Plagiarism 1 Plagiarism and Correct Documentation by Karey Perkins.

Plagiarism Plagiarism 11

Plagiarism and Plagiarism and Correct DocumentationCorrect Documentation

by by Karey PerkinsKarey Perkins


TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS Plagiarism: Definition and ConsequencesPlagiarism: Definition and Consequences Types of PlagiarismTypes of Plagiarism

Conscious Plagiarism – StealingConscious Plagiarism – Stealing Conscious Plagiarism - Lying and FalsifyingConscious Plagiarism - Lying and Falsifying Plagiarism due to Laziness, Confusion, CarelessnessPlagiarism due to Laziness, Confusion, Carelessness Inadvertent PlagiarismInadvertent Plagiarism

Copyright LawCopyright Law Pop Quiz 1 Pop Quiz 1

What is Common KnowledgeWhat is Common Knowledge Transferring informationTransferring information

QUOTESQUOTES PARAPHRASESPARAPHRASES SUMMARIESSUMMARIES

Pop Quiz 2Pop Quiz 2 When to cite and when not to citeWhen to cite and when not to cite


CONTENTS: In-Text CitationsCONTENTS: In-Text Citations Formatting in-text citationsFormatting in-text citations

Citing a PARAPHRASECiting a PARAPHRASE Citing a QUOTECiting a QUOTE Citing a source with NO AUTHORCiting a source with NO AUTHOR Citing INTERNET SOURCES Citing INTERNET SOURCES

Citing Internet Sources: PARAPHRASESCiting Internet Sources: PARAPHRASES Citing Internet Sources: QUOTESCiting Internet Sources: QUOTES

Formatting the entire paperFormatting the entire paper Running HeadRunning Head Title PageTitle Page The AbstractThe Abstract The First Page/Inside PagesThe First Page/Inside Pages The References PageThe References Page

Pop Quiz 3Pop Quiz 3 When to Underline, Italicize or Quote TitlesWhen to Underline, Italicize or Quote Titles


CONTENTS: The References PageCONTENTS: The References PageWriting Entries for your References PageWriting Entries for your References Page

References page entry for a BOOKReferences page entry for a BOOK References page entry for a NEWSPAPER or MAGAZINE ARTICLEReferences page entry for a NEWSPAPER or MAGAZINE ARTICLE References page entry for a JOURNAL ARTICLE (print version)References page entry for a JOURNAL ARTICLE (print version) References page entry for a SELECTION FROM AN EDITED BOOKReferences page entry for a SELECTION FROM AN EDITED BOOK References page entries for INTERNET SOURCES References page entries for INTERNET SOURCES References page entry for a Web Page or File from a WebsiteReferences page entry for a Web Page or File from a Website References page entry for an ELECTRONIC LIBRARY SOURCEReferences page entry for an ELECTRONIC LIBRARY SOURCE References page entry for an ELECTRONIC PRINT SOURCEReferences page entry for an ELECTRONIC PRINT SOURCE References page entry for a source from an ELECTRONIC LIBRARY References page entry for a source from an ELECTRONIC LIBRARY

DATABASE (Proquest, EBSCOHost, Lexis-Nexus, etc.)DATABASE (Proquest, EBSCOHost, Lexis-Nexus, etc.) POP QUIZ 4: Newspaper Documentation ActivityPOP QUIZ 4: Newspaper Documentation Activity POP QUIZ 5: Essay in Book Documentation ActivityPOP QUIZ 5: Essay in Book Documentation Activity Daily Work PortfolioDaily Work Portfolio


PLAGIARISM…PLAGIARISM… ……is a violation of U.S. copyright law with severe is a violation of U.S. copyright law with severe

consequences.consequences. Academically, the consequences are:Academically, the consequences are:

““First offense: an “F” on the piece of work, and written First offense: an “F” on the piece of work, and written record sent to Student Servicesrecord sent to Student Services

Second offense: an “F” for the course, and written Second offense: an “F” for the course, and written record sent to Student Servicesrecord sent to Student Services

Third offense: expulsion from school.Third offense: expulsion from school.

Other consequences are:Other consequences are: Loss of credibilityLoss of credibility Loss of authorityLoss of authority Loss of jobLoss of job Loss of revenue for owner of the original propertyLoss of revenue for owner of the original property


Consequences of Careless Consequences of Careless Documentation and CitationDocumentation and Citation

The NRA’s and conservative groups’ “lynching” of Emory The NRA’s and conservative groups’ “lynching” of Emory history professor Michael Bellisiles’ history professor Michael Bellisiles’ Arming America: The Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun CultureOrigins of a National Gun Culture: : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arming_America,_The_Origins_ofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arming_America,_The_Origins_of_a_National_Gun_Culture_a_National_Gun_Culture

http://chronicle.com/free/v51/i17/17a00802.htmhttp://chronicle.com/free/v51/i17/17a00802.htm

http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htmhttp://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm


But what is “plagiarism”?But what is “plagiarism”? It is presenting other’s work, words, or ideas as It is presenting other’s work, words, or ideas as

your own, or documenting such work incorrectly, your own, or documenting such work incorrectly, whether intentional or not intentional.whether intentional or not intentional.

There are four kinds or levels of plagiarism:There are four kinds or levels of plagiarism: Cheating or StealingCheating or Stealing Lying and FalsifyingLying and Falsifying Plagiarism due to Laziness, Confusion,Plagiarism due to Laziness, Confusion, CarelessnessCarelessness Inadvertent PlagiarismInadvertent Plagiarism


Conscious Plagiarism - StealingConscious Plagiarism - Stealing Copying from another’s exam, homework, Copying from another’s exam, homework,

term paper, computer program, etc.term paper, computer program, etc. Buying a term paperBuying a term paper Submitting work done by another personSubmitting work done by another person Allowing another person to use your workAllowing another person to use your work Using a source forbidden by the instructor, Using a source forbidden by the instructor,

such as such as Cliff NotesCliff Notes


Lying and FalsifyingLying and Falsifying Presenting one’s own work, words, or data as Presenting one’s own work, words, or data as

if it came from an outside sourceif it came from an outside source Making up statistical dataMaking up statistical data Making up interviewsMaking up interviews Falsifying or making up lab tests, resultsFalsifying or making up lab tests, results Falsifying citations in term papersFalsifying citations in term papers


Plagiarism due toPlagiarism due toLaziness, Confusion, CarelessnessLaziness, Confusion, Carelessness

Failure to credit source of ideasFailure to credit source of ideas Failure to credit source of exact words or Failure to credit source of exact words or

phrasesphrases Penalty often the same as for cheating, unless Penalty often the same as for cheating, unless

professor elects otherwiseprofessor elects otherwise


Inadvertent PlagiarismInadvertent Plagiarism Failure to credit source of some words or Failure to credit source of some words or

phrases through quotation marks, even if phrases through quotation marks, even if source is citedsource is cited

Failure to credit sentence structure of original Failure to credit sentence structure of original through quotation marks, even if source is through quotation marks, even if source is citedcited

Ignorance, unfamiliarity with subject or Ignorance, unfamiliarity with subject or language primary causeslanguage primary causes

Penalties less severe in undergraduate workPenalties less severe in undergraduate work


Reasons students perceive Reasons students perceive plagiarism as “worth it”plagiarism as “worth it”

Work submitted by deadlineWork submitted by deadline Better grade on the piece of workBetter grade on the piece of work Better grade in the courseBetter grade in the course Respect of the professor for the quality of the Respect of the professor for the quality of the

workwork Admiration of peersAdmiration of peers


Reasons to not plagiarizeReasons to not plagiarize No risk of “F” on work or class or expulsionNo risk of “F” on work or class or expulsion Adds credibility to work and to studentAdds credibility to work and to student Adds authority to the work itselfAdds authority to the work itself Gives sense of pride in the workGives sense of pride in the work Self-respect and professor/colleague’s respectSelf-respect and professor/colleague’s respect Allows reader to find original sourceAllows reader to find original source Gives “credit where credit is due”Gives “credit where credit is due” It’s the right thing to doIt’s the right thing to do


