Plaas verhaal en artefakte van verhaal/gebeurtenis in ...€¦ · Plaas verhaal en artefakte van...

Plaas verhaal en artefakte van verhaal/gebeurtenis in volgorde

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9. Plaas verhaal en artefakte van verhaal/gebeurtenis in volgorde Dit is soos die lewe is. Een gebeurtenis gee aanleiding tot ’n ander. Leerders moet daarom die volgende historiese vaardighede aanleer: 1. Plaas voorwerpe vanuit die verlede in die korrekte volgorde. 2. Toon veranderinge oor ’n tydperk aan. 3. Bewys dat sekere dinge verander en ander dieselfde bly. 4. Onderskei tussen: • Tyd word veroorsaak deur die draai van die aarde om sy eie as. • Tyd vanuit die verlede kan gemeet word. • Die wyse waarop tyd gemeet word, het verander. • Tydsones veroorsaak dat tyd nie altyd dieselfde op aarde is nie. • Minute, ure, dae, weke en maande is wiskundige meeteenhede. • Tyd is in die natuur aanwesig: - Dag en nag, - Seisoene, - Plante se lewensiklus, en - Diere se migrasie. Baie dinge bly voortdurend vir ons belangrik, jaar in en jaar uit. Hulle is vir ons dieselfde as vir mense van duisende jare gelede. Hier is ’n paar voorbeelde: • Die wêreld draai om sy eie as. • Mense en diere moet eet. • Alle mense en diere sterf en plant voort. Kennis van en begrip vir verandering sluit die vermoë in om woorde en frases te gebruik wat met tyd verband hou, soos v.C., n.C., dekades, eeue, asook terme soos prehistories en Middeleeue, ens.


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JUNIOR LEERLYN

87. Kies en praat oor artefakte wat die verlede verteenwoordig [foto’s, voorwerpe] wat in die huis gebruik word vir sosiale en kulturele aktiwiteite.

88. Kan ’n paar historiese voorwerpe/artefakte [klere, huishoudelike artikels, geboue, vervoer] en prente in volgorde plaas.


ONDERWERP: Tyd Daar moet doelbewus gepoog word om JOU tydskonsep te ontwikkel.

1. Dit word die beste gedoen deur doelbewus gebeure rondom JOU waar TE NEEM; hoe dinge rondom JOU met verloop van tyd verander, ensovoorts.

2. Alles verander gedurig – JYself ook. Foto’s om dit uit te beeld is altyd ’n goeie oefening. Dink net aan hoe klere die afgelope tien jaar verander het. Om ’n historikus te wees, beteken doodeenvoudig dat jy besig is om getuienisse van verandering bymekaar te maak. Alles verander egter nie teen dieselfde spoed nie. Party dinge verander binne minute, terwyl ander weer eeue neem:

i. 1. Wat het die afgelope paar ii. minute hier verander?

2. Wat kan nog gebeur?


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1. Party veranderinge is gekoppel aan die seisoen. 2. Watter verandering het die afgelope paar maande hier plaasgevind?

Hoe het die motor verander vanaf dit vervaardig is?

1. Watter soort gebou was dit eers? 2. Op watter wyse het dit verander?

Verbeel jou watter dinge het in die verlede met die gebou gebeur?

Die volgende woorde moet in die bespreking gebruik word – eerste, laaste, wanneer, volgende, voor en daarna. Die oefeninge kan makliker en moeiliker gemaak word deur groepies prente as ’n eenheid beskikbaar te maak of deur die afsonderlike prente los te knip en deurmekaar te skommel.

3. ’n Volgende stap sal wees om die leerder lyste te laat maak van sekere veranderinge rondom hulle soos herfs, winter, lente en somer.

4. Gebruik roetine om tyd aan te leer. Ons meet daagliks tyd. Daarom behoort hulle

geoefen te word om te verstaan dat sekere tydeenhede altyd dieselfde lengte duur – dit voel slegs vir ’n mens dat tyd soms langer as ander tye is:


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Leer hulle presiese daaglikse roetine.

