Placing Text On Drawingsmedia.scc.losrios.edu/FitzpaK/310/310_PPT/Text.pdf · Control code...
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Placing Text on Drawings 1
Placing Text On Drawings
Sacramento City College
Engineering Design Technology
Placing Text on Drawings 2
Learning Objectives
Describe and use proper text standards
Calculate drawing scale and text height.
Create text styles.
Make multiple lines of text with the MTEXT command.
Use the TEXT command to create single-line text.
Insert fields into text.
Check spelling.
Search and replace.
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Introduction
Graphic information on a drawing alone is not enough information to adequately describe the part.
These provide additional information
Letters
Numbers
Words
Notes
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Hand Lettering
In traditional “manual drafting”
Hand lettering is a slow, time consuming task.
CAD program lettering is
significantly faster
easier to read, and
more consistent.
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Text Standards
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Text Standards
Industry and Company standards often dictate how the text must appear on the drawing.
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Text Standards
Industry standard ASME Y14.2M
Recommends several text heights depending upon function of the text on the drawing.
0.12” - Dimensions and Notes
0.2” – Titles
Architectural Standards:
Deviate from ASME
0.125” - Dimensions and Notes
0.25” – Titles (0.188 - 0.25)
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Text Standards
Architectural “Field Text”
Recommended text height is 0.125” for text in the “field” of the drawing.
If text is less than 0.125”, it becomes very difficult to read when the drawing is reduced in size.
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Text Standards
Architectural “Title Text”
Recommended text height is 0.25” for text in the “Title” of the drawing.
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Text Standards
Draw the following at 0.25” high
Titles
Subtitles
Captions
Revision information
Drawing sheet number
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Text Standards
Vertical or inclined lettering can be used.
Vertical
is the “standard” and most common.
Inclined text
Was very common a few years ago.
Is still commonly used in Asian countries
Slant angle = 68 degrees
Select Vertical or inclined but NOT both on the same drawing.
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Text Standards
When fractions are used
They are stacked
Fraction bar is placed horizontally
AutoCAD can produce stacked fractions.
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Other Text Characteristics
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Text Composition
Composition refers to the spacing, layout and appearance of
the text.
In manual drafting lettering composition (spacing) must be
performed manually by the drafter.
In CAD lettering composition (spacing) is performed
automatically.
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Text Composition
Justification: AutoCAD text can be:
left-justified
right-justified
centered.
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Using AutoCAD to Draw Text
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Using AutoCAD to Draw Text
AutoCAD has two systems for creating text:
MTEXT
Creates Multi-line (paragraph) text
DTEXT and TEXT
Creates Single-line text objects.
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MTEXT Command
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
MTEXT
Used to create multiline text objects.
Think “paragraph”.
Think “wordprocessor”.
All lines of text are part of the same object.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Select MTEXT by:
Picking Multiline Text in the Text cascading menu of the Draw pull-down
OR
Entering T, MT, or MTEXT at the Command: prompt.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Specify the first and opposite corners of the text boundary box where you want to enter text.
The text boundary is a box within which your text will be placed.
The cursor changes to a box.
An arrow indicates the direction of text flow.
The box is resized to fit the text entered.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
After picking the text boundary, the In-place Text Editor appears.