If Plagiarism is Suspected…If Plagiarism is Suspected… Proof of plagiarism does NOT lie with Proof of plagiarism does NOT lie with

professorprofessor Proof of authenticity of work lies with studentProof of authenticity of work lies with student Professor may require:Professor may require:

Notes and/or draft of paperNotes and/or draft of paper Oral examinationOral examination New examination, proctored by professorNew examination, proctored by professor Copy of actual source materialCopy of actual source material Any other type of proofAny other type of proof


Under Copyright Law, a Writer Owns Under Copyright Law, a Writer Owns His/her own His/her own IDEASIDEAS (NOT general information or (NOT general information or

common knowledge)common knowledge)ANDAND

His/her own His/her own WORDSWORDS through which the ideas are through which the ideas are expressedexpressed

ANDAND His/her own His/her own SYNTAX SYNTAX (sentence formation) (sentence formation)

through which the words are ordered for style, effect, through which the words are ordered for style, effect, and clarityand clarity

Plagiarism Plagiarism 1616Copyright Law – “Fair Use” Copyright Law – “Fair Use” Can use without author’s permission but still must citeCan use without author’s permission but still must cite

One of the rights accorded to the owner of copyright is the right to reproduce or to One of the rights accorded to the owner of copyright is the right to reproduce or to authorize others to reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords. This right is authorize others to reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords. This right is subject to certain limitations found in sections 107 through 118 of the Copyright subject to certain limitations found in sections 107 through 118 of the Copyright Act (Act (title 17, U. S. Codetitle 17, U. S. Code). One of the more important limitations is the doctrine of ). One of the more important limitations is the doctrine of “fair use.” Although fair use was not mentioned in the previous copyright law, the “fair use.” Although fair use was not mentioned in the previous copyright law, the doctrine has developed through a substantial number of court decisions over the doctrine has developed through a substantial number of court decisions over the years. This doctrine has been codified in section 107 of the copyright law.years. This doctrine has been codified in section 107 of the copyright law.

Section 107 contains a list of the various purposes for which the reproduction of a Section 107 contains a list of the various purposes for which the reproduction of a particular work may be considered “fair,” such as criticism, comment, news particular work may be considered “fair,” such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Section 107 also sets out four factors reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Section 107 also sets out four factors to be considered in determining whether or not a particular use is fair:to be considered in determining whether or not a particular use is fair:

the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;

the nature of the copyrighted work;the nature of the copyrighted work; amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted

work as a whole; and work as a whole; and the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the

copyrighted work. copyrighted work. The distinction between “fair use” and infringement may be unclear and not easily The distinction between “fair use” and infringement may be unclear and not easily

defined. There is no specific number of words, lines, or notes that may safely be defined. There is no specific number of words, lines, or notes that may safely be taken without permission. Acknowledging the source of the copyrighted material taken without permission. Acknowledging the source of the copyrighted material does not substitute for obtaining permission.does not substitute for obtaining permission.

United States Copyright Office. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from: United States Copyright Office. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from: http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.htmlhttp://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html


Pop Quiz 1:Pop Quiz 1: Which statements below are Which statements below are common knowledge? Why or why not?common knowledge? Why or why not?1. Robert Frost recited the poem, “The Gift Outright,” on January 20, 1961, 1. Robert Frost recited the poem, “The Gift Outright,” on January 20, 1961,

for John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address.for John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address.2. Sugar causes tooth decay in children and adults.2. Sugar causes tooth decay in children and adults.3. The earth is 93.2 million miles from the sun.3. The earth is 93.2 million miles from the sun.4. It seems that the majority of people find their solutions to problems or 4. It seems that the majority of people find their solutions to problems or

puzzles not through labored and sequential logical calculations, but puzzles not through labored and sequential logical calculations, but through an “aha! experience,” an instantaneous insight arising from the through an “aha! experience,” an instantaneous insight arising from the subconscious.subconscious.

5. Universal grammatical rules do not originate in any brain location or 5. Universal grammatical rules do not originate in any brain location or through a genetic determination, but rather, they emerge spontaneously through a genetic determination, but rather, they emerge spontaneously and evolve through adaptation.and evolve through adaptation.

6. Elephants are mammals of the pachyderm family of the Proboscidea 6. Elephants are mammals of the pachyderm family of the Proboscidea order, and only three living species remain: the African Bush Elephant, order, and only three living species remain: the African Bush Elephant, the African Forest Elephant, and the Asian, or Indian, Elephant.the African Forest Elephant, and the Asian, or Indian, Elephant.

Access the quiz worksheet HERE


1, 2, 3, and 6 are common knowledge;1, 2, 3, and 6 are common knowledge;44 and and 5 5 are NOT and so MUST BE CITEDare NOT and so MUST BE CITED1. Robert Frost recited the poem, “The Gift Outright,” on January 20, 1961, 1. Robert Frost recited the poem, “The Gift Outright,” on January 20, 1961,

for John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address.for John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address.

2. Sugar causes tooth decay in children and adults.2. Sugar causes tooth decay in children and adults.

3. The earth is 93.2 million miles from the sun.3. The earth is 93.2 million miles from the sun.

4. It seems that the majority of people found their solutions to problems or 4. It seems that the majority of people found their solutions to problems or puzzles not through labored and sequential logical calculations, but puzzles not through labored and sequential logical calculations, but through an “aha! experience,” an instantaneous insight arising from the through an “aha! experience,” an instantaneous insight arising from the subconscious (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997, p. 104-5).subconscious (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997, p. 104-5).

5. Universal grammatical rules do not originate in any brain location or 5. Universal grammatical rules do not originate in any brain location or through a genetic determination, but rather, they emerge spontaneously through a genetic determination, but rather, they emerge spontaneously and evolve through adaptation (Deacon, 1997).and evolve through adaptation (Deacon, 1997).

6. Elephants are mammals of the pachyderm family of the Proboscidea 6. Elephants are mammals of the pachyderm family of the Proboscidea order, and only three living species remain: the African Bush Elephant, order, and only three living species remain: the African Bush Elephant, the African Forest Elephant, and the Asian, or Indian, Elephant.the African Forest Elephant, and the Asian, or Indian, Elephant.

Plagiarism Plagiarism 1919Author’s unique ideas (must cite)Author’s unique ideas (must cite)vs.vs.

Common knowledge (don’t cite)Common knowledge (don’t cite)

Author’s unique ideas Author’s unique ideas (must cite)(must cite)

Information that the author Information that the author has researched herselfhas researched herself

Information that the author Information that the author has discovered (his own has discovered (his own experiments, etc.) himselfexperiments, etc.) himself

Thoughts, insights, opinions, Thoughts, insights, opinions, and ideas of the author that and ideas of the author that are original to that authorare original to that author

Author’s own synthesis of Author’s own synthesis of other’s information or own other’s information or own conclusions from other’s conclusions from other’s information information

Common knowledge (don’t Common knowledge (don’t cite)cite)

Information that appears in Information that appears in multiple sourcesmultiple sources

Information that most Information that most educated people know, educated people know, though they may have to though they may have to remind themselves by remind themselves by checking a reference bookchecking a reference book

You may not already know You may not already know the information before you the information before you find it in your source, but if find it in your source, but if it conforms to one of the it conforms to one of the above criteria, it is still above criteria, it is still common knowledgecommon knowledge


Transferring information from Transferring information from your source to your paperyour source to your paper

When you put another’s work, words, or ideas within When you put another’s work, words, or ideas within the text of your paper, you maythe text of your paper, you may

QUOTEQUOTE

PARAPHRASEPARAPHRASE

SUMMARIZESUMMARIZE


QUOTESQUOTES Convey your author’s ideas in the AUTHOR’S words, not your Convey your author’s ideas in the AUTHOR’S words, not your

own words.own words.

ALL word-for-word renditions MUST BE IN QUOTATION ALL word-for-word renditions MUST BE IN QUOTATION MARKS. (i.e.: Don’t forget the “ ”)MARKS. (i.e.: Don’t forget the “ ”)

In in-text citations for quotes, you need page numbers in addition In in-text citations for quotes, you need page numbers in addition to author and year: (Smith, 1999, to author and year: (Smith, 1999, p. 45p. 45).).

If passage is If passage is 40 or more words40 or more words, indent the quote (APA style , indent the quote (APA style only) and leave out the quotations marks.only) and leave out the quotations marks.

Integrate quote smoothly and correctly.Integrate quote smoothly and correctly.


Quote the author EXACTLYQuote the author EXACTLY Quote EXACTLY (word-for-word, punctuation for punctuation).Quote EXACTLY (word-for-word, punctuation for punctuation).

Even if the author makes a mistake, you must include it (with a Even if the author makes a mistake, you must include it (with a [[sicsic]] after after the mistake).the mistake).

““The nation must follow thier The nation must follow thier [[sicsic]] example” (Jones, 2005, p. A1). example” (Jones, 2005, p. A1).

If you add your own words for clarity, BRACKET your additions.If you add your own words for clarity, BRACKET your additions. “ “He He [[President BushPresident Bush]] vowed to veto the vowed to veto the [[stem-cell researchstem-cell research]] bill” (Jones, 2006, p. A8).bill” (Jones, 2006, p. A8).

If you subtract unnecessary words, use an ellipses (3 dots) (…) Have a If you subtract unnecessary words, use an ellipses (3 dots) (…) Have a period after the ellipses if it is at end of sentence (4 dots) (….)period after the ellipses if it is at end of sentence (4 dots) (….) ““He [President Bush] cited numerous reasons for a troop surgeHe [President Bush] cited numerous reasons for a troop surge…. …. Chief Chief

among them was the need to among them was the need to ‘‘winwin’’ in Iraq” (Jones, 2007, p. A1). in Iraq” (Jones, 2007, p. A1).

If you have a quote within a quote, use single quotes for the inside quote, If you have a quote within a quote, use single quotes for the inside quote, not double quotes. (See example above.)not double quotes. (See example above.)


WHEN to quoteWHEN to quote quote sparinglyquote sparingly, usually no more than 10-15% of your , usually no more than 10-15% of your

citations citations quote if author has said somethingquote if author has said something

Uniquely wordedUniquely worded Technical and difficult to translateTechnical and difficult to translate Something you will object to or refuteSomething you will object to or refute Speaker is famous or has special authoritySpeaker is famous or has special authority

don’t begin or end paragraph with a quotedon’t begin or end paragraph with a quote


PARAPHRASESPARAPHRASES convey your author’s ideas in YOUR own words, not hisconvey your author’s ideas in YOUR own words, not his keep the same amount of information and detail – the keep the same amount of information and detail – the

passage in your paper should be same length and text space passage in your paper should be same length and text space as the passage in your sourceas the passage in your source

do not skip pointsdo not skip points do not guess at meanings (i.e.: inserting your ideas)do not guess at meanings (i.e.: inserting your ideas) do not interpret (i.e.: inserting your ideas)do not interpret (i.e.: inserting your ideas) only after you cite the paraphrase will you then add only after you cite the paraphrase will you then add

your commentsyour comments


Paraphrase without plagiarizingParaphrase without plagiarizing COMPLETELY restate the material COMPLETELY restate the material transform your author’s diction (words) transform your author’s diction (words)

Unique words must be changedUnique words must be changed Simple common words may stay sameSimple common words may stay same But no more than 3 words same in a rowBut no more than 3 words same in a row See handbook examples See handbook examples

transform your author’s syntax (sentence structure)transform your author’s syntax (sentence structure) For example, if your author begin with a prepositional For example, if your author begin with a prepositional

phrase, you should notphrase, you should not See handbook examplesSee handbook examples


Paragraph to paraphraseParagraph to paraphrase These two minds, the emotional and the rational, operate in These two minds, the emotional and the rational, operate in

tight harmony for the most part, intertwining their very tight harmony for the most part, intertwining their very different ways of knowing to guide us through the world. different ways of knowing to guide us through the world. Ordinarily there is a balance between the emotional and Ordinarily there is a balance between the emotional and rational minds, with emotion feeding into and refining and rational minds, with emotion feeding into and refining and sometimes vetoing the inputs of the emotions. Still, the sometimes vetoing the inputs of the emotions. Still, the emotional and rational minds are semi-independent faculties, emotional and rational minds are semi-independent faculties, each, as we shall see, reflecting the operation of distinct, but each, as we shall see, reflecting the operation of distinct, but interconnected, circuitry of the brain (Goleman 1995).interconnected, circuitry of the brain (Goleman 1995).


Unacceptable paraphraseUnacceptable paraphrase ORIGINAL:ORIGINAL: These two minds, the These two minds, the

emotional and the rational, operate emotional and the rational, operate in tight harmony for the most part, in tight harmony for the most part, intertwining their very different intertwining their very different ways of knowing to guide us ways of knowing to guide us through the world. Ordinarily there through the world. Ordinarily there is a balance between the emotional is a balance between the emotional and rational minds, with emotion and rational minds, with emotion feeding into and refining and feeding into and refining and sometimes vetoing the inputs of the sometimes vetoing the inputs of the emotions. Still, the emotional and emotions. Still, the emotional and rational minds are semi-independent rational minds are semi-independent faculties, each, as we shall see, faculties, each, as we shall see, reflecting the operation of distinct, reflecting the operation of distinct, but interconnected, circuitry of the but interconnected, circuitry of the brain (Goleman 1995).brain (Goleman 1995).

UNACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE:UNACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE:

The emotional and the rational parts of The emotional and the rational parts of our mind our mind operate in tight harmony for operate in tight harmony for the most partthe most part as they help us make our as they help us make our way through our lives. Usually the two way through our lives. Usually the two minds are balanced, minds are balanced, with emotional with emotional feeding into and informing the feeding into and informing the operations of the rational mind, and the operations of the rational mind, and the rational mind refining and sometimesrational mind refining and sometimes overruling what the emotions desire. overruling what the emotions desire. Still, the emotional and rational minds Still, the emotional and rational minds are semi-independent facultiesare semi-independent faculties, for as , for as research shows, although they function research shows, although they function separately, they are linked to the brain separately, they are linked to the brain (Goleman 1995).(Goleman 1995).


Acceptable paraphraseAcceptable paraphrase

ORIGINAL:ORIGINAL: These two minds, the These two minds, the emotional and the rational, operate in emotional and the rational, operate in tight harmony for the most part, tight harmony for the most part, intertwining their very different intertwining their very different ways of knowing to guide us through ways of knowing to guide us through the world. Ordinarily there is a the world. Ordinarily there is a balance between the emotional and balance between the emotional and rational minds, with emotion feeding rational minds, with emotion feeding into and refining and sometimes into and refining and sometimes vetoing the inputs of the emotions. vetoing the inputs of the emotions. Still, the emotional and rational Still, the emotional and rational minds are semi-independent minds are semi-independent faculties, each, as we shall see, faculties, each, as we shall see, reflecting the operation of distinct, reflecting the operation of distinct, but interconnected, circuitry of the but interconnected, circuitry of the brain (Goleman 1995).brain (Goleman 1995).

ACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE: ACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE: According to Goleman (1995), the According to Goleman (1995), the emotional and rational parts of our emotional and rational parts of our mind work together to help us make mind work together to help us make our way through our lives. Usually the our way through our lives. Usually the two minds have equal input. The two minds have equal input. The emotional mind provides information emotional mind provides information to the logical mind, and the logical to the logical mind, and the logical mind processes the date and sometimes mind processes the date and sometimes overrules the emotional desires. overrules the emotional desires. Nevertheless, while the two minds Nevertheless, while the two minds show a biological connection in the show a biological connection in the brain, each can assert some brain, each can assert some independence.independence.


SUMMARIESSUMMARIES

Same as paraphrase: completely in your own words EXCEPTSame as paraphrase: completely in your own words EXCEPT condense the author’s messagecondense the author’s message convey author’s ideas in shorter form, with less detailconvey author’s ideas in shorter form, with less detail just convey the major concepts just convey the major concepts sum up author’s main points sum up author’s main points follow paraphrase guidelines abovefollow paraphrase guidelines above


Pop Quiz 2Pop Quiz 2Which MUST receive Which MUST receive in-text citations?in-text citations?

Which MUST get a Which MUST get a bibliographic entry?bibliographic entry?

Author’s Own Author’s Own Ideas/InfoIdeas/Info

Common KnowledgeCommon Knowledge

In-text In-text citation?citation?

Bibliographic Bibliographic Entry?Entry?

In-Text In-Text Citation?Citation?


QUOTEQUOTE Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No

PARAPHRASEPARAPHRASE Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No

SUMMARYSUMMARY Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No Yes NoYes No



POP QUIZ HINT #1:POP QUIZ HINT #1:Remember, under copyright law, a writer owns:Remember, under copyright law, a writer owns:

His/her own His/her own IDEASIDEAS (but not general information (but not general information or common knowledge)or common knowledge)

ANDAND His/her own His/her own WORDSWORDS through which the ideas are through which the ideas are

expressedexpressedANDAND

His/her own His/her own SYNTAX SYNTAX (sentence formation) (sentence formation) through which the words are ordered for style, effect, through which the words are ordered for style, effect, and clarityand clarity


Pop Quiz Hint # 2Pop Quiz Hint # 2 In-Text citation = Required Bibliographic EntryIn-Text citation = Required Bibliographic Entry Every in-text citation ALWAYS has a corresponding Every in-text citation ALWAYS has a corresponding

bibliography (references page) entrybibliography (references page) entry Since the in-text citation is only the author’s last Since the in-text citation is only the author’s last

name/year/page number, it is meaningless to your name/year/page number, it is meaningless to your reader unless the rest of the information is given (in reader unless the rest of the information is given (in the references page at the end of your paper).the references page at the end of your paper).


AnswersAnswersAuthor’s own ideas/infoAuthor’s own ideas/info Common knowledgeCommon knowledge

In text In text citation?citation?


In Text In Text Citation?Citation?

Bibliographic Bibliographic EntryEntry

QUOTEQUOTE YESYES YESYES YESYES YESYES

PARAPHRASEPARAPHRASE YESYES YESYES NONO NONO

SUMMARYSUMMARY YESYES YESYES NONO NONO


Types of documentation stylesTypes of documentation styles APA: American Psychological AssociationAPA: American Psychological Association

In social science, year of study/experiment is importantIn social science, year of study/experiment is important Studies often short, so page not importantStudies often short, so page not important Year is included in citation and second in bibliographyYear is included in citation and second in bibliography Many scientists, so up to five authors in citationsMany scientists, so up to five authors in citations

MLA: Modern Language AssociationMLA: Modern Language Association In English and humanities, long works (books) are often doneIn English and humanities, long works (books) are often done Page number is important to find the referencePage number is important to find the reference Year is less important as humanities information less transient than scienceYear is less important as humanities information less transient than science Usually only one or very few authors, so only two authors names in citationsUsually only one or very few authors, so only two authors names in citations

CM: Chicago Manual (also called “Chicago style”)CM: Chicago Manual (also called “Chicago style”) For English, humanities and historyFor English, humanities and history Two kinds of styles: “name-year” and notes (numerals)Two kinds of styles: “name-year” and notes (numerals)

CBE: Council of Biology EditorsCBE: Council of Biology Editors Other, less common styles as well, specific to certain disciplines Other, less common styles as well, specific to certain disciplines

and occasionsand occasions


DeVry/Georgia Style: APADeVry/Georgia Style: APA At DeVry we have chosen to use APA style (Social At DeVry we have chosen to use APA style (Social

Sciences style) for a consistent style students can use Sciences style) for a consistent style students can use throughout their career here. throughout their career here.

In future writing situations, you should use whatever In future writing situations, you should use whatever style is appropriate to the subject you are writing on.style is appropriate to the subject you are writing on.

In future writing situations, you should also use In future writing situations, you should also use whatever style is requested by your professor or whatever style is requested by your professor or journal or conference or writing situation.journal or conference or writing situation.

If you know how to use one style (in this case, I’ll If you know how to use one style (in this case, I’ll teach you APA), these skills are easily transferable to teach you APA), these skills are easily transferable to any other style you may need, with the help of your any other style you may need, with the help of your handbook as a reference.handbook as a reference.


Correct DocumentationCorrect Documentation To use somebody else’s work in your paper, To use somebody else’s work in your paper,

whether you have used a quote, paraphrase, or summary of their work,whether you have used a quote, paraphrase, or summary of their work,

you must CITE their work (and do so CORRECTLY) in you must CITE their work (and do so CORRECTLY) in TWOTWO places: places:

(2) BIBLIOGRAPHY(2) BIBLIOGRAPHY at the end of your paper, a at the end of your paper, a

properly formatted properly formatted ALPHABETICAL list of ALL ALPHABETICAL list of ALL the sources you used to the sources you used to write your paper (called write your paper (called “references” (APA) or “references” (APA) or “works cited” (MLA) or “works cited” (MLA) or “notes” (CM)“notes” (CM)

(1) IN-TEXT CITATIONS(1) IN-TEXT CITATIONS noting, in parenthesis, in the noting, in parenthesis, in the

text (MIDDLE) of the paper text (MIDDLE) of the paper itself, right after the information itself, right after the information you included in your paper from you included in your paper from the source, that the statement the source, that the statement you have just written was you have just written was another person’s words or ideas, another person’s words or ideas, by author’s last name, year, and by author’s last name, year, and page number page number

You must cite in BOTH of these places, or you have plagiarized.


FORMATTINGFORMATTING

Formatting correctly is very important in Formatting correctly is very important in documentation; incorrect punctuation or wrong documentation; incorrect punctuation or wrong information or other formatting can be information or other formatting can be inadvertent plagiarism and can receive a inadvertent plagiarism and can receive a “zero” as well as intentional plagiarism. We “zero” as well as intentional plagiarism. We will look at:will look at:

Formatting yourFormatting your in-text citationsin-text citations Formatting yourFormatting your References pageReferences page


Formatting in-text citationsFormatting in-text citations Citations give credit to your source IN THE MIDDLE OF Citations give credit to your source IN THE MIDDLE OF

YOUR PAPER.YOUR PAPER.

They go immediately They go immediately AFTERAFTER the information from your the information from your source that you used.source that you used.

They go They go BEFOREBEFORE the punctuation (usually a period, the punctuation (usually a period, sometimes a semi-colon or comma).sometimes a semi-colon or comma).

They They ALWAYSALWAYS have a corresponding References page have a corresponding References page (bibliography) entry.(bibliography) entry.

Basic APA style has the following: parenthesis, author’s Basic APA style has the following: parenthesis, author’s last name, comma, year, close parenthesis, period or last name, comma, year, close parenthesis, period or comma or semicolon, as in:comma or semicolon, as in:

Blah, blah, blah (Williams, 2003).Blah, blah, blah (Williams, 2003).


In-text citation for a In-text citation for a PARAPHRASEPARAPHRASE

Blah, blah, blah (Author’s last name, year).

Example: Example:

Global warming is increasing the earth’s Global warming is increasing the earth’s temperature by an average of 1 degree every temperature by an average of 1 degree every 500 years (Smith, 1999).500 years (Smith, 1999).


In-text citation for a In-text citation for a QUOTEQUOTE

The The PAGE NUMBERPAGE NUMBER is required for direct quotations is required for direct quotations only. (In paraphrases, it is optional, depending on your only. (In paraphrases, it is optional, depending on your professor’s or the journal’s preference):professor’s or the journal’s preference):

“ “Blah, blah, blah” (Author’s last name, year, p. #).Blah, blah, blah” (Author’s last name, year, p. #).

Example:Example: Some scientists believe that “without aggressive Some scientists believe that “without aggressive

intervention in systems of present energy use, the intervention in systems of present energy use, the beaches of Florida will be underwater by the year 2500” beaches of Florida will be underwater by the year 2500” (Smith, 1999, p. 54).(Smith, 1999, p. 54).


More Examples of In-text Citations for QUOTESMore Examples of In-text Citations for QUOTES

One of his questions is “What binds together a One of his questions is “What binds together a Mormon banker in Utah with his brother, or Mormon banker in Utah with his brother, or other coreligionists in Illinois or other coreligionists in Illinois or Massachusetts?” (Coles, 1993, p.2).Massachusetts?” (Coles, 1993, p.2).

Binkley (1990) reports reductions in SAD-Binkley (1990) reports reductions in SAD-related “depression in 87 percent of patients” related “depression in 87 percent of patients” (p. 203).(p. 203).


Review of basic APA in-text citationReview of basic APA in-text citationIn-text citation of a PARAPHRASE: In-text citation of a PARAPHRASE:

Blah, blah, blah (Smith, 2006).Blah, blah, blah (Smith, 2006).

In-text citation of a QUOTE:In-text citation of a QUOTE: ““Blah, blah, blah” (Smith, 2006, p. 45).Blah, blah, blah” (Smith, 2006, p. 45).

Alternate in-text citation placement for a PARAPHRASE:Alternate in-text citation placement for a PARAPHRASE:Smith (2006) believes yadda, yadda, yadda.Smith (2006) believes yadda, yadda, yadda.

Alternate in-text citation placement for a QUOTE:Alternate in-text citation placement for a QUOTE:According to Smith (2006), “Yadda, yadda, yadda” (p. 45).According to Smith (2006), “Yadda, yadda, yadda” (p. 45).


Citing LONG quotes: Citing LONG quotes: 40 or more40 or more words words

Jet lag, with its characteristic fatigue and irregular sleep patterns is a Jet lag, with its characteristic fatigue and irregular sleep patterns is a common problem among those who travel great distances by jet airplane to common problem among those who travel great distances by jet airplane to different time zones: different time zones:

Jet lag syndrome is the inability of the internal body rhythm to Jet lag syndrome is the inability of the internal body rhythm to rapidly resynchronize after sudden shifts in the timing. For a rapidly resynchronize after sudden shifts in the timing. For a variety of reasons, the system attempts to maintain stability to variety of reasons, the system attempts to maintain stability to resist temporal change. Consequently, complete adjustment can resist temporal change. Consequently, complete adjustment can often be delayed for several days – sometimes for a week – after often be delayed for several days – sometimes for a week – after arrival at one’s destination. (Bonner, 1991, p. 72)arrival at one’s destination. (Bonner, 1991, p. 72)

Clearly, the traveler across multiple time zones will not be able to Clearly, the traveler across multiple time zones will not be able to immediately work or play as effectively as he can a few days later.immediately work or play as effectively as he can a few days later.

If your quote is over 40 words, then: 1. INDENT the entire quote five spaces (characters) from the margin2. Do NOT use quotation marks3. Parenthetical in-text citation goes AFTER the period 4. Parenthetical citation is indented with the quote


In-text citation for a source with In-text citation for a source with NO AUTHORNO AUTHOR

When When no authorno author is indicated, you use AN is indicated, you use AN ABBREVIATEDABBREVIATED VERSION of the VERSION of the TITLETITLE of the article (with quotation marks) of the article (with quotation marks) in place of the author’s last name:in place of the author’s last name:

Blah, blah, blah (“Short Title,” 2006).Blah, blah, blah (“Short Title,” 2006).

ExampleExample::

The state of Georgia ranked lowest in the nation The state of Georgia ranked lowest in the nation of average SAT scores, with the exception of of average SAT scores, with the exception of the District of Columbia the District of Columbia (“Georgia SAT’s,” (“Georgia SAT’s,” 2002, p. A1).2002, p. A1).

NOTE: NOTE: In APA style, the title DOES get quotation marks in the in-text citation, In APA style, the title DOES get quotation marks in the in-text citation, but does NOT quoted in the References page. Also, the comma goes INSIDE the but does NOT quoted in the References page. Also, the comma goes INSIDE the quotation mark of the title.quotation mark of the title.


In-text Citation of In-text Citation of Internet SourcesInternet Sources

NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER,NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER use the NEVER use the Internet web addressInternet web address

(http://www.etc.etc.com) (http://www.etc.etc.com) in your in-text citation!!!!!!!**in your in-text citation!!!!!!!**


**EXCEPTION**EXCEPTION****There is one exception to Internet addresses as in-text There is one exception to Internet addresses as in-text

citations:citations: When referring to the WHOLE web site (not just a single page When referring to the WHOLE web site (not just a single page

or file from the site), then put the web address for the entire site or file from the site), then put the web address for the entire site in your in-text citations.in your in-text citations.

You will NOT have a corresponding references page entry.You will NOT have a corresponding references page entry. This is the only time an Internet address is an in-text citation!!This is the only time an Internet address is an in-text citation!! This is the only time an in-text citation does not have a This is the only time an in-text citation does not have a

matching reference page entry!!matching reference page entry!! Example:Example:

ThomasThomas is the name of an excellent source for is the name of an excellent source for

government documents on the web (http://thomas.loc.gov).government documents on the web (http://thomas.loc.gov).


Citing Internet SourcesCiting Internet SourcesPARAPHRASESPARAPHRASES

The Internet source will often have an The Internet source will often have an AUTHORAUTHOR, (so use , (so use author’s name as in your other sources):author’s name as in your other sources):

Blah, blah, blah (Taylor, 2007).Blah, blah, blah (Taylor, 2007).

If your Internet source doesn’t have an author, use a If your Internet source doesn’t have an author, use a SHORTENED TITLESHORTENED TITLE of the web source ( of the web source (the pagethe page, not the , not the whole site):whole site):

Blah, blah, blah (“Women’s Health,” 2007).Blah, blah, blah (“Women’s Health,” 2007).

Note how these citations look exactly like your regular print Note how these citations look exactly like your regular print source citations??? Because THEY ARE exactly like your source citations??? Because THEY ARE exactly like your regular print sources… regular print sources…


Citing Internet SourcesCiting Internet SourcesQUOTESQUOTES

There is ONE difference between in-text citations of Internet There is ONE difference between in-text citations of Internet sources and print sources:sources and print sources:

If you If you QUOTE QUOTE an Internet source, use an Internet source, use PARAGRAPHPARAGRAPH numbers (yes, you must count them), not page numbers (yes, you must count them), not page numbers:numbers:

“ “Blah, blah, blah” (Taylor, 2007, para. 6).Blah, blah, blah” (Taylor, 2007, para. 6).


Formatting the entire paperFormatting the entire paper Have a RUNNING HEAD on EVERY pageHave a RUNNING HEAD on EVERY page Have a TITLE PAGEHave a TITLE PAGE Have an ABSTRACT: a one to two paragraph summary of your paperHave an ABSTRACT: a one to two paragraph summary of your paper Use correct font and marginsUse correct font and margins Bibliography (References) page goes at end Bibliography (References) page goes at end Center the word “References” at top of pageCenter the word “References” at top of page List your references entries in ALPHABETICAL orderList your references entries in ALPHABETICAL order See paper samples in your handbook and on the webSee paper samples in your handbook and on the web Here’s a good place to start:Here’s a good place to start:

http://kareyperkins.com/classes/112/112links.html#dochttp://kareyperkins.com/classes/112/112links.html#doc http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.htmlhttp://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html (for the most current style updates) (for the most current style updates)


RUNNING HEADRUNNING HEAD Goes at the top of EVERY page of your paper, Goes at the top of EVERY page of your paper,

including the title page, abstract, and references including the title page, abstract, and references pages.pages.

Goes in the upper RIGHT corner of your paper, right-Goes in the upper RIGHT corner of your paper, right-justified.justified.

Is a shortened two or three version of the title of your Is a shortened two or three version of the title of your paper and the page number.paper and the page number.

In Word, go to “View,” then “Header and Footer” and In Word, go to “View,” then “Header and Footer” and use this tool to put a running head on every page.use this tool to put a running head on every page.


Formatting the Title Page: ExampleFormatting the Title Page: Example

FROM: Shaun Fawcett’s Writing Help Central. Retrieved March 5, 2007 from FROM: Shaun Fawcett’s Writing Help Central. Retrieved March 5, 2007 from http://www.writinghelp-central.com/apa-sample1.htmlhttp://www.writinghelp-central.com/apa-sample1.html

New Computer Users 1

RUNNING HEAD: New Computer Users

New Computer Users and Fear:

A Review of Some Related Literature

Samantha Smith

Psychology 101, Semester 2, Class 3A

Professor H. Lawson

May 2, 2006


Formatting the AbstractFormatting the Abstract The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained

summary of the most important elements of the summary of the most important elements of the paper. paper.

PaginationPagination:: The abstract begins on a new page (page The abstract begins on a new page (page 2). 2).

HeadingHeading:: Abstract (centered on the first line below Abstract (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header) the manuscript page header)

FormatFormat:: The abstract (in block format) begins on the The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading. The abstract line following the Abstract heading. The abstract should not exceed 120 words. All numbers in the should not exceed 120 words. All numbers in the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digits rather than words. be typed as digits rather than words.

FROM: Degelman, Douglas. (2006). APA Style Essentials.FROM: Degelman, Douglas. (2006). APA Style Essentials. Retrieved March 6, 2007 from: http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx?doc_id=796#abstract


Formatting the Abstract Page: ExampleFormatting the Abstract Page: Example

Degelman, Douglas. (2006). APA Style Essentials. Retrieved March 6, 2007 from Degelman, Douglas. (2006). APA Style Essentials. Retrieved March 6, 2007 from http://www.vanguard.edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/abstract.pdf


Formatting the First Page/Inside PagesFormatting the First Page/Inside Pages

New Computer Users 3

New Computer Users and Fear:

A Review of Some Related Literature

In one of his very first chapters entitled, "Fear and Anxiety on the

Internet", Fawcett (1999) observed, "It was my fear of technology that drove

me in my early days on the Internet" (p. 23). Later in the same chapter he

went on to elaborate at length on his experiences:

My first experiences with the Internet were not pleasant ones. At that

time, most Internet users were hooked-up to public networks known as

Freenets. These networks may have been pioneering in many ways, but

for the average user at the time, they were extremely tedious and

frustrating, sporting technology that, by today's standards, was

bordering on primitive. A typical Internet evening involved many long

and frustrating hours of fumbling around in "cyber-blackness". It

frequently took an entire evening just to check my e-mail! A session

was often prefaced by hours of busy signals before finally making a

connection. (p. 26)

According to that author, at that time, everything was text-based and menu-driven.

FROM: Shaun Fawcett’s Writing Help Central. Retrieved March 5, 2007 from http://www.writinghelp-central.com/apa-sample2.htmlFROM: Shaun Fawcett’s Writing Help Central. Retrieved March 5, 2007 from http://www.writinghelp-central.com/apa-sample2.html


THE REFERENCES PAGETHE REFERENCES PAGE

Now that you know how to format your in-text Now that you know how to format your in-text citations and your paper in general, let’s look citations and your paper in general, let’s look at how to write your at how to write your bibliographybibliography, the list of , the list of all your sources at the END of your paper. In all your sources at the END of your paper. In APA style it is called:APA style it is called:

REFERENCESREFERENCES


The References Page (your bibliography)The References Page (your bibliography) A References page is REQUIRED or you will receive a zero A References page is REQUIRED or you will receive a zero

on your paper.on your paper.

That doesn’t mean you don’t have to have IN-TEXT That doesn’t mean you don’t have to have IN-TEXT CITATIONS – they are also REQUIRED or you will still CITATIONS – they are also REQUIRED or you will still receive a zero.receive a zero.

EACH IN-TEXT CITATION must have a corresponding or EACH IN-TEXT CITATION must have a corresponding or matching REFERENCES PAGE ENTRY.matching REFERENCES PAGE ENTRY.

List ALL sources you used (“referred” to) when you wrote List ALL sources you used (“referred” to) when you wrote your paper.your paper.

Compile the list as you go, not at the end of your project.Compile the list as you go, not at the end of your project.

Use APA format at DeVry (discussed below). Use APA format at DeVry (discussed below).


Formatting the References PageFormatting the References Page First:First: Determine the Determine the KIND of sourceKIND of source you have: a book with one you have: a book with one

author? No author? Corporate author? Several authors? Edition after author? No author? Corporate author? Several authors? Edition after the first? A journal article? An electronic print source? A combination the first? A journal article? An electronic print source? A combination of kinds of sources? And so on…of kinds of sources? And so on…

Second:Second: Once you know the type of source you are using, Once you know the type of source you are using, refer to your refer to your handbookhandbook (or an on-line handbook) for how to format that source. (or an on-line handbook) for how to format that source.

Third:Third: Some sources are straightforward and basic, but with a lot of Some sources are straightforward and basic, but with a lot of them you’ll have to them you’ll have to mix and matchmix and match examples from your handbook to examples from your handbook to create the right References page entry for the kind of source you have.create the right References page entry for the kind of source you have.

Put all entries in Put all entries in ALPHABETICAL ORDERALPHABETICAL ORDER by author’s last name or by author’s last name or shortened title if no author.shortened title if no author.

A A RUNNING HEADRUNNING HEAD goes on top of all pages of your paper, including goes on top of all pages of your paper, including your references pages.your references pages.

The word “References” goes at top of first reference page.The word “References” goes at top of first reference page.


Formatting the References Page: ExampleFormatting the References Page: Example New Computer Users 10

References

Bedford, F. (1990, October 30). The psychology of fear: Is it all in our heads?

The New York Times, p. B4.

Chrissie, S. (1995, July 31). Are we afraid of our computers? The Chicago

Tribune, pp. D4, D6.

Gorman, J.R., & Smithson, R.T. (1997). The dynamics of human fear

neuroses in the age of the modern computer (pp. 345-353). Toronto:

University of Toronto Press.

Hillson, G. (1996, December). The unwelcome eventual alternative -

Computers that tell us what to do. The New Psychologist, 22, 45-54.

FROM: Shaun Fawcett’s WritingHelp-Central. Retrieved March 5, 2007 from: http://www.writinghelp-central.com/apa-sample3.html


Pop Quiz 3: TitlesPop Quiz 3: TitlesWhen do you…When do you…

UnderlineUnderline??ItalicizeItalicize??““Quote?”Quote?”

……titles of magazines, newspapers, journals, titles of magazines, newspapers, journals, individual articles, essays, books, websites, individual articles, essays, books, websites, articles on websites, movies, plays, TV shows, articles on websites, movies, plays, TV shows, poems?poems?



TitlesTitles

UnderlineUnderline OR OR ItalicizeItalicize titles of LONG WORKS titles of LONG WORKS

QuoteQuote titles of SHORT WORKStitles of SHORT WORKS

What is a short work? What is a long work?What is a short work? What is a long work?


When to Underline, Italicize, or Quote TitlesWhen to Underline, Italicize, or Quote Titles

UNDERLINE or ITALICIZE UNDERLINE or ITALICIZE

titles of titles of Long WorksLong Works:: BooksBooks PlaysPlays MoviesMovies NewspapersNewspapers Magazines or journalsMagazines or journals TV showsTV shows

QUOTE titles of “QUOTE titles of “Short Works”Short Works”:: A poem, essay, or selection A poem, essay, or selection

from a bookfrom a book An article in a newspaperAn article in a newspaper An article in a magazineAn article in a magazine An episode of a TV showAn episode of a TV show


Underline or Italicize?Underline or Italicize? Note that you can EITHER underline OR italicize

long works; do NOT do BOTH. Usually if you are submitting an essay or article for publication, the publisher wants it underlined and will later italicize it when he creates the print version. For essays submitted in school, you are “self-publishing” and can italicize the title yourself instead of underlining. Find out what the person to whom your are submitting your essay or article wants.


Some Exceptions to Title Format Some Exceptions to Title Format in APA Stylein APA Style

In APA style, in the References page entry, titles of short works are NOT quoted!!

In APA style, titles also do NOT use Title Case (i.e.: capitalizing the major words in a title). Words in titles are all lower case except the first word and proper nouns (names).

Yet APA style STILL wants you to quote and capitalize the abbreviated title of short works in your in-text citations (when there is no author cited).

Confusing? Yes, it is to me, too. But that’s the way it’s done!


References page entry for a References page entry for a BOOKBOOK

For a book with one author:For a book with one author:

Author’s last name, first initial. (Date). Author’s last name, first initial. (Date).

Title of bookTitle of book. City Published: Publisher. . City Published: Publisher.

Didion, J. (1997). Didion, J. (1997). A book of common prayer.A book of common prayer.

New York: Simon & Schuster. New York: Simon & Schuster.


References page entry for a References page entry for a NEWSPAPER or MAGAZINE ARTICLENEWSPAPER or MAGAZINE ARTICLE

For a newspaper article:For a newspaper article:

Broad, W. J. (1999, November 21). Nuclear roulette Broad, W. J. (1999, November 21). Nuclear roulette for Russia: Burying uncontained waste. for Russia: Burying uncontained waste. The New The New York TimesYork Times, p. A1., p. A1.

For a magazine article:For a magazine article:

Winson, J. (2002, June). The meaning of dreams. Winson, J. (2002, June). The meaning of dreams. Scientific American, 12,Scientific American, 12, 54-61. 54-61.


References page entry for a References page entry for a JOURNAL ARTICLEJOURNAL ARTICLE (print version) (print version)

When citing articles from journals, follow the journal title with the When citing articles from journals, follow the journal title with the Volume NumberVolume Number and the and the Issue NumberIssue Number. If the journal is . If the journal is continuously paginatedcontinuously paginated, use only the , use only the volume number (italicized); if each journal issue is volume number (italicized); if each journal issue is paginated separatelypaginated separately, also , also include the issue number (in parenthesis, not italicized). If your source is print, not include the issue number (in parenthesis, not italicized). If your source is print, not on-line, indicate the page numbers (not italicized).on-line, indicate the page numbers (not italicized).

Article in journal with Article in journal with continuous paginationcontinuous pagination::

Jazzmen, I. (2002). Previous behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of Jazzmen, I. (2002). Previous behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32Social Psychology, 32, 635-685., 635-685.

Article in journal with Article in journal with issues paginated separatelyissues paginated separately::

Rudisell, J. R., & Edwards, J. M. (2002). Coping with job transitions. Rudisell, J. R., & Edwards, J. M. (2002). Coping with job transitions. Consulting Psychology Journal,Consulting Psychology Journal, 5454(1), 55-62.(1), 55-62.


References page entry for a References page entry for a SELECTION FROM AN EDITED BOOKSELECTION FROM AN EDITED BOOK

One selection from an anthology or edited book:One selection from an anthology or edited book:

Wolfe, A. (1996). Human nature and the quest for Wolfe, A. (1996). Human nature and the quest for community. In A. Etzioni (Ed.), community. In A. Etzioni (Ed.), New communitarian New communitarian thinkingthinking (pp. 126-140). Charlottesville: University (pp. 126-140). Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.Press of Virginia.

Plagiarism Plagiarism 6868References page entries for References page entries for

INTERNET SOURCESINTERNET SOURCES With the web, you try to approximate as print citations as closely as you can. With the web, you try to approximate as print citations as closely as you can.

Try to find an author, an article title, the magazine or main site from which it Try to find an author, an article title, the magazine or main site from which it comes from. You may have to search around the site. Truncate the web address to comes from. You may have to search around the site. Truncate the web address to the original form to find the home page. Go to the “About Us” or “Contact Us” the original form to find the home page. Go to the “About Us” or “Contact Us” pages. Go to the copyright page if the site has one. pages. Go to the copyright page if the site has one.

At the end of the entry, that hopefully looks as close to a print source as you can At the end of the entry, that hopefully looks as close to a print source as you can approximate, you have the approximate, you have the DATE OF RETRIEVALDATE OF RETRIEVAL, or when YOU accessed the , or when YOU accessed the web page and found the information. Therefore, you will have TWO dates in your web page and found the information. Therefore, you will have TWO dates in your entry.entry.

You also will have the You also will have the FULL WEB ADDRESSFULL WEB ADDRESS, of the web page or file, not the , of the web page or file, not the entire website.entire website.

So, you have an entry that looks just like a regular print entry, followed by:So, you have an entry that looks just like a regular print entry, followed by:

Retrieved March 1, 2007, from Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://kareyperkins.com/classes/112/112links.htmlhttp://kareyperkins.com/classes/112/112links.html

The following website is dedicated entirely to citing on-line sources and is one of The following website is dedicated entirely to citing on-line sources and is one of the most comprehensive around: the most comprehensive around: http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.htmlhttp://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.html


References page entry for aReferences page entry for aWeb Page or File from a WebsiteWeb Page or File from a Website

Search the site and try to find an author – if none, use the title of the PAGE Search the site and try to find an author – if none, use the title of the PAGE or FILE (NOT the title of the whole website) as the first item in the or FILE (NOT the title of the whole website) as the first item in the references page entry.references page entry.

Women’s health and policy. (2007). Women’s health and policy. (2007). Center for American Center for American ProgressProgress. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from . Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/domestic/womenhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/domestic/women


References page entry for an References page entry for an ELECTRONIC LIBRARY SOURCEELECTRONIC LIBRARY SOURCE

If source is If source is on-line onlyon-line only, not in print, must have the web address:, not in print, must have the web address:

Lewis, R. (1995, December 24). Chronobiology researchers say their field’s Lewis, R. (1995, December 24). Chronobiology researchers say their field’s time has come. time has come. The Scientist, 9,The Scientist, 9, p. 14 [On-line newspaper]. Retrieved p. 14 [On-line newspaper]. Retrieved December 30, 1997 from December 30, 1997 from http://www.the-scientist.library.upenn.edu/yr 1995/dec/chrono_951211.htmlhttp://www.the-scientist.library.upenn.edu/yr 1995/dec/chrono_951211.html

Yu, D. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002, May 8). Preventing depressive Yu, D. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002, May 8). Preventing depressive symptoms in Chinese children. symptoms in Chinese children. Prevention and Treatment, 5Prevention and Treatment, 5, Article 9, , Article 9, Retrieved June 15, 2002, from Retrieved June 15, 2002, from http://journals.pap.org/prevention/volume5/pre00500091.htmlhttp://journals.pap.org/prevention/volume5/pre00500091.html


References page entry for an References page entry for an ELECTRONIC ELECTRONIC PRINTPRINT SOURCE SOURCE

If you accessed a source on-line that is also in print form:If you accessed a source on-line that is also in print form:

For an For an on-line journal articleon-line journal article based on a print source, add bracketed based on a print source, add bracketed phrase indicating it is the electronic version of same thing in print:phrase indicating it is the electronic version of same thing in print:

Lindsay, D. S., & Poole, D.A. (2001). Children’s eyewitness reports after Lindsay, D. S., & Poole, D.A. (2001). Children’s eyewitness reports after exposure to misinformation from parents [Electronic version]. exposure to misinformation from parents [Electronic version]. Journal of Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,Experimental Psychology: Applied, 77(1), 27-50.(1), 27-50.

An An on-line newspaper articleon-line newspaper article also in print: also in print:

McGrath, C. (2002, June 15). Father time. McGrath, C. (2002, June 15). Father time. New York TimesNew York Times. Retrieved June . Retrieved June 15, 2002, from 15, 2002, from http://nytimes.com/pages/science/index.htmlhttp://nytimes.com/pages/science/index.html


References page entry for a source from an References page entry for a source from an ELECTRONIC LIBRARY DATABASEELECTRONIC LIBRARY DATABASE

(Proquest, EBSCOHost, Lexis-Nexus, etc.)(Proquest, EBSCOHost, Lexis-Nexus, etc.)