Verskaf altyd die korrekte tydsbevele.

Horlosies te leer gebruik.

5. Leer hulle om gebeure in volgorde te plaas: ’n Aantal voorbeelde wat gebruik kan word, is:

WAT IS TYD?

Ons lewens word gereël deur tyd. Dit is baie belangrik vir die meeste mense. Maar tyd is relatief. Vir ’n pasgebore baba is ’n dag omtrent sy hele lewe. Vir ’n 85-jaar oue man is dit slegs ’n fraksie van sy lewe. Maar 85 jaar is niks in vergelyking met die 4,5 biljoen jaar wat die aarde al bestaan nie. As ons bang is, voel tien sekondes soos die ewigheid, maar as ons onsself geniet, vlieg die tyd behoorlik!

Diere, voëls en insekte het blykbaar “ingeboude horlosies”. Korrekte tydsberekening is noodsaaklik vir hul voortbestaan. Plante word selfs geklassifiseer na aanleiding van besondere lewensduurte.


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87 Kies en praat oor artefakte wat die verlede verteenwoordig [foto’s, voorwerpe] wat in die huis gebruik word vir sosiale en kulturele aktiwiteite.

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Noem die verskillende maniere waarop tyd gemeet kan word.

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Wat is tyd? Beskryf dit?

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Wat is anachronisme?

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Waarom moet tyd verstaan word? Is dit regtig belangrik?


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88. Kan ’n paar historiese voorwerpe/artefakte [klere, huishoudelike artikels, geboue, vervoer] en prente in volgorde plaas.

ONDERWERP: VOLGORDE IN DIE LEWE VOORBEELD 1

VOORBEELD 2


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VOORBEELD 3

VOORBEELD 4


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VOORBEELD 5

VOORBEELD 6


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VOORBEELD 7 Jan van Riebeek land in die Kaap


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VOORBEELD 8


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88 Kan ’n paar historiese voorwerpe/artefakte [klere, huishoudelike artikels, geboue, vervoer] en prente in volgorde plaas.

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Plaas in die korrekte volgorde.

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Beskryf die volgorde in detail.

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Waarom moet dit in die presiese volgorde geplaas word?

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Is dit soos die gebeurtenis werklik plaasgevind het? Verskaf redes vir jou antwoord.


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SENIOR LEERLYN

89. Verduidelik en maak afleidings vanaf prente en artefakte.


91. Identifiseer, vertoon en bespreek voorwerpe wat sy eie en sy familie se verlede verteenwoordig.

92. Kan ’n uitgebreide aantal prente en voorwerpe in die korrekte volgorde plaas [op ’n tydlyn].

93. Kan algemene terme beter saam met abstrakte terme gebruik.

94. Gebruik ’n tydlyn, asook die datums, en d.m.v. dit plaas jy die verhale in volgorde.


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89. Verduidelik en maak afleidings vanaf prente en artefakte. ONDERWERP: Persone vanuit die verlede

BRON: Die Burger: Saterdag, 9 November 1991

Was hulle helde of swakkelinge?

Was pres. Paul Kruger ’n ploertige ou korrelkop? Baie van die stories wat aan hom toegedig word, soos dat hy by koningin Victoria uit sy piering koffie gedrink het, is verdigsels. Dit is waarskynlik deur die Engelse versin om die Boere in ’n slegte lig te stel. Iemand het gesê geskiedenis is iets wat nie gebeur het nie en wat geskryf is deur iemand wat nie daar was nie. Soos tye en menings verander, so word die geskiedenis aangepas. Baie mense wil vandag ons eie en die wêreld se geskiedenis oorskryf. Wat is waarheid? Dit hang van menslike interpretasies en vooroordele af. Selfs die geskiedenis wat ons vandag belewe, is vatbaar vir baie interpretasies. Hoeveel moeiliker is ’n perspektief op die verlede nie. Hoe maklik kon Hitler ’n held gewees het. Hy moes net die oorlog gewen het. Dan sou min mense sy oorlogsmisdade onthou het, net Churchill en Roosevelt s’n. Geen oorlog word met skoon hande geveg nie. En onse Jan van Riebeeck? ’n Mislukte koopman wat uit die Kompanjie moes bedank omdat hy vir persoonlike gewin handel gedryf het? Later is hy weer aangestel en Kaap toe gestuur. Groot ideale vir die Kaap het hy seker nie gehad nie. Hy wou net die verversingstasie laat werk. Piet Retief. Held of swakkeling? Aan die Kaap het hy die een onderneming ná die ander begin en oral uitgeboer. So te sê bankrot het hy sy wa gepak en getrek. In Natal het hy onoordeelkundig in die lokval van die vyand geloop. Held of onbesonne leier? Moet die geskiedenis herskryf word? Daar sal geen einde aan wees nie. In die Tweede Wêreldoorlog is die besnorde Josef Stalin as ’n saggeaarde held voorgehou. Vandag oordeel die wêreld anders. En nou tob die Amerikaners oor hul volksplanter, Christophorus Columbus (sy Latynse naam). Die Amerikaners noem hom Christopher. Eintlik was hy ’n Italiaanse boorling, en sy doopnaam was Christoforo Colombo. Die Spanjaarde het hom Christóbal Colón genoem.


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Hy het nie met hoë ideale uitgevaar om Amerika te ontdek nie. Vir roem en rykdom het hy ’n roete na China gesoek. Verdelger, of uitdraer van die beskawingslig? Ontdekker van die Nuwe Wêreld, of vernietiger van gevorderde kulture? Vandag wil die afstammelinge van die Amerikas se inheemse bevolkings hom kruisig. Lustig skel die Amerikaanse Raad van Kerke en die heer Fidel Castro saam. Op 12 Oktober 1992, Columbusdag, gaan Amerika die ontdekking van hul kontinent vyfhonderd jaar gelede gedenk. Die aktiviste wil dit as ’n dag van rou verklaar hê. In San Francisco word dié plakkaat vertoon: “Gesoek: Christopher Columbus, vir diefstal, volksmoord, rassisme, verkragting, marteling en moord. “In sy kultuur … alle ander kulture in die wêreld oorheers en sy taal in hul monde, sy klere op hul rûe en sy waardes in hul harte gedwing het … Daardie kultuur het vir homself die mag toegeëien om die lot van die ganse wêreld te bepaal.” Prof. Sara Castro-Klaren van die John Hopkins-Universiteit skryf: “Columbus se taak was om goud en juwele te vind. In die proses het sy manne duisende Amerikaanse inboorlinge verkrag, vermoor en verslaaf. Hulle het die land geplunder … Hy het dit in die naam van die Christendom gedoen … in een geslag het hulle hierdie mense vernietig met hul siektes en die geweld van hul oorwinning en slawerny.” Almal voel nie so oor Columbus nie. Hunter Davis skryf: “van die begin af was hy lief vir die Indiane. Lees sy briewe en joernale en jy sal sien hoe hy hulle bewonder het … Die werklike skuldige is koningin Isabella van Spanje.” “Wat is waarheid?” het Pilatus Christus gevra. Geen wonder Jesus het nie geantwoord nie. Die waarheid is ’n kompleksiteit van botsende gesigspunte.


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89 Verduidelik en maak afleidings vanaf prente en artefakte

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Noem wie eerste en wie laaste gelewe het?

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In watter eeu het Columbus gelewe?

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Verduidelik waarom Columbus en sy pa in verskillende generasies was.

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Watter geslag wat hier beskryf word, was die beste? Verskaf redes vir jou antwoord.


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90. Kies en praat oor artefakte wat die verlede verteenwoordig [foto’s , voorwerpe] wat in die huis gebruik word vir sosiale en kulturele aktiwiteite.

ONDERWERP: Vullishoop


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90 Kies en praat oor artefakte wat die verlede verteenwoordig [foto’s, voorwerpe] wat in die huis gebruik word vir sosiale en kulturele aktiwiteite.

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Noem 5 artikels wat in die hoop aangetref kan word.

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Beskryf elkeen se vorm en bou.

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Verduidelik waarvoor elkeen gebruik kan word.

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Plaas die voorwerpe/artefakte in ’n korrekte volgorde en sê waarom dit die korrekte volgorde is.


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91. Identifiseer, vertoon en bespreek voorwerpe wat sy eie en sy familie se verlede verteenwoordig.

ONDERWERP: Hoe mense eers geleef het


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91 Identifiseer, vertoon en bespreek voorwerpe wat sy eie en sy familie se verlede verteenwoordig.

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Noem die verskillende produkte wat aangetref word in die advertensies.

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Verduidelik wat die doel van elkeen is.

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Word die produkte vandag nog aangetref?

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Is hierdie produkte beter of swakker as dit wat vandag aangetref word? Verskaf redes vir jou antwoord.


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92. Kan ’n uitgebreide aantal prente en voorwerpe in die korrekte volgorde plaas [op ’n tydlyn].

ONDERWERP: Kronologie van die Suid-Afrikaanse verlede


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92 Kan ’n uitgebreide aantal prente en voorwerpe in die korrekte volgorde plaas [op ’n tydlyn].

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Noem die verskillende tydperke wat geïdentifiseer kan word.

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Beskryf elkeen van hierdie tydperke afsonderlik.

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Vergelyk elkeen van die tydperke met die tydperk waarin ons tans lewe. Die spesifieke onderwerp wat geïdentifiseer is, moet by elke tydperk afsonderlik bespreek word.

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Watter van die tydperke was die beste een? Verskaf redes vir jou antwoord


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93. Kan algemene terme beter saam met abstrakte terme gebruik.

Onderwerp: Livingstone en die Waterval

Born in Scotland, David Livingstone arrived in Africa in 1840 at the age of 27 as a missionary and physician. He spent most of the remainder of his life on the continent, his exploits making him the most famous explorer of the century. An encounter with a lion in 1843 cost Livingstone the use of his left arm. Undeterred, Livingstone continued his exploration of the African interior, particularly the Zambezi River area in 1852-1856. It was during this expedition that he became the first European to witness the magnificence of Victoria Falls.


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In 1866, Livingstone set out at the head of an expedition charged with the task of finding the headwaters of the Nile River. His lack of contact with the outside world over a period of four years raised concerns for his welfare and prompted the New York Herald to send Henry Stanley to find Livingstone. Stanley achieved his goal on November 10, 1871 approaching the explorer in an African village with the immortal words "Dr. Livingstone I presume." Years in the wilderness took their toll however, and David Livingstone died in Africa in April 1873 at age sixty.

A Scene "Gazed Upon by Angels in Their Flight"

In early November 1855, Livingstone traveled down the Zambezi River to see for himself the area the natives called "smoke that thunders." Approaching the spot in canoes, the party could see the columns of spray and hear the thunderous roar of water miles away from the falls:

"After twenty minutes' sail from Kalai we came in sight, for the first time, of the columns of vapor appropriately called 'smoke,' rising at a distance of five or six miles, exactly as when large tracts of grass are burned in Africa. Five columns now arose, and, bending in the direction of the wind, they seemed placed against a low ridge covered with trees; the tops of the columns at this distance appeared to mingle with the clouds. They were white below, and higher up became dark, so as to simulate smoke very closely. The whole scene was extremely beautiful; the banks and islands dotted over the river are adorned with sylvan vegetation of great variety of color and form … no one can imagine the beauty of the view from any thing witnessed in England. It had never been seen before by European eyes; but scenes so lovely must have been gazed upon by angels in their flight. The only want felt is that of mountains in the background. The falls are


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bounded on three sides by ridges 300 or 400 feet in height, which are covered with forest, with the red soil appearing among the trees.

When about half a mile from the falls, I left the canoe by which we had come down thus far, and embarked in a lighter one, with men well acquainted with the rapids, who, by passing down the centre of the stream in the eddies and still places caused by many jutting rocks, brought me to an island situated in the middle of the river, and on the edge of the lip over which the water rolls. In coming hither there was danger of being swept down by the streams which rushed along on each side of the island; but the river was now low, and we sailed where it is totally impossible to go when the water is high. But, though we had reached the island, and were within a few yards of the spot, a view from which would solve the whole problem, I believe that no one could perceive where the vast body of water went; it seemed to lose itself in the earth, the opposite lip of the fissure into which it disappeared being only 80 feet distant.

At least I did not comprehend it until, creeping with awe to the verge, I peered down into a large rent which had been made from bank to bank of the broad Zambesi, and saw that a stream of a thousand yards broad leaped down a hundred feet, and then became suddenly compressed into a space of fifteen or twenty yards.

The entire falls are simply a crack made in a hard basaltic rock from the right to the left bank of the Zambesi, and then prolonged from the left bank away through thirty or forty miles of hills. If one imagines the Thames filled with low, tree-covered hills immediately beyond the tunnel, extending as far as Gravesend, the bed of black basaltic rock instead of London mud, and a fissure made therein from one end of the tunnel to the other down through the keystones of the arch, and prolonged from the left end of the tunnel through thirty miles of hills, the pathway being 100 feet down from the bed of the river instead of what it is, with the lips of the fissure from 80 to 100 feet apart, then fancy the Thames leaping bodily into the gulf, and forced there to change its direction, and flow from the right to the left bank, and then rush boiling and roaring through the hills, he


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may have some idea of what takes place at this, the most wonderful sight I had witnessed in Africa.

In looking down into the fissure on the right of the island, one sees nothing but a dense white cloud, which, at the time we visited the spot, bad two bright rainbows on it. From this cloud rushed up a great jet of vapor exactly like steam, and it mounted 200 or 300 feet high; there condensing, it changed its hue to that of dark smoke, and came back in a constant shower, which soon wetted us to the skin…

On the left of the island we see the water at the bottom, a white rolling mass moving away to the prolongation of the fissure, which branches off near the left bank of the river… The walls of this gigantic crack are perpendicular, and composed of one homogeneous mass of rock. The edge of that side over which the water falls is worn off two or three feet, and pieces have fallen away, so as to give it some- what of a serrated appearance. That over which the water does not fall is quite straight, except at the left corner, where a rent appears, and a piece seems inclined to fall off Upon the whole, it is nearly in the state in which it was left at the period of its formation…


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On the left side of the island we have a good view of the mass of water which causes one of the columns of vapor to ascend, as it leaps quite clear of the rock, and forms a thick unbroken fleece all the way to the bottom. Its whiteness gave the idea of snow, a sight I had not seen for many a day. As it broke into (if I may use the term) pieces of water, all rushing on in the same direction, each gave off several rays of foam, exactly as bits of steel, when burned in oxygen gas, give off rays of sparks. The snow-white sheet seemed like myriads of small comets rushing on in one direction, each of which left behind its nucleus rays of foam."

References: Livingstone, David, Missionary Travels and Researches In South Africa (1858)


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93 Kan algemene terme beter saam met abstrakte terme gebruik.

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Skryf ’n paragraaf waarin jy die probleme wat Livingstone ondervind het, neerskryf.

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Beskryf die epiese tog van Livingstone en verduidelik die terme “Plek van donder”.

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Verduidelik hoe Livingstone dit reggekry het om die waterval te bereik,

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Het Livingstone regtig die waterval “ontdek”?


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94. Gebruik ’n tydlyn, asook die datums, en d.m.v. dit plaas jy die verhale in volgorde.

ONDERWERP: Oorwinning oor die Suidpool?

Doomed Expedition to the South Pole, 1912

On November 12, 1912 an Antarctic search party discovered its objective - the tent of Captain Robert Scott and his two companions half buried in the snow. Inside, they found the body of Captain Scott wedged between those of his fellow explorers, the flaps of his sleeping bag thrown back, his coat open. His companions, Lieut. Henry Bowers and Dr. Edward Wilson, lay covered in their sleeping bags as if dozing. They had been dead for eight months. They were the last members of a five-man team returning to their home base from the Pole.

The team had set out on its final push to the Pole the previous January. They knew they were in a race to be the first to reach their destination. Their competition was a Norwegian expedition lead by Roald Amundsen. The two expeditions employed entirely different strategies. Amundsen relied on dogs to haul his men and supplies over the frozen Antarctic wasteland. Scott’s English team distrusted the use of dogs preferring horses, once these died from the extreme conditions the sleds were man-hauled to the Pole and back. In fact, Scott deprecated the Norwegian’s reliance on dogs. Their use was somehow a less manly approach to the adventure and certainly not representative of


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the English tradition of “toughing it out” under extreme circumstances. Man could manage Nature. A similar spirit guided the building of the “unsinkable” Titanic and then supplied the ship with far too few lifeboats to hold its passengers if disaster did strike. Just as the passengers of the Titanic paid a price for this arrogance, so too did Captain Scott and his four companions.

At the Pole

In addition to Capt. Scott, Lieut. Bowers, and Dr. Wilson, two others, Capt. Titus Oates and Petty Officer Edgar Evans made the final push to the Pole. Conditions were appalling: temperatures plummeting to minus 45 degrees F., nearly impassable terrain, blinding blizzards, or blinding sunshine. On January 16, nearing their objective, Scott and his team make a disheartening discovery - evidence that the Norwegians have beat them to the Pole. In fact, the Norwegians had arrived four weeks earlier on December 14, 1911. Psychologically numbed by the finding, the team pushes on. We pick up Scott's journal on the following day:


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"Wednesday, January 17 - Camp 69. T. -22 degrees at start. Night -21 degrees. The Pole. Yes, but under very different circumstances from those expected. We have had a horrible day - add to our disappointment a head wind 4 to 5, with a temperature -22 degrees, and companions labouring on with cold feet and hands.

We started at 7.30, none of us having slept much after the shock of our discovery. We followed the Norwegian sledge tracks for some way; as far as we make out there are only two men. In about three miles we passed two small cairns. Then the weather overcast, and the tracks being increasingly drifted up and obviously going too far to the West, we decided to make straight for the Pole according to our calculations. At 12.30 Evans had such cold hands we camped for lunch - an excellent 'week-end one.' ...To-night little Bowers is laying himself out to get sights in terrible difficult circumstances; the wind is blowing hard, T. - 21 degrees, and there is that curious damp, cold feeling in the air which chills one to the bone in no time. We have been descending again, I think, but there looks to be a rise ahead; otherwise there is very little that is different from the awful monotony of past days. Great God! this is an awful place and terrible enough for us to have laboured to it without the reward of priority. Well, it is something to have got here, and the wind may be our friend to-morrow. ...Now for the run home and a desperate struggle. I wonder if we can do it.

Thursday morning, January 18 - ...We have just arrived at this tent, 2 miles from our camp, therefore about l 1/2 miles from the Pole. In the tent we find a record of five Norwegians having been here... We carried the Union Jack about 3/4 of a mile north with us and left it on a piece of stick as near as we could fix it. ...Well, we have turned our back now on the goal of our ambition and must face our 800 miles of solid dragging - and good-bye to most of the day-dreams!"


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Death of the First Team Member

"Saturday, February 17 - A very terrible day. Evans looked a little better after a good sleep, and declared, as he always did, that he was quite well. He started in his place on the traces, but half an hour later worked his ski shoes adrift, and had to leave the sledge. The surface was awful, the soft recently fallen snow clogging the ski and runners at every step, the sledge groaning, the sky overcast, and the land hazy. We stopped after about one hour, and Evans came up again, but very slowly. Half an hour later he dropped out again on the same plea. He asked Bowers to lend him a piece of string. I cautioned him to come on as quickly as he could, and he answered cheerfully as I thought.

We had to push on, and the remainder of us were forced to pull very hard, sweating heavily. Abreast the Monument Rock we stopped, and seeing Evans a long way astern, I camped for lunch. There was no alarm at first, and we prepared tea and our own meal, consuming the latter.

After lunch, and Evans still not appearing, we looked out, to see him still afar off. By this time we were alarmed, and all four started back on ski. I was first to reach the poor man and shocked at his appearance; he was on his knees with clothing disarranged, hands uncovered and frostbitten, and a wild look in his eyes. Asked what was the matter, he replied with a slow speech that he didn't know, but thought he must have fainted. We got him on his feet, but after two or three steps he sank down again. He showed every sign of complete collapse. Wilson, Bowers, and I went back for the sledge, whilst Oates remained with him. When we returned he was practically unconscious, and when we got him into the tent quite comatose. He died quietly at 12.30 A.M. On discussing the symptoms we think he began to get weaker just before we reached the Pole, and that his downward path was accelerated first by the shock of his frostbitten fingers, and later


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by falls during rough travelling on the glacier, further by his loss of all confidence in himself. Wilson thinks it certain he must have injured his brain by a fall.

It is a terrible thing to lose a companion in this way, but calm reflection shows that there could not have been a better ending to the terrible anxieties of the past week. Discussion of the situation at lunch yesterday shows us what a desperate pass we were in with a sick man on our hands at such a distance from home." Oates Walks Into Oblivion

"Friday, March 16 or Saturday 17 - Lost track of dates, but think the last correct. Tragedy all along the line. At lunch, the day before yesterday, poor Titus Oates said he couldn't go on; he proposed we should leave him in his sleeping-bag. That we could not do, and we induced him to come on, on the afternoon march. In spite of its awful nature for him he struggled on and we made a few miles. At night he was worse and we knew the end had come.

Should this be found I want these facts recorded. Oates' last thoughts were of his Mother, but immediately before he took pride in thinking that his regiment would be pleased with the bold way in which he met his death. We can testify to his bravery. He has borne intense suffering for weeks without complaint, and to the very last was able and willing to discuss outside subjects. He did not - would not - give up hope till the very end. He was a brave soul. This was the end. He slept through the night before last, hoping not to wake; but he woke in the morning - yesterday. It was blowing a blizzard. He said, 'I am just going outside and may be some time.' He went out into the blizzard and we have not seen him since."

Final Entries

"Wednesday, March 21 - Got within 11 miles of depot Monday night; had to lay up all yesterday in severe blizzard. To-day forlorn hope, Wilson and Bowers going to depot for fuel.

Thursday, March 22 and 23 - Blizzard bad as ever - Wilson and Bowers unable to start - to-morrow last chance - no fuel and only one or two of food left - must be near the end. Have decided it shall be natural - we shall march for the depot with or without our effects and die in our tracks.

Thursday, March 29 - Since the 21st we have had a continuous gale from W.S.W. and S.W. We had fuel to make two cups of tea apiece and bare food for two days on the 20th. Every day we have been ready to start for our depot 11 miles away, but outside


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the door of the tent it remains a scene of whirling drift. I do not think we can hope for any better things now. We shall stick it out to the end, but we are getting weaker, of course, and the end cannot be far. It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.

R. Scott

Last entry

For God’s sake look after our people."

References: Huntford, Roland, Scott and Amundsen (1984); Preston, Diana, A First Rate Tragedy (1998); Scott, Robert F., Scott's Last Expedition vol. I, The Journals of Captain R.F. Scott (1913).

Resources on the Web: Virtual Antarctica: History

http://www.terraquest.com/va/history/history.html


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94 Gebruik ‘n tydlyn asook die datums en d.m.v dit plaas jy die verhale in volgorde

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Skryf al die belangrikste gebeurtenisse chronologies

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Is die gebeure in die korrekte konteks neergeskryf? Gee duidelike redes vir jou antwoord.

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