Functions like a wordprocessor.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features:
Windows clipboard functions
Select All
Cut
Copy
Paste
Paste Special
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features:
Windows clipboard functions
Select All [Cntrl + A]
Cut [Cntrl + X]
Copy [Cntrl + C]
Paste [Cntrl + V]
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Insert Field
Symbols Control code sequences
Degrees
Plus/Minus
Diameter
Almost Equal
Angle
Boundary Line
Center Line
Delta
Electrical Phase
Flow Line
Identity
Initial Length
Monument Line
Not Equal
Ohm
Omega
Property Line
Subscript 2
Squared
Cubed
Other…
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Paragraph Alignment
Left
Center
Right
Justify
Distribute
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Tabs
Left
Center
Right
Decimal
Paragraph Indent First line
Hanging
Right Indent
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Paragraph Spacing
Amount Before paragraph
Amount After paragraph
Paragraph Line Spacing
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Bullets and Lists
Lettered
Numbered
Bulleted
Restart (numbering)
Continue
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Columns
Off
Dynamic Columns Auto Height
Manual Height
Static Columns 2
3
4
5
6
More
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Find and Replace
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Change Case
Uppercase
Lowercase
AutoCAPS Produces ALL CAPITAL LETTERS
Typical for architectural / engineering drawings.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Character Set
Central Europe
Cyrillic
Hebrew
Arabic
Baltic
Greek Turkish
Vietnamese
Japanese
Korean
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features: Background Mask
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Features
Text highlight color
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
The character tab is used to
enter text,
change text features and
copy text.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
The Properties Tab is used to change features like
the current text style,
justification,
text boundary,
width and
rotation.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
The Properties Tab gives the following options:
Style, Justification, Width, Rotation
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
The Line Spacing Tab allows adjustment of the distance between lines of text.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
Selected text can be modified by:
Font list.
Font height.
Bold, italics, underline, undo.
Stacked fractions.
Text color.
Insert symbols.
Imported from other programs.
See Figure 8-12, page 319.
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Multi-line Text: MTEXT Command
The Find/Replace Tab is used to replace selected words with new words.
The Find/Replace Tab gives the following options:
“Find” text box, find button.
“Replace with”, replace button.
Match text case.
Match only whole words.
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The DTEXT / TEXT Command
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DTEXT Command
DTEXT
Is dynamic text, meaning you can see it on the screen as you type.
Creates single line text.
Each line of text is a separate object.
Think “Typewriter”
DTEXT is used MORE than MTEXT on Engineering and Architectural drawings (!)
It is most useful for single lines of text.
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DTEXT Command
DTEXT can be accessed by:
Picking Single Line Text from the Text cascading menu in the Draw pull-down menu
OR
Entering DT or DTEXT at the Command: prompt.
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DTEXT Command
Command: DT or DTEXT
Justify/Style/<Start point>:
(pick a starting point)
Height <0.2000>:
(enter height)
Rotation angle <0>:
(enter a value, or press [Enter])
Text:
(type text, terminate with blank line)
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DTEXT Command
Rotation Angle
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DTEXT Command
When the Text: prompt appears, a text cursor equal in size to the text height appears on the screen.
Enter multiple lines of text.
The crosshairs can be moved independently.
You can select a new text starting point.
Multiple lines of text can be entered anywhere on the drawing without exiting the command.
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DTEXT Command
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DTEXT Command
Single line text justification The Justify Option
ALIGN.
FIT.
LEFT (default).
CENTER.
MIDDLE.
RIGHT.
Left justification is the default. It is not listed as a justification option.
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DTEXT Command
Align option:
Changes the text width and height.
You are prompted for two points between which the text string is confined.
These points can be aligned horizontally or at an angle.
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DTEXT Command
Align option:
AutoCAD automatically adjusts the text width to fit between the selected points.
The text height is also changed with this option and varies by the number of characters.
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DTEXT Command
Align Option
Adjusts the text height to make it fit between the two points picked on the screen.
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DTEXT Command
Fit Option:
This option is similar to Align option, except that you can select the text height.
AutoCAD adjusts the letter width ONLY to fit between the two given points
The text height remains constant.
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DTEXT Command
Center Option:
Allows you to select the center point for the baseline of the text.
Pick height and rotation angle after picking the center point.
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DTEXT Command
Middle Option:
Allows you to center text both horizontally and vertically at a given point.
Letter height and rotation can be changed.
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DTEXT Command
Right Option:
Allows you to select the right-alignment point for the baseline of the text.
Pick height and rotation angle after picking the right-justification point.
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DTEXT Command
Other text alignment options:
Top Left, Middle Left, Bottom Left.
Top Center, Middle Center, Bottom Center.
Top Right, Middle Right, Bottom Right.
TEXT
Top Left
Middle Left
Bottom Left
Middle Center
Top Center
Bottom Center
Top Right
Middle Right
Bottom Right
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TEXT Command
In older AutoCAD versions, TEXT and DTEXT commands functioned differently.
Using TEXT, you couldn’t see the text as you type. (Not very useful.)
In Release 2000, these commands have been combined, and they now function the same.
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AutoCAD Text Fonts
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AutoCAD Text Fonts
A font is a particular letter face design.
The standard AutoCAD text fonts are shown in the text.
Refer to Figure 8-22, page 327.
AutoCAD text fonts have an “.shx” file extension.
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AutoCAD Text Fonts
The Txt font is the AutoCAD default
Rough in appearance, and probably not the best choice for most text.
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AutoCAD Text Fonts
Romans is another AutoCAD text font
Smoother in appearance.
Similar to single-stroke lettering.
Commonly used in drawings.
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AutoCAD Text Fonts
Before AutoCAD became Windows Compliant, different text fonts were very difficult to make and were costly.
Because AutoCAD is Windows Compliant, ALL of the fonts available in Windows are now available in AutoCAD!
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AutoCAD Text Fonts
AutoCAD now uses “TrueType” fonts.
TrueType fonts are compatible with other Windows programs.
True type fonts are scalable and have an outline.
Scalable - the fonts can be sized up and down.
TrueType fonts will print like they look on the screen.
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AutoCAD Text Fonts
TrueType fonts can be outlined.
Outline - the text can be printed as either an outline or filled in.
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Scale Factors and Text Height
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Scale Factors
Scale factors and text heights should be determined before beginning a drawing.
Scale factors are important to make the text plot at the right height.
The AutoCAD setup wizards automatically control text height scale factors. But!
You should KNOW HOW to compute Scale Factors and Text Height!
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Scale Factors
Scale factor is important
This value is used to make sure the text is shown on-screen and plotted at the proper height.
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Scale Factors
Remember
Everything in Model Space is drawn at FULL SCALE.
If you drew 1/8 inch text in Model Space to indicate a 5’-0” bathtub, the text would be extremely small compared to the bathtub.
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Scale Factors
You must adjust the height of the text according to the drawing scale.
The Scale Factor
Can be calculated manually
Can be determined by AutoCAD.
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Scale Factors
For EDT 310, you MUST calculate
the Scale Factor and
Text Height.
AutoCAD’s Annotative Text will NOT be used!
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Scaling Text Manually
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Scale Factors
To manually adjust text height
You must first calculate the Scale Factor.
The Scale Factor x (desired text height) =
Height to draw Model Space text.
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Scale Factors
Scale factor is always a reciprocal of the drawing scale.
If you wish to plot a drawing at a drawing scale of 1/2” = 1” (1/2 scale), the scale factor would be:
1/2” = 1”
1/2” = 1”
[2] x 0.5 = 1 x 2
1:2
The scale factor is 2.
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Scale Factors
An architectural drawing plotted at a drawing scale of
1/4” = 1’-0” (1/48th scale),
has a scale factor calculated as follows:
1/4” = 1’-0”
1/4” = 12”
[4] x 1/4 = 12 x [4]
1:48
The scale factor is 48.
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Scale Factors
Three Steps
1.Write Scale
1/4 “ = 1’-0”
2. Re-write in same units
1/4 “ = 12 “
3. Solve for “1” on left side
(4) x (1/4) = (12 )(4)
1 = 48
4. Scale Factor = 48
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Scale Factors
The scale factor for a civil engineering drawing that has a drawing scale of
1” = 60’
(1/720th scale)
is calculated as follows:
1” = 60’
1” = (60 x 12) = 720
1 : 720
The scale factor is 720.
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Scale Factors for Text Height
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Scale Factors for Text Height
We must draw the text at the proper height in model space so that it will plot at the proper height.
After the scale factor is determined, you can use it to calculate the height to draw the text.
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Scale Factors for Text Height
Example: To plot 1/8” text:
1. If the drawing scale is full scale
The text height is 1/8”.
