Plan & Elevation

8/3/2019 Plan & Elevation

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CHAPTER 17: PLAN AND ELEVATION

17.1 Key Terms

Orthogonal projection - Unjuran ortogon

Plan - Pelan

Front elevation - Dongakan depan

Side elevation - Dongakan sisi

Full scale - Skala penuh

Solid line - Garis penuh

( used to draw visible edge)

Dashed line - Garis putus-putus

(used to draw invisible edge)

Fine solid line - Garis penuh yang halus

(used to show projection/ construction line)

Orthogonal projection on a

vertical plane as viewed from

the front (X)



the side (Y)



the top

X

Y

Plans and elevations 1


vertical plane as viewed

from the front (X)

Orthogonal projection ona vertical plane as viewed

from the side (Y)


vertical plane as

viewed from the top

y



17.1 Questions according to examination format

Example :

(a)Diagram (i) below shows a solid consisting of a right prism and a right pyramid which are

joined at the plane, PQRS. The base, JKLM, is placed on horizontal plane. PJKQ is the uniform

cross-section of the prism. PJ and SM are vertical edges. The height of the pyramid is

4 cm. Draw the full-scale elevation of the solid on the vertical plane parallel to JK as viewed fromX.

(b) A solid cuboid is joined to the solid in Diagram (i) at the vertical plane, LMSR. The

combined solid is shown in Diagram (ii). The square base, JKED, is on a horizontal plane.

Draw the full-scale

(i) the plan of the combined solid,(ii) elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to LE as viewed from Y

Solution

(a) (b)(i) (b)(ii)


V

Q/R P/S

K/LJ/M5 cm

3 cm

4 cm

Diagram (i)

Diagram (ii)

G/DH/S/M

F/E

P/J

3 cm

4 cm 1 cm

2 cm

V

K

F/G

E/D

4 cm

1 cm

4 cmK/J

I/H

V

R/SQ/P

3 cm

L/M



1a

Y

1 cm

7 cm

4 c m

3 c m

5 c m

A

E

D C

B

P

H

G

F

T

R

Q

W

V

U

The above diagram shows a solid which consists of two prisms whose base ABPQRCD

lies on a horizontal table. PU = CV = 6 cm and W is the mid-point of PU. The length of PQ

is 7 cm. Draw to full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to QR as

viewed from Y.

1b

X1 cm

7 cm

4 c m

3 c m

2 c m

5 c m

A

E

D C

B

P

H

G

F

T

S

R

Q

W

V

U

A semi-cylinder is joined to the solid.

Draw to full scale,

i. the plan of the solid

ii. the elevation the solid on a vertical plane parallel to DR as viewed from x


Diagram 1(i)

Diagram 1(ii)



2(a). Diagram 2 (i) shows a solid right prism with the rectangular base, PQRS, resting on ahorizontal table. EFGHQP is the uniform cross section of the prism. Rectangle EFLM is an

inclined plane. Rectangle GHJK is a horizontal plane. EP, FG and HQ are vertical edges.

Draw the full scale plan of the solid.

2(b) A solid cuboid is joined to the prism in Diagram 2(i) at the vertical plane, MSUZ. The

combined solid is shown in Diagram 2(ii) . The base PQRUVWS, is on a horizontal plane and

AB = BC = 2 cm.

Draw the full scale

(i) elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to PQ as viewed from X(ii) elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to QR as viewed from Y


Diagram 2 (i)

Diagram 2(ii)



3(a) Diagram 3(i) shows a solid prism with its rectangular base, PQRS, on a horizontal table.The surface, FGKLRQ, is the uniform cross-section of the prism. Rectangle EFGH is an inclined

plane and rectangle JKLM is a horizontal plane. FQ, KG and LR are vertical edges.

Draw the full scale elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to QR as viewed from X.

3(b) A solid right prism with the uniform cross-section, ITU, is removed from the solid in

Diagram 3(i) . The remaining solid is shown in Diagram 3(ii). Rectangle TFVU is a horizontal

plane. IU is a vertical edge. FT = 3 cm and IU = 2 cm.

Draw the full scale

(i) plan of the remaining solid(ii) elevation of the remaining solid on a vertical plane parallel to PQ as viewed from Y.


Diagram 3(i)

Diagram 3(ii)



17.7 Past Year SPM Questions

November 2003

1(a) Diagram 1(i) shows a solid right prism with rectangular base FGPN on a horizontal

table. EFGHHJK is the uniform cross-section of the prism. Rectangle EKLM is an inclined

plane. Rectangle JHQR is a horizontal plane. EF,KJ and HG are vertical edges.

Draw to full scale the plan of the solid . [3 marks]

(b) A solid cuboid is joined to the prism in the Diagram 1(i).at the vertical plane PQRLMN. The

combined solid is as shown in the Diagram 1(ii). The square base FGSW is horizontal.

Draw full scale

(i) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to FG as viewed from C,

[ 4 marks ]

(ii) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to GPS as viewed from D.[5 marks ]


Diagram 1(i)

Diagram 1(ii)



July 2004

2(a) Diagram 4(i) shows a solid right prism with rectangular base ABCD on a horizontal table.

The surface ABLKGF is the uniform cross section of the prism. Rectangle EFGH is an

inclined plane and rectangle JKLM is a horizontal plane. AF, GK and BL are vertical edges

and GK = 2 cm.

Draw full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to AB as viewedfrom X. [ 3 marks ]

(b) Another solid right prism is joined to the prism in Diagram 4(i) at the vertical plane

CVJQ. The combined solid is as shown in Diagram 4(ii). Quadrilateral PQCW is the

uniform cross section of the prism. rectangle WCRU is an inclined plane and the square

TPWU is a horizontal plane. The base ABRSQD lies on a horizontal table,

KL = JM = 3 cm and GK = 2 cm.

Draw full scale,( i ) the plan of the combined solid [ 4 marks]

( ii ) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to BCR

as viewed from Y [ 5 marks]


Diagram 4(i)

Diagram 4(ii)



November 2004

3(a) Diagram 2(i) shows a solid consisting of a cuboid and a half cylinder which are joined at the

plane HJMN. The base GDEF is on a horizontal plane and HJ=3 cm

Draw to full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to DG as viewed from X.

[3 marks ]

(b) A solid right prism is joined to the solid in Diagram 2(i) at the vertical plane ELMW. The

combined solid is as shown in diagram 2(ii). Trapezium PMWU is the uniform cross-sectionof the prism and PQRM is an inclined plane. The base DEUTSWFG is on a horizontal plane

and EU= 2cm

Draw to full scale,

(i) the plan of the combined solid [4 marks](ii) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to UT

as view from Y [5 marks]


Diagram 2(i)

Diagram 2(ii)



July 2005

4(a) Diagram 5(i) shows a solid right prism with rectangular base ABCD on a horizontal table.

The surface ABLKGF is the cross-section of the prism. Rectangle GKJH is an inclined

plane. Rectangles JKLM and EFGH are horizontal planes. AF and BL are vertical edges.

Draw full scale, the plan of the solid [ 3 marks]

(b) Another solid cuboid is joined to the prism in Diagram 5(i) at the vertical plane DPJHE.

The combined solid is as shown in Diagram 5(ii). The base ABBCPQV lies on a horizontaltable.

Draw full scale,

( i) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to BCas viewed from X, [4 marks]

(ii) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to AB

as viewed from Y. [5 marks]


Diagram 5(i)

Diagram 5(ii)



November 2005

5(a) Diagram 3(i) shows a solid right prism with rectangular base PEFN on a horizontal table.

The surface EFGHJ is the uniform cross section of the prism. Rectangle KJHL is an inclined

plane and rectangle LHGM is a horizontal plane. JE and GF are vertical edges.

Draw full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to EF as viewedfrom X . [ 3 marks ]

(b) A solid right prism with uniform cross section UVWX is removed from the solid in

Diagram 3(i). The remaining solid is as shown in Diagram 3(ii) rectangle VSTW is a

horizontal plane. UV and XW are vertical edges. VS=3 cm and SE= 2 cm.

Draw full scale,

(i) the plan of the remaining solid [ 4 marks]

(ii) the elevation of the remaining solid on a vertical plane parallel to PE as viewed from Y .[ 5 marks]


Diagram 3(i)

Diagram 3(ii)



July 2006

6. (a) Diagram 7(i) shows a solid right prism with rectangular base ABCD on a horizontal plane.

The surface ABHGF is its uniform cross section. The rectangle EFGK is an inclined

plane and the square GHJK is a horizontal plane.The edges AF and BH are vertical.

Draw to full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to AB as viewed

from X . [ 3 marks ]

(b) Another solid right prism is joined to the solid in Diagram 7(i) at a vertical plane CJKL to

form a combined solid as shown in Diagram 7(ii). Trapezium KLMS is its uniform cross section.

The rectangle KSRQ is an inclined plane. The edges KL and SM are vertical. The base

ABCMNPLD is on a horizontal plane.

Draw to full scale,

(i) the plan of the combined solid, [ 4 marks](ii) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to ME as viewed from Y.




[ 5 marks]SPM Nov 2006

7(a) Diagram 8(i) shows a solid right prism. The surface KLSR is its uniform cross section.

The base JKLM is a rectangle on a horizontal plane. The rectangle JKRQ is an inclined plane

and the square QRST is a horizontal plane.

The edges SL and TM are vertical.

Draw to full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to LK as viewed

from X . [ 3 marks ]

(b) Another solid right prism is joined to the solid in Diagram 8(i) at the vertical plane KLSG

to form a combined solid as shown in Diagram 8(ii).

The trapezium ABCD is its uniform cross section and AFKB is an inclined plane

The rectangle ADEF is a horizontal plane.

The base JKBCLM is on a horizontal plane. The edge DC is vertical.

Draw to full scale,

(i) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to JB as viewed from Y

[ 4 marks]

(ii) the plan of the combined solid . [ 5 marks]




8 SPM Jul 2007

You are not allowed to use graph paper to answer this question.

(a) Diagram 6(i) shows a solid right prism with rectangular base FGRQ on a

horizontal plane. EFGHJKLM is the uniform cross-section of the prism.

Rectangles EMNP , LKUV and JHST are horizontal planes.

FE , LM , KJ and GH are vertical edges. EM = LK = JH = 2 cm.

Draw full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane

parallel to FG as viewed from A.


Diagram 6(i)

[3 marks]

P N

T

U

V

Q

S

R

F

J

E

G

H L

K

M

2 cm

6 cm

5 cm

6 cm

3 cm

3 cm

A



(b) Another solid right prism is joined to the solid in Diagram 6(i) at the vertical plane

PQRSTUVN . The combined solid is shown in Diagram 6(ii). Right-angled triangle

XYZ is its uniform cross-section of the prism.

The base FGRWQ lies on a horizontal plane and FQW is a straighf line.

Draw to full scale,

(i) the plan of the combined solid,

(ii) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel

to GR as viewed from B .


[4 marks]

P N

T

U V

Q

S

R

F

J

E

G

H L

K

M

2 cm

6 cm

5 cm

6 cm

3 cm

3 cm

Y

X

Z

W

3 cm

2 cm

B

Diagram 6(ii)

[5marks]



9 November 2007

You are not allowed to use graph paper to answr this question.

(a) Diagram 7(i) shows a solid right prism with rectanglular base ABCD

on a horizontal plane. The surface ABJHGF is the uniform cross-section of the prism. AF , HG and BJ are vertical edges. Rectangle

JKLH is a horizontal plane and rectangle GMEF is an inclined

plane.

Draw full scale, the plan of the solid.


[3 marks]

6 cm

5 cm

3 cm

8 cm

7 cm

4 cm

A

M

L

D

C

K

E

F

H

G

B

J

Diagram 7(i)



(b) A half-cylinder solid of diameter 6 cm is joined to the prism in

Diagram 7(i) at the plane SKLT . The length of SK is 4 cm .

The combined solid is shown in Diagram 7(ii).

Draw full scale,

(i) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel

to AB as viewed from P ,

(ii) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallelto BC as viewed from Q .


[4 marks]

[5 marks]

Diagram 7(ii)

C

A

B

J

K

D

F

LG E

M

T

S

H 4 cm

7 cm8 cm

5 cm

P

Q



10 Jun 2008


(a) Diagram 15(i) shows a solid right prism. The rectanglular base ABCD

lies on a horizontal plane. The rectangle ABGF is an inclined plane.Trapezium ADEF is the uniform cross-section of the prism.

The edges DE is vertical .

Draw to full scale, the plan of the solid.


D

C

E

H 3 cm

3 cm

5 cm

5 cm

G

F

A

4

c

m

[3 marks]

Diagram 15(i)



(b) Another solid right prism is joined to the solid in Diagram 15(i) at the

vertical plane DCHE . The composite solid is shown in Diagram 15(ii).

Pentagon QPNMR is the cross-section of the prism. PJKN is an

inclined plane and NKLM is a horizontal plane The base ABCSRQDlies on a horizontal plane. The edges RM and QP are vertical.

MN = QD = 2 cm and PQ = 6 cm.

Y

X

Draw to full scale

(i) the elevation of the composite solid on a vertical plane parallel

to RQ as viewed from X ,

(ii) the elevation of the composite solid on a vertical plane parallel

to AB as viewed from Y .


[4 marks]

[5 marks]

P

L

N

4 cm

K

Q

M

J

D

R

C S

E

H

7 cm

4 cm

5 cm

5 cm

G

F

A

B

Diagram 15(ii)



11 November 2008


(a) Diagram 15(i) shows a solid right prism with rectanglular base ABHG

on a horizontal plane.The surface ABCDE is the uniform cross-sectionof the prism. AE and BC are vertical edges. Rectangle DEFK is an

inclined plane and rectangle CDKJ is a horizontal plane.

Draw full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to AB as viewed from X .


[3 marks]

D C E

H

3 cm

5 cm

6 cm

8 cm

G

F

A

J

4cm

B

K

Diagram 15(i)

X



(b) A solid cuboid is cut and removed from the solid in Diagram 15(i).

The remaining solid is shown in Diagram 15(ii). Rectangle QRST is a horizontal plane. SB = 2 cm, UT = 3 cm and ST = 4 cm.

Draw to full scale,

(i) the plan of the remaining solid,

(ii) the elevation of the remaining solid on a vertical plane parallel

to BH as viewed from Y .


[4 marks]

D

Q

E

H

3 cm

5 cm

6 cm

8 cm

G

F

A

J

4cm

B

K

RS

W U

T

[4 marks]

Y



ANSWERS

Orthogonal

projection

Plan Front Elevation, X Side Elevation

Y1 1 3cm

3cm

1 3cm

3cm

1 3cm

3cm

2 2 5cm

3cm

24cm

5cm

2

4 cm

3cm

36 cm

3

6cm

5cm

3

6cm

5cm

3 45 cm

44cm

5cm

44cm

5cm

54cm

4cm 5

4cm

5cm

5

4cm

5cm

4 6 5cm

4cm

6

6 c m

4cm

6

6 c m

5 cm

7 5cm

6cm

74cm

5cm

7 6 cm

3cm

Orthogonal

projection

Plan Front Elevation, X Side Elevation

Y1 1 3cm

3cm

1 3cm

3cm

1 3cm

3cm

2 2 5cm

3cm

24cm

5cm

2

4 cm

3cm

36 cm

3

6cm

5cm

3

6cm

5cm

3 45 cm

44cm

5cm

44cm

5cm




54cm

4cm 5

4cm

5cm

5

4cm

5cm

4 6 5cm

4cm

6

6 c m

4cm

6

6 c m

5 cm

7 5cm

6cm

74cm

5cm

7 6 cm

3cm

8

6cm

85cm

6cm

8

5 cm

3cm

9 5cm

3cm

9 4 c m

2cm

5cm

9

3 cm

4cm

10

6cm

6cm

2cm

2cm

10

6cm

2cm

4cm

10

6cm

2cm

4cm

11 7cm

3cm

11 7cm

4cm

2cm

6 c m

11

3 cm

6 c m

12 7cm

3cm

12

7cm

4cm

2cm

6 cm

12

6 c m

17.43 Elevation involving hidden sides

1

.

2 3 4


3

cm5

cm

2

cm

1

cm1

cm



5 6 7

Plan Front elevation, X Side elevation, Y

1

2

6 cm

8 c m

8 c m

8 cm

5 c m

2cm 2cm

2cm

2 c m

8 cm

8 c m

5 c m

4cm

3 c m

3

6 cm

4 cm

2 cm 3 cm 1 cm

2 cm 4 cm

5

c m

1 cm

3 c m

4 cm

3

c m

2 c m

4

8 cm

2 cm

2 cm

3 cm 5 cm

2 cm

8 cm

4 c m

6 c m

1 cm

4 cm

7

c m

1 c m

1 c

m

2 c m

2 cm

5


3

2

1



6

1 a.

Y-elevation

7 c m

5 cm

2 cm1 cm

1 cm

3 cm

b.

Plan

1 cm

8 cm

5 c m

2 cm

c.

X-elevation

8 cm

7 c m

3 c m

3 c m

3 c m

1 cm

2 (a) (b)(i) (b)(ii)

3


4 cm

4cm

6cm

3cm

4

cm

6cm

2cm

2cm

4 cm 1 cm

4 cm

2 cm

1 cm

3 cm

4 cm

1 cm

3 cm1 cm

1 cm

2 cm

10

cm

4 cm

6 cm

2 cm

6 cm

3 cm3 cm

2 cm

6 cm

2 cm

2 cm



17.7 SPM past years questions

1) SPM2003(N)

1(b)(i)

1(b) (ii)


5 cm

X/T

G/P/S

2 cm

5 cm

2 cm

V/U

E/M

F/N/W7 cm

J/R

M,N2 cm

R

Q/P

J

H/G

5 cm

5 cm

2 cm

S/WP/NG/F

X//L/V

Q/R

M

T/U

7 cm

K

H/J

E

2 cm

2 cm

3 cm

5 cm 2 cm



2 SPM2004(Julai)

(a) (b) (i)

b(ii)

3 SPM2004(Nov)

(a)


3 cm

6 cm

2 cm

3 cm

5 cm

6 cm

3 cm

2 cm

4 cm

4 cm

6 cm

3 cm

2 cm

2cm

4 cm

3 cm

2 cm

4 cm 2cm

7cm



(b) (i)

b(ii)

4 SPM 2005(Julai)

(a)


P Q

R K/J/HL/M/N

D/GU/E/W/F

T/S

3 cm

4 cm

2 cm

2 cm

H/G N/F

J

K/D

M/W

P/U

R/S

L/E

Q/T

3 cm

3 cm

4 cm

5 cm

2 cm



(b) (i)

(ii)




5 SPM 2005(Nov)

(b)(i)

3 b(ii)


7 cm

8 cm

4 cm

J,K

H,L G,M

E,P F,N

K,P

U,V

S,E

L M,N

X,W

H,T G,F

K U

L,M

P,N

XH,G

V,WS,T

E,F



6 SPM 2006(Julai)




7 SPM 2006(Nov)




SPM 2007(Jun)

SPM 2007(Nov)




SPM 2008(Jun)

SPM 2008(Nov)

Plan & Elevation

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