Place-making and Prosperous Cities
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Transcript of Place-making and Prosperous Cities
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Thursday 22 September
Manchester City Football Academy
The Essential role of trees and green infrastructure (GI)
Supported by:
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Steve Connor, CEO of Creative Concern
Welcome by the Chair
Join in the conversation! Tweet
#CoTseminar@cityoftrees
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City of Trees is an innovative and exciting movement set to re-invigorate Greater Manchester’s landscape by transforming underused, unloved woodland and planting a tree for every man, woman and child who lives there, within a generation.
City of Trees – who are we?
We plan to plant 3m trees over the next generation
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City of Trees – what have we achieved so far?
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At it’s heart City of Trees is a movement and in order to realise our vision and ambitious goals we need companies, organisations, community groups and public sector bodies from across Greater Manchester to come together.
City of Trees – you can be part of it
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Dr Kathy Wolf, University of WashingtonTrees and Nearby Nature: Essential for place-making and vital for prosperous cities
Keynote speaker
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Trees & Nearby Nature: essential for place-making and vital, prosperous cities
Kathleen Wolf, Ph.D.Research Social Scientist
University of Washington (Seattle)School of Environmental and Forest Sciences
Place Making and Prosperous Cities Seminar Manchester City Training Academy22 September 2016
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Landscape
Community
Garden
credit: American Planning Association
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Trees as Place-Makers
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urban forestry and urban greening‘metro nature’
economic values to communitiesproperty values
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Forest/Resource Economics 101
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Economic Value of Metro NatureMethods Challenges
Forest Products = market goodsexcludableidentifiable ownershipexpenses-revenues = profits
Trees/Green in Cities = public goods non-excludable
multiple “owners”expenses-returns?
-profits?
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Yard & Street TreesValue Increase Condition2% mature yard trees (greater than 9-inch dbh)
3% larger street trees (up to 100’ away) 3-5% trees in front yard landscaping 6-9% good tree cover in a neighborhood10-15% mature trees in high-income
neighborhoods
multiple studies: Green Cities: Good Health > Local Economics
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Parks & Open Spaceproximate principle (John Crompton, Texas A&M)
Value Increase Condition10% inner city home located within 1/4 mile of
a park17% home near cleaned-up vacant lot20% home adjacent to or fronting a passive
park area32% residential development adjacent to
greenbelts
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Local Government BenefitsCivic Investment – Public Goodslike schools, emergency response, roads street trees average positive effect
on house values added up across Portland, Oregon yields a total value of $1.35 billion potentially increasing annual
property tax revenues $15.3 million
Donovan & Butry. 2010. Landscape and Urban Planning
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urban forestry and urban greening‘metro nature’
economic values to communitiesretail centers
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Trees & Retail Environments Research
Wolf, K.L. 2005. Business District Streetscapes, Trees, and Consumer Response. Journal of Forestry 103, 8: 396-400.
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• Research Questions •trees and visual quality?trees and consumer behavior?trees and product pricing?
• Methods:mail out/in surveysnational or local sampleresidents/nearby city residents
partners: U of Washington, NGOs, business organizationsfunded by USDA Forest Service
Trees & Shopper Environments Research
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Image Categories (sorted by ratings)
Full Canopymean 3.63
Pocket Parksmean 3.72(highest)
Scale : 1=not at all, 5=like very much, 26
images
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IntermittentTrees2.78
EnclosedSidewalk 3.32
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No Trees mean 1.65(lowest)
(high - 3.72)
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Place Marketing
Relationship Marketing3. Product Pricing
• higher willingness to pay for all types of goods
• higher in districts with trees – 9-12%
1. Place Perceptions• Place Character• Interaction with Merchants• Quality of Products
2. Patronage Behavior• travel time, travel distance• duration & frequency of visits• willingness to pay for parking
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social science of consumer behavior
‘atmospherics’
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retail & place marketing
“Companies stage an
experience when they engage
customers in a memorable
way.”
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summary
urban forests = human habitat
studies of trees in business districtsperception, preference & behaviordesign & place messaging/identitycustomer relationships
deeproot.com
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urban forestry and urban greening‘metro nature’
economic values to communitieshuman health & wellness
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WHO health definition
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absenceof disease or infirmity (1946)
science & evidence re: environment role of ‘metro nature’? not a panacea, but important!
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Determinants of Health
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evidence about human wellness & ‘nearby nature’
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Green Cities: Good Health
Sponsors: USDA Forest Service, U&CF ProgramUniversity of WashingtonNGO partners
thanks! to U of WA students:Katrina FloraMary Ann RozanceSarah Krueger
www.greenhealth.washington.edu
research review & summaries
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urban nature & health benefits across the life cycle
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Urban Forests and Newbornsthe urban natural environment andpregnancy outcomes . . .
10% increase in tree-canopy cover within 50m of a house= lower number of low weight births (1.42 per 1000 births)
Donovan et al., Health & Place, 2011; similar studies in Lithuania, Vancouver B.C., Munich, Tel Aviv Israel, Spain
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34America’s State of Mind, Medco Health Solutions, Inc
Change in % Population on ADHD Treatments 2001 - 2010
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ADHD and nature contact 96 children aged 7-12
diagnosed ADD or ADHD Parents gave postactivity
attentional functioning ratings (PAAF) – 4 measures: Can’t stay focused on unappealing
tasks (homework or chores) Can’t complete tasks Can’t listen and follow directions Easily distracted
Faber Taylor. 2001. Environment & Behavior
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Trees & Crime Reduction trees in the public right of
way are associated with lower crime rates smaller, view obstructing
trees are associated with increased crime
larger trees are associated with reduced crime
Donovan & Prestemon. 2012. Environment and Behavior
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10% increase in tree canopy ~ 12% decrease in crime
Troy, et al. 2011. The relationship between tree canopy and crime rates across an urban–rural gradient in the greater Baltimore region. Landscape and Urban Planning
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Improving Depression20 adults with major depression walk in a park setting and an urban setting 50-minute walks one week apart before-after testing:
Mood: Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS) Cognition: Backward Digit Span (BDS)
Berman et al. 2012. Journal of Affective Disorders
cognitive and affective improvements after walking in a nature setting
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•Shorter stays•Less pain•Fewer minor complications
•Better emotional well-being
Effects of nature window view on recovery from surgery (Roger Ulrich, 1984)
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Massachusetts General Hospital
credit: Frank Oudeman
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• What are the benefits?• Who experiences nature and gets benefits?• What is the green condition or situation that
provides benefits?• Scale of value question (i.e., community,
province/state, nation)• What are the costs/income gained/lost
associated with these benefits?
Economic Valuation of Health Outcomes
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Potential Annual Cost Savings and Increased Income Associated with Human Health and Well-being Benefits Derived from Metro Nature
Millions of U.S. Dollars (2012)
Wolf, K.L., M.K. Measells, S.C. Grado, A.S.T. Robbins. 2015. Economic values of metro nature health benefits: A life course approach. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening.
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Conclusions• Nearby trees & nature in cities & towns
is essential!• Economic benefits – property value &
retail behavior• Nature supports disease prevention &
health promotion for people of all ages• Evidence? Green Cities: Good Health • Many more studies underway . . . . .
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www.naturewithin.info
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Stephen O’Malley, Director, Civil EngineersGreen Infrastructure & The movement of people and water
Speaker
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Question time
?
?
??
?
Don’t forget to join in the conversation
online too! Tweet #CoTseminar
@cityoftrees
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This seminar is supported by:
Break
Please return and be seated by 11am
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Dean Bowie, CEO, GreenBlue UrbanEssential Space for Trees below and above ground
Speaker
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Soil Compaction and Utilities
Soil Volume and Quality
Tree Aeration
WSUDS Arborflow
Tree Irrigation Case Studies
Root ManagementRootSpace
Areas covered:
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Projected canopy area x 0.6m
Soil volume
and quality
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Soil compaction
“Soil compaction - the biggest issue with landscape soils”
Tim O'Hare – soil scientist
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Utilities
Make the impossibl
e possible with cells
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RootSpace
THE NEXT GENERATION SOIL SUPPORT SYSTEM
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Root Manageme
nt
Kings Cross Station:
Used as a membrane
between tunnel and roots
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Tree irrigation
Sainsbury’s laboratory:
Evenly distributed water around the rootball
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Tree aeration
Anaerobism:
“Immediate and major problem that can cause
tree failure”
The Landscape Journal – Fundamentals of tree pit soils
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WSUDS Arborflow
Arborflow 100 Series
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WSUDS Case Study:
Goldhawk Road, London
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Shared Space Case Study:
Leonard Circus, Shoreditch
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Thank you.
