Piracy Report - globalmaritimehub.com

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Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert 1 PIRACY REPORT NOVEMBER 2017 _____________________________________________________ Piracy and Acts of Armed Robbery of Ships For Monthly Reports Please contact Lydelle Joubert [email protected] Piracy Report Independent Global Incident Analysis

Transcript of Piracy Report - globalmaritimehub.com

Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert 1

PIRACY REPORT NOVEMBER 2017

_____________________________________________________

Piracy and Acts of Armed Robbery of Ships

For Monthly Reports

Please contact

Lydelle Joubert

[email protected]

Piracy Report Independent Global

Incident Analysis

2

Analysis

Nigeria, the Strait of Malacca and the Philippines

are currently the worst piracy and maritime robbery

affected areas. Venezuela also recorded high

incidents.

71 crew members and passengers of vessels were

kidnapped on the coast of Nigeria during 11

reported incidents between January and end of

November 2017. Maritime kidnap risk off Nigeria

remains high.

Ten crew members were kidnapped from the Bulk

Carrier, Venus Bay in November 2017. The Nigerian

Navy rescued the kidnap victims and arrested five

pirates. The incident has yet to be confirmed by the

Nigerian Navy or in local Nigerian newspapers.

Arrests of kidnap for ransom syndicate members

targeting commercial vessels off the Nigerian coast

are almost unheard of. For the most the only

kidnappers arrested are those involved in the

kidnapping of passengers and crew from small local

vessels or arrests that were executed by

neighbouring countries. It is likely that the suspects

in this incident would have been involved in

previous kidnappings. It raises more questions

about the identities of the kidnappers or possible

links to prominent members of Nigerian society.

The Fishing Trawlers Owners Association of Nigeria

listed piracy and robbery as a major challenge for

the industry. Attacks on fishing vessels in the Gulf of

Guinea are seldom reported.

Two robberies on yachts were recorded at Porto da

Praia Bay, Cape Verdes. A suspect was arrested in

connection with one of the incidents and three

others have been identified.

Six suspects were arrested by EU NAVFOR

Flagship, ITS Virginio Fasan after an attack on the

Container Ship, MV Ever Dynamic was reported off

the Somali coast on 17 November 2017.

The barge, Ever Omega on tow by tug Ever Prosper

was hijacked near Singkawang, Indonesia on 22

November 2017. The barge has since been located,

but the cargo of palm oil was removed.

Six suspects were arrested in the Philippines after

an attempted boarding of the fishing boat Nancy 888

in the Moro Gulf, Philippines on 19 November 2017.

2016

Incidents

November 2017

Incidents

Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

2017

Incidents

3 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

Incidents of Piracy and Robbery of Vessels: 2015 to 2017

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Southeast Asia

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

East Africa, Red Sea & Gulf of Aden

2015

2016

2017

Linear (2015)

Linear (2016)

Linear (2017)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

West Africa

4 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

NOV

2016

DEC

2016

JAN

2017

FEB

2017

MAR

2017

APR

2017

MAY

2017

JUN

2017

JUL

2017

AUG

2017

SEP

2017

OCT

2017

NOV

2017

Incidents by Region November 2016 to November 2017

EAST AFRICA AND ARABIAN GULF WEST AFRICA INDIAN SUB CONT SE ASIA SOUTH AMERICA

Incidents 2017: Type of Ship Attacked

5

Type Vessel Code

Barge

Bulk Carrier

Cargo ship

Coast Guard/

Patrol Boat

Container

Dhow

Ferry

Fishing Boat

Fishing Trawler

Offshore Supply

Vessel

Passenger Boat

Roll-on-Roll-off

Cargo Ship

Tanker

Tug

Yacht

B

BC

CS

PB

C

D

F

FB

FV

OSV

PMB

Ro-Ro

MT

TB

SY

48 18 15

75

Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

36

BC CS C D FB OSV PMB MT TB SY F Other

Americas 3 2 2 6 15 5 1 2

Indian Sub Continent 3 3 1 3 2 3

SE Asia 16 2 6 5 2 34 7 2

West Africa 9 5 5 5 2 16 1 2 3

East Africa/Arabian Gulf 3 2 4 7 1

0123456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536

6

Southeast Asia

Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

Eleven incidents of piracy and robbery of vessels were reported in Southeast Asia in November 2017. Six

incidents were reported in the Singapore Straits of which only one, the attack on the Bulk Carrier,

