAdelaideHobartDarwinCanberra
20562056
2056
2056
2056
205620562056
2026
2006
2026
2006
2026
2006
2026
20062026
2006
2006 2006 2006
Population growth
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (2009) Population Projections 2006-2100. ABS cat 3220.0
Population projections Multiple projections
- ABS v Treasury IGR 3 v States v Agencies (eg. Health)
Policy sensitive projections- Components of growth- Projected v Planned v Targets- eg. Fertility v Immigration v
Labour force Spatial projections
- Combining location and nature of growth
What are we measuring?
Economic importance of cities 76% of employment 80% of economic activity (GDP) 84% of economic growth (2003-2008) Gateways to the global economy
Productivity
Isolating factors in the city system- Eg. Urban congestion
Dangers of extrapolating state data to cities - Eg. Queensland
Identifying contribution of cities to regional economic activity
Eg. mining and agriculture (research, distribution, administration, finance)
What are we measuring?
PerthBrisbane
Sydney
Melbourne
Adelaide
0 60 100GDP per Capita ($US ‘000)SOAC 2010 p. 18
Contribution of cities to productivity
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Gg
(to
tal C
O2
equi
vale
nt e
mis
sion
s)
International shipping
International aviation
Domestic marine
Domestic aviation
Rail
Road
Total Greenhouse Contribution of Australian Transport
Note: total warming effects - includes both directly radiative gases and indirectly radiative gases. Sources: BTRE (2006), BITRE (2009), BITRE estimates
Base case projections
Emissions for international transport, to and from Australia, are estimated using half of total fuel use.
Sustainability
Recent trends in car use
What are we measuring?
Source: Stanley, J. 2010 Moving People
Measures of progress
Houses are getting bigger...
but households are getting smaller!
1994
–95
1995
–96
1996
–97
1997
–98
1999
–00
2000
–01
2002
–03
2003
–04
2005
–062.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
Year
WAWAQLD
VICNSW
SA
NSW
VICQLD
WASA
Bedrooms per dwelling
Persons per household
Source: BITRE analysis of ABS 2007 Cat. No. 4130.0.55.001
Liveability
Housing diversity
What are we measuring?
Community wellbeing indicators Need for indicators
Accessibility Natural landscapes Quality open space Safety Legibility
What’s important to whom? Real Perceived Quality Quantity
Indices City indices Issue- specific indices
SEIFA VAMPIRE
Social inclusion Resources +
Participation- Choice- Opportunity - Capability
Interpreting the data
Brisbane 2006 Dodson and Sipe (2008) Unsettling the suburbs. Urban Research Program, Griffith University
Conclusion Limitations
- Data gaps - especially about the
contribution of cities to productivity, sustainability, liveability
- Lack of comparability- Different scales- Different methodologies- Different purposes
Conclusion Need a suite of indicators
- Consistent geographies- Consistent time series data- More open data sources- Measures of progress not just of
problems- Separating causes from correlations- Better appreciation of
interrelationships between built environment and economic, social and environmental outcomes
- Considering alternative futures
“If you think you know all about a city, it’s probably just a town.” Peter Carey, 30 Days in Sydney.
Pyrmont Bridge c1900
Complex systems
Thank you
Pyrmont Bridge 2006
Dynamic systems