Identify the database at the end of the entry:Identify the database at the end of the entry:

Kim, Y. (2002). Spirituality moderates the effect of Kim, Y. (2002). Spirituality moderates the effect of stress on emotional and physical adjustment. stress on emotional and physical adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences,Personality and Individual Differences, 3232(8), 1377-(8), 1377-1390. Retrieved June 12, 2002, from PsychINFO 1390. Retrieved June 12, 2002, from PsychINFO database.database.


Match Each In-text Citation Match Each In-text Citation to a References Page Entryto a References Page Entry

EVERY in-text citation MUST have a corresponding References page entry.EVERY in-text citation MUST have a corresponding References page entry.

The FIRST WORD of each References page entry is also the FIRST WORD of The FIRST WORD of each References page entry is also the FIRST WORD of your in-text citation within your paper. For example: your in-text citation within your paper. For example:

In-text citation:In-text citation:

Blah, blah, blah (“Blah, blah, blah (“Women’s HealthWomen’s Health,” 2007).,” 2007).

References page entry: References page entry:

Women’s healthWomen’s health and policy. (2007). and policy. (2007). Center for AmericanCenter for American Progress.Progress. Retrieved March 1, 2007 from: Retrieved March 1, 2007 from: http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/domestic/womenhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/domestic/women


Variety of source types and originsVariety of source types and origins There are an incredible variety of There are an incredible variety of

source typessource types bookbook magazinemagazine newspapernewspaper journaljournal government documentgovernment document essay in an anthology essay in an anthology more than one author more than one author no authorno author corporate authorcorporate author multiple editionsmultiple editions etc.etc.

There are an incredible variety of There are an incredible variety of source originssource origins

Internet web pageInternet web page electronic print sourceelectronic print source TVTV documentarydocumentary news shownews show someone’s personal websitesomeone’s personal website e-maile-mail interviewinterview CD-RomCD-Rom etc. etc.

So you cannot possibly remember how to do the many kinds of citing So you cannot possibly remember how to do the many kinds of citing you will have to do. Nor can they all be listed in one handout, one you will have to do. Nor can they all be listed in one handout, one website, or one PowerPoint presentation:website, or one PowerPoint presentation:

Citing requires investigation, flexibility, and creativity!Citing requires investigation, flexibility, and creativity!


Documentation survival tip:Documentation survival tip:Know how to use your handbook!Know how to use your handbook!

Correct documentation entails knowing how to use a handbook to find the Correct documentation entails knowing how to use a handbook to find the kind of citation you need for the source that you have.kind of citation you need for the source that you have.

Refer to a good college grammar handbook for the correct ways of Refer to a good college grammar handbook for the correct ways of documenting and citing the many different kinds of sources you will run documenting and citing the many different kinds of sources you will run across.across.

Always keep a good grammar & writing handbook – it is likely you will Always keep a good grammar & writing handbook – it is likely you will need it for the rest of your life. need it for the rest of your life.

Language, language rules, and agreed upon documentation formats change Language, language rules, and agreed upon documentation formats change constantly: Be aware of updates.constantly: Be aware of updates.

However, today you can also find the same documentation information on However, today you can also find the same documentation information on the web, though this can be more cumbersome than your handy handbook. the web, though this can be more cumbersome than your handy handbook. For example, see:For example, see:

http://kareyperkins.com/classes/112/112links.html#dochttp://kareyperkins.com/classes/112/112links.html#doc


POP QUIZ 4: POP QUIZ 4: NewspaperNewspaper Documentation ActivityDocumentation Activity

Using APA style, document the following:Using APA style, document the following:1.1. a a signed article (with authorsigned article (with author) in a newspaper as ) in a newspaper as

REFERENCES entryREFERENCES entry2.2. paraphrase a paragraph from that article (with in-text paraphrase a paragraph from that article (with in-text

citation)citation)3.3. then document an then document an unsigned article (no author)unsigned article (no author) as a as a

REFERENCES (bibliography) entryREFERENCES (bibliography) entry4.4. QUOTE a sentence from the unsigned article (with QUOTE a sentence from the unsigned article (with

in-text citation)in-text citation) You may work in groups of two or three.You may work in groups of two or three. Write one of these (citation or references entry) on the board when you Write one of these (citation or references entry) on the board when you

are done and the class will critique it: did we document correctly??!!are done and the class will critique it: did we document correctly??!! Save worksheet and place in your Daily Work Portfolio.Save worksheet and place in your Daily Work Portfolio. Good luck!!Good luck!!



POP QUIZ 5: POP QUIZ 5: Essay in BookEssay in BookDocumentation ActivityDocumentation Activity

Using APA style, document an essay selection from Using APA style, document an essay selection from your text (given in class) by:your text (given in class) by:

1.1. In-text citation: paraphraseIn-text citation: paraphrase2.2. In-text citation: quoteIn-text citation: quote3.3. References page entryReferences page entry

You may work in groups of two or three.You may work in groups of two or three. Write one of these (citation or references entry) on the Write one of these (citation or references entry) on the

board when you are done and the class will critique it: board when you are done and the class will critique it: did we document correctly??!!did we document correctly??!!

Save worksheet and place in your Daily Work Portfolio.Save worksheet and place in your Daily Work Portfolio. Good luck!!Good luck!!



Daily Work PortfolioDaily Work Portfolio Your Pop Quizzes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) must be saved Your Pop Quizzes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) must be saved

and place in your daily work portfolio.and place in your daily work portfolio.

Turn in DW portfolio at the end of the class with your Turn in DW portfolio at the end of the class with your in-class work and homework: web evaluation and in-class work and homework: web evaluation and search activities, peer reviews, threaded discussions, search activities, peer reviews, threaded discussions, logic quiz.logic quiz.

See Daily Work Portfolio cover sheet at See Daily Work Portfolio cover sheet at http://kareyperkins.com/classes/135http://kareyperkins.com/classes/135 for what items to for what items to include.include.

The DW Portfolio cover sheet goes in portfolio, too; The DW Portfolio cover sheet goes in portfolio, too; it will be the first page (required).it will be the first page (required).


ReferencesReferencesCsikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention.Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention.

New York: HarperPerennial.New York: HarperPerennial.

Deacon, T. (1997). Deacon, T. (1997). The symbolic species: The Co-evolution of language and the brain.The symbolic species: The Co-evolution of language and the brain. New New York: Norton.York: Norton.

Degelman, Douglas. (2006). Degelman, Douglas. (2006). APA Style EssentialsAPA Style Essentials.. Retrieved March 6, 2007 from: http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/

DeVry/Alpharetta COLL 147/149 Resource Notebook.DeVry/Alpharetta COLL 147/149 Resource Notebook. (2004). General Education Department. (2004). General Education Department. Alpharetta, GA: DeVry University.Alpharetta, GA: DeVry University.

Fawcett, Shaun. (2007). Fawcett, Shaun. (2007). Writing Help Central.Writing Help Central. Retrieved March 2, 5, 2007 from Retrieved March 2, 5, 2007 from http://www.writinghelp-central.comhttp://www.writinghelp-central.com

Glenn, C., Miller, R.K., Webb, S.S., and Gray, L. (2004). Glenn, C., Miller, R.K., Webb, S.S., and Gray, L. (2004). The Writer’s Harbrace Handbook, The Writer’s Harbrace Handbook, 22ndnd ed. Boston: Thomson.ed. Boston: Thomson.

Goleman, D. (1995). Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligenceEmotional intelligence. New York: Bantam.. New York: Bantam.

Troyka, L. Q. (2002). Troyka, L. Q. (2002). Simon & Schuster handbook for writersSimon & Schuster handbook for writers , 6, 6thth ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Prentice Hall.

Plagiarism 1 Plagiarism and Correct Documentation by Karey Perkins.

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