2. If the drawing scale is 1”=60’
the same 1/8” high text would be VERY small!
Would appear as a dot (!) on the drawing.
Remember: the drawing is 720 times larger than when it is plotted at the proper scale.
The text must be drawn MUCH LARGER than 1/8” at a SF of 720!
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Scale Factors for Text Height
The formula is:
Desired Plotted
Text Height x SF = Height to draw
text in Model
Space
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Scale Factors for Text Height
To plot 1/8” high text at scale 1” = 60’:
Desired Plotted
Text Height x SF = Height to draw
text in Model
Space
1/8 “ x 720 = 90 inches
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Scale Factor for Text Height
An architectural drawing
Scale of 1/4” = 1’-0” has a scale factor of 48.
Desired Plotted
Text Height x SF = Height to draw
text in Model
Space
1/4 “ x 48 = 12 inches
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Scale Factor for Text Height
An architectural drawing
Scale of 1/4” = 1’-0” has a scale factor of 48.
Desired Plotted
Text Height x SF = Height to draw
text in Model
Space
1/8 “ x 48 = 6 inches
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AutoCAD Text Styles
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Selecting AutoCAD Text Styles
Text styles are used to quickly switch to text with certain characteristics.
Height.
Width.
Font
Obliquing angle (slant).
Backward
Upside down
Other characteristics to the font.
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Selecting AutoCAD Text Styles
A drawing should have several text styles.
User will switch between styles often.
Field Text
Title Text
A text style allows you to quickly select another text size or font.
Examples of commonly required text styles
Drawing Field Text. (0.125” high)
Drawing Title Text. (0.25” high)
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Selecting AutoCAD Text Styles
Text characteristics can be changed without using text styles (!)
However
This technique is slower than using styles.
Causes problems.
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Selecting AutoCAD Text Styles
Proper creation and use of text styles is the quickest and easiest method to control text appearance on the drawing.
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Selecting AutoCAD Text Styles
When using text in AutoCAD, ALWAYS
Create a text style FIRST.
Name it appropriately and
Use styles when inputting text into the drawing.
Don’t fall in the trap of constantly modifying “STANDARD” to achieve your desired text font!
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Creating a New Text Style
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Creating a New Text Style
When you start AutoCAD, STANDARD is the only text style which is available.
Other styles must be created or imported.
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Creating a New Text Style
Text style names
Can have up to 31 characters.
Can include numbers, dashes, underlines, and dollar signs.
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Creating a New Text Style
STANDARD is the default text style.
STANDARD is NOT a good name for a text style !
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Creating a New Text Style
The Style Name should provide information about
Text font
Size
Scale Factor
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Creating a New Text Style
Example:
Arial_001_0125
Arial Text font
Scale Factor = 1
Plotted Text Height = 0.125 “
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Creating a New Text Style
Example:
Arial_048_0125
Arial Text font
Scale Factor = 48
Plotted Text Height = 0.125 “
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Creating a New Text Style
Example:
CityBP_096_0125
Arial Text font
Scale Factor = 96
Plotted Text Height = 0.125 “
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Creating a New Text Style
The Style (ST) command is used to:
Create new text styles.
Modify or list existing text styles.
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Creating a New Text Style
The Style command is accessed by:
Picking Text Style from the Format pull-down menu.
OR
Entering ST or STYLE at the Command: prompt.
The Style command opens the Text Style dialog box.
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Creating a New Text Style
Features found in the Text Style dialog box:
Style Name.
New, Rename, Delete Style.
Font Area.
Font Style Area.
Font Height.
Effects Area.
Preview Area.
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Creating a New Text Style
Style Name.
New.
Rename.
Delete Style.
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Creating a New Text Style
Font Area.
Font Style Area.
Font Height.
Effects Area.
Preview Area.
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Creating a New Text Style
Effects Area.
Upside down.
Backward.
Width Factor.
Oblique Angle.
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Upside Down
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Upside Down and Backwards
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Upside Down with 0.45 width factor
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15 degree oblique
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Creating a New Text Style
Preview Area.
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Creating a New Text Style
You cannot delete text styles which are in use on the drawing.
You cannot delete the STANDARD text style.
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Creating a New Text Style
After you have created your text styles, you can use them in future drawings.
Do a “File” “Save As”
Open the New file.
The text styles come with the new file.
Delete all drawn objects.
Draw your new work.
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Changing, Renaming, Deleting
Text Styles
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Change, Rename, Delete
You can change the current text style without affecting existing text objects. (!)
Changes are applied only to text added to the drawing using that text style.
If you change the font, orientation, height of an existing text style, all text items with that style are changed to the new values.
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Change, Rename, Delete
Existing text styles can be renamed.
Existing text styles can be deleted ONLY IF there are no incidences of that text style in use on the drawing.
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Text and Special Characters
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Underscoring or Overscoring
Text can be underscored or overscored by typing a control sequence in front of the line of text.
%%O = overscore.
%%U = underscore.
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Text and Special Characters
In order to draw symbols, AutoCAD requires a control code.
The control code sequence begins with two percent signs %%.
The next character represents the symbol to be drawn.
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Text and Special Characters
Control Code Examples:
%%D = degrees symbol.
%%P = plus/minus sign.
%%C = diameter symbol.
%%U = underline.
%%O = overscore.
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QTEXT
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Redrawing Text Quickly
Text can take a lot of time to regenerate, especially if very complex.
If you have a drawing that has a lot of text, just moving around the drawing can cause the computer to respond slowly.
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Redrawing Text Quickly
the QTEXT command
turns off the text regeneration and
shows the text as a box.
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Regenerating Text
To “get text back”,
turn QTEXT off, and
REGEN the drawing.
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Editing Text
(Older methods)
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Revising Text with DDEDIT
The easiest way to edit text in AutoCAD is to double-click the text.
Other older methods also exist and include:
1. DDEDIT - easiest
2. DDMODIFY – okay but cumbersome
3. DDCHPROP – only change text properties
4. CHANGE – very tedious
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Revising Text with DDEDIT
1. Use DDEDIT to edit text
Command: ED or DDEDIT.
OR
Double-click on existing text string.
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Revising Text with DDEDIT
2. Use DDMODIFY Command
Not as quick as DDEDIT.
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Changing Text with DDCHPROP
2. Use DDMODIFY Command
Command aliases: MO or DDMODIFY.
Much slower.
Small close box.
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Changing Text with DDCHPROP
3. DDCHPROP (dialog box) and CHPROP (command line)
can be used to make changes to single-line text properties but it CANNOT change the text.
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Changing Text with DDCHPROP
The following properties can be changed with DDCHPROP and CHPROP.
Color.
Layer.
Linetype.
Linetype scale.
Thickness changes.
Make color and layer changes to multiline text.
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Changing Text with DDCHPROP
Command: chprop
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Enter property to change [Color/LAyer/LType/ltScale/LWeight/Thickness]:
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Changing Text with CHANGE
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Changing Text with Change
Text can be moved or modified using the CHANGE command.
CH or CHANGE
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Changing Text with Change
Pick the text to change
Terminate text selection with [Enter].
The prompts are:
Specify new text insertion point<no change>: (Pick a new insertion point).
Enter new text style <existing>: pick a new text style).
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Changing Text with Change
Specify new height <existing>: (type a new text height or accept default).
Specify new rotation angle <existing>: (pick a new rotation angle).
Enter new text <selected text string>: (type new text string).
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Spell Checking
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Checking Spelling
Check spelling with the SP or SPELL command.
The Check Spelling dialog box is displayed.
Other dictionaries can be used.
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Using CHANGE to Modify Text
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Other Text Tips
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Other Text Tips
Text presentation is very important to a successful, accurate drawing.
Carefully consider text arrangement to avoid overcrowding.
Group notes together to make drawing easier to read.
Place all general notes in one location.
Use the spelling check feature.
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Other Text Tips
Align leader text either with a left-justification or a right-justification.
Makes drawings look much neater.