Nordmorsel, occurred while the vessel was underway. Three vessels were anchored off Pulau Bintan when

they were boarded. Robbers stole ship’s properties during one of the three incidents. A robbery was

reported at Muara Berau Anchorage, Samarinda, Indonesia. In the Moro Gulf, Philippines armed men in a

pump boat chased the fishing boat Nancy 888. The Philippines Navy arrested six suspects in connection

with this incident. Tugs towing barges were targeted during two incidents. The barge Ever Omega was

hijacked during one of these incidents.

8 November 2017 – The Bulk Carrier, Andromeda was boarded while underway 21nm SW of Palau

Mangkai, Kepulauan Anambas, Indonesia. The attackers were armed with knives. They stole ship’s and

crew properties and damaged communication equipment before escaping in a boat.1

19 November 2017 – The fishing boat Nancy 888, was chased by two motorized pump boats with

armed men onboard at the Sibarot fishing grounds, 22nm NE off Saluping Island in the Moro Gulf,

Philippines. The Philippines Navy dispatched the patrol vessel Manuel Gomez in response. The navy

intercepted the suspects on 20 November 2017 near Bolod Island. They arrested six suspects and

confiscated a M16 assault rifle and four magazines with ammunition. The suspects are Omar Amping,

39; Gabby S. Juwa, 35; Jadi Luhadi, 21; Alcimel Abdulla, 18; Madi Jalilul, 19; and Sakkam Dekani, 60.

Amping has two outstanding arrest warrants.2

22/11/2017. Tug, Ever

Prosper towing barge,

Ever Omega. Barge

hijacked.

19/11/2017. Nancy 888.

Fishing Vessel. Chased by

two pump boats. Six

suspects arrested

18/11/2017. Tug, Atlantic

8 towing barge, Atlantic

9. Attempted boarding.

7 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

Attacks on Tugs towing Barges

Two incidents involving tugs towing barges were reported in November 2017.

22 November 2017 –The Tug, Ever Prosper towing the barge, Ever Omega was attacked by men with

machetes near Singkawang, Indonesia. They were onroute to Penang from Bintulu at the time. The

attackers transferred the crew of the barge to the tug and hijacked the barge with a cargo of 3700

tonnes of palm oil. The barge was located by authorities on 23 November 2017, but the cargo had been

removed.3

18 November 2017 – A speed boat which appeared to be from the Police or Navy came alongside the

Tug Atlantic 8, towing the barge Atlantic 9 near Pulau Singkep, Indonesia. The Tug and barge were

onroute from Muaro Jambi, Indonesia to Viet Nam with a load of coal at the time. The AB noticed that

the speed boat has been following them since they left Muaro Jambi. The master switched on the

spotlight but refused the men to board. He maintained speed and altered course. After a while the

speedboat left the location.4

At least 117 incidents of piracy and robbery on tugboats have been reported in Southeast Asia since 2010

A clear concentration of attacks on tugboats in the Singapore Strait is illustrated in the heat map above.

Most of the tugboats are towing cargo barges and they have to slow down to navigate heavy traffic in the

straits which allows for easy boarding. Tugboats and barges are targeted in order to kidnap crew; to hijack

either the tug or barge to resell the vessel or the cargo; or to steal part of the cargo or ships properties from

the barge while underway.

8 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

The Tug, Ever Prosper and barge, Ever Omega are owned by Pengangkutan Kekal Sdn Bhd. The

company suffered six attacks since 2011. The November 2017 attack was the second time Ever Prosper

has been targeted. Their cargo are usually Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Crude Kