PLAN

Morning Talk – Long Base Line Neutrino Oscillations –

1) Beam line & brief description of detector

2) Neutrino interaction signal

Afternoon talk – Nucleon Decay

1) Effects of detector medium, depth, location – on Nucleon Decay sensitivity and detection of prompt and relic SN neutrinos

2) Limited comparison of various detector proposals

Neutrino Oscillation Fundamentals

• 1) Unoscillated interaction rate ~

• (Beam power) x (Detector Mass)/L2

• 2) Detect & Measure:

• a) Energy distribution of after oscillation

• b) Energy distribution of e due to oscillation

• 3) Backgnd – e from decay of K+ e+ + e

• &e from decay of + e+ ++e

Comparison of SuperK with Homestake “Megaton Array”

• Super K -22.7kton fiducial volume

• Depth – 2700mwe• 20 inch dia PMTs

• Stainless steel tank-problem with Gd

• Homestake – 3 (or more) modules-each 100kton fiducial volume

• Depth – 4200mwe• 10.5 inch dia PMTs-

improved design – photocathode eff & pressure resistance

• No metal tank – can add Gd

Fermilab Beam Power Options7

• 1) Present – 0.7 Megawatts ( of protons)

• 2) SNuMI – 1.2 Megawatts

• 3) Project X – 2.0 Megawatts

Near detector

•There will be a near detector for the NuMI/Homestake beam line.

•There are many choices: as an example, the HiRESMnu (Ref: Misra) design is costed to be ~$13M. This cost should be part of the beam line cost. A 1 ton liquid argon TPC is also a possibility.

•Several of the proponents are experts at this analysis from other experiments. We assert that a high resolution near detector is far more than adequate for our purposes. The event rate will be ~1/ton/10µsec pulse. This can be handled by any modern system.

One time costs over the next 3 yrs•for the entire facility for the megaton- detector.

Item Cost Source

Chamber design and coring

$0.76M Laurenti

Access tunnels $4.5M Laurenti

Contingency $2.6M 50% of above

Mining + other equip. $10.0M Laurenti

PMT+Elec. R&D $4.0MPrel. Eng.

+Subcontracts

Water/materials R&D $2.0M Preliminary

Contingency (non-civil) $3.2M Equip. has quotes

Total $27.1M FY2007

Summary cost for 100kT(do not triple for 300kT)

Item Cost Source

Single Cavity construction

$28.1M* Laurenti

contingency 30% $8.4M Preliminary Reviews

PMT(50000 chan) $46.7M Auger, NNN05, etc.

Electronics, cables $10.65M UPenn+SNO

Installation $8.75M Conceptual

Water, DAQ, testing, etc. $11.4MQuote, made for

300kT

Contingency(non-civil) $25.0M >30% for some items

Total $139M FY2007

Oscillation Lengths

For E = 1 GeV, L23 = 494 km( disappearance) L13 = 15,420km (e appearance)

Thus, e amplitude grows linearly with distance over any Earth based oscillation path.

Since e from K+ and + decays ~1% of flux, want beam path ~ 1/10 L13 or ~ 1500 km. for signal/bkgnd ~ 10.

Total event rate with 300 kT and Total event rate with 300 kT and 2 MW2 MW

~200000 cc evts/yr~200000 cc evts/yr ( (yr~2x10⁷ sec)yr~2x10⁷ sec)

(no oscillations, raw events)(no oscillations, raw events)

Spectra with 300 kT detector and 2MW beam

from FNAL

NormalNormal ReversedReversed

sin²2θ₁₃= 0.04, 300kT, 1300 km, ~2MW @ 60 GeV 3yrs sin²2θ₁₃= 0.04, 300kT, 1300 km, ~2MW @ 60 GeV 3yrs neutrinos & 3yrs antineutrinosneutrinos & 3yrs antineutrinos

sig~1214sig~1214

sig~394sig~394

sig~564sig~564

sig~564sig~564

sig~627sig~627

Mark Dierckxsens(UChicago), Mary Mark Dierckxsens(UChicago), Mary Bishai(BNL)Bishai(BNL)

Ultimate Reach

Mark Dierckxsens(UChicago), Mary Mark Dierckxsens(UChicago), Mary Bishai(BNL)Bishai(BNL)

Mass Mass orderingordering

θ₁₃θ₁₃

CP ViolationCP Violation60 GeV, 2MW, 3+3 yrs, 300kT60 GeV, 2MW, 3+3 yrs, 300kT

stat+ stat+ 5%syst 5%syst 0.0030.003

0.0070.007

0.0070.007

50% coverage at 3 sigma50% coverage at 3 sigma

Spectra with 100 kT detector and 1

MW beam from FNAL

sin²2θ₁₃= 0.04, 100kT, 1300 km, ~sin²2θ₁₃= 0.04, 100kT, 1300 km, ~1 1 MW 60GeV 3yrs MW 60GeV 3yrs neutrinosneutrinos and 3yrs antineutrinosand 3yrs antineutrinosNormalNormal ReversedReversed

s ~ s ~ 400400 evt evt

Total Total rate of rate of eventsevents

~30k/yr~30k/yrnoosc/raw noosc/raw

evtsevts

s~210s~210 s~100s~100

s~60s~60 s~100s~100

Reach with 100 kT water Cherenkov

Mass Mass orderingordering

θ₁₃θ₁₃

60 GeV, 1MW, 3+3 yrs, 100kT60 GeV, 1MW, 3+3 yrs, 100kT

stat+5% stat+5% systsyst

0.0080.00850% coverage at 3 sigma50% coverage at 3 sigma

0.0250.025

Same plots detail

θ13θ13 Mass ordering @ 2 sigmaMass ordering @ 2 sigma

Same exposure in MW*10⁷ sec as previous plotSame exposure in MW*10⁷ sec as previous plot

3 yrs3 yrs 3 yrs3 yrs

100kT water CherenkovCP reach

Spectra with 100 kT detector and 1 MW

beam from FNAL

sin²2θ₁₃= 0.04, 100kT, 1300 km, ~1 MW 120 GeV (0.5deg) 3yrs neutrinos, 3yrs antineutrinos

Normal Reversed

Total rate of CC neutrino

events~18k/MW/yr

noosc/raw evts

nu nu

antinu antinu

Mass hierarchy Mass hierarchy sensitivitysensitivity

NOvA(18kT)

Homestake 100kT

95 % C.L. ref:NuFact070.015

normal hierarchy

only

0.11The homestake project is almost an order of

magnitude better for mass hierarchy determination for same running

Mass hierarchy Mass hierarchy sensitivitysensitivity

NOvA(18kT)

Homestake 100kT

95 % C.L.ref:NuFact07

0.015 0.11

reverse hierarchy

only

The homestake project is almost an order of magnitude better for mass hierarchy

determination for same running

Sensitivity to Sin²2θ₁₃

NOvA(18kT)

Homestake 100kT

3 sigma ref:NuFact070.0120.009

Developing Collaboration

•Proposal for an Experimental Program in Neutrino Physics and Proton Decay in the Homestake Laboratory

This is the This is the author list of author list of hep-ex/06080hep-ex/06080

23 August 23 August 20062006

Value of sin²2θ₁₃ for 50% coverage in CP phase

Homestake 100kT

NOvA18kT

Mass hierarchy

0.015 0.11

sin²2θ₁₃ 0.009 0.012

Running conditions: 120 GeV, 1 MW for 3 yrs nu and 3yrs antinuThe homestake project is almost an order of

magnitude better for mass hierarchy determination for same running