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Pete Bradshaw, Director of Estate Development at Manchester City Football ClubWhy a world class sporting facility needed world class infrastructure
Speaker
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Pete BradshawDirector of Estates Development
Any Wintry Afternoon in England CRW NevinsonCourtesy: Manchester City Art Gallery
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF TREES AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (GI)
City of Trees seminarCity Football Academy22 September 2016
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© Manchester City
Planning for City Football Academy began in 2008 creating:
• A positive working and training environment
• A major regenerative project
• Building on the theme of Street to Stadium
Initial layout plan : 2008
Planning for our new academyInitial Plan : 2008
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© Manchester City
Consultation across staff, players, local people and fans was critical to the planning of our new academy
The Club researched 92 of the world’s leading sports Academies to understand best practice and to ensure sustainable development
Planning for our new academyConsultation engaged over 7000 people
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© Manchester City
Planning for our new academyThe site in its former life
Over 200 years of industry had occupied the site prior to City Football Academy
The last major occupation was heavy industry and chemicals (dye stuffs) production – mainly via Clayton Aniline
At its height, over 60,000 people worked in east Manchester industry
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© Manchester City
Planning for our new academyChanging places
The main entrance of Clayton Aniline of Ashton New Road
The site was active and productive into the late 1980s
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© Manchester City
Planning for our new academyAll but gone…
By the early years of the new century, Clayton Aniline and much of the local industry had gone – and with it most of the local employment
The area was left with challenging ground conditions and the scars of former buildings and industry
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© Manchester City
Planning for our new academyRemediation
A major programme of remediation began
Some 84 acres of heavy and varied pollution
All remediation was addressed on site with reuse central to the programme
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© Manchester City
Planning for our new academySite preparation
From flooded basements to ground levelling. From understanding galligu to stabilising benzines, it was critical to ensure that the site could host the activities and people of the Club and provide a suitable and healthy base of grasses, hedgerow, trees and associated wildlife
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© Manchester City
Developing our new academySustainable options….
Apart for the need for trees and hedgerow etc, the Club realised that sustainability must extend to its use of water and energy
The inclusion of a sustainable energy centre, an 8m litre rainwater harvesting reservoir and aces to a site spring have been important contributions
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© Manchester City
Developing our new academyLocal engagement
The importance of local people is critical in all out planning and actions
• 86% local procurement
• 70% local employment
• 96 apprentices• all with onward
options
• 14,000 hours of training
• Engaged local schools and colleges
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© Manchester City
Developing our new academyThe green edges
Appointing Planit IE, the Club sought to make a significant local environmental and regenerative boundary change for east Manchester and the city
It was critical to replace brick walls and concrete with green routes and avenues
• 2000 mature trees• 3km of hedgerow• c60 acres of grasses
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© Manchester City
Developing our new academyPublic realm
Alongside the need to create secure boundaries, ensure privacy and create noise barriers, the softer, public-facing edges are important too
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© Manchester City
Developing our new academyA new home for more than just football…
In line with Manchester City Council’s biodiversity strategy – and Manchester Green Corridor – it has been important to create spaces and places where wildlife can thrive
• Moths• Butterflies• Bats• Bees• Birds• Dormice (?)• …..
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© Manchester City
Living in our new academyTrees that fit
City Football Academy is a an active and busy site
The trees and natural infrastructure work well with the Club’s day-to-day activities and business
The scale and placements work well creating privacy where needed and an outward facing boundary that is well received
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© Manchester City
Living in our new academyForming new habitats
Albeit early days, the regular sighting of a wide variety of bird life, insects and colourful creatures provides confidence in the investment and in the future of the site and Campus
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© Manchester City
Living in our new academy
The academy has realised some major buildings to provide a practical and functioning home for the Club’s players, scholars and staff
Managed grass, natural boundaries and wild grasses are thriving side-by-side
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© Manchester City
Living in our new academyIt’s a good start…
There is absolute understanding that there is much to do
That the work to date has just provided a base from which we need to work, to maintain best practice and to encourage further opportunities in natural landscape and public realm…
…it’s a better outlook for which we care
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© Manchester City
Living in our new academyInitial Plan : 2008
Our core business is football
We need to manage our pitches and grass in the best possible way – for high quality, for maximum use and to achieve best practice in sustainability
We continue to learn and to share knowledge and we have dedicated and committed professionals in Grounds and Landscape
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© Manchester City
Our academy2016
City Football Academy in 2016 provides a base for over 800 scholars, first team and EDS for a leading women’s team and a working base for the Club and Group
There is a thriving community leisure and education hub and the Campus is one of the world’s leading sports districts seen by millions week-in week-out
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© Manchester City
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Question time
??
?
Don’t forget to join in the conversation
online too! Tweet
#CoTseminar@cityoftrees
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Steve Connor, Chair
Closing remarks
Tweet your thoughts! #CoTseminar@cityoftrees
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12:00 – 12:30pm – Visit to Manchester City Football Academy’s impressive landscape scheme (pre-booked people ONLY)
Thankyou
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This seminar has been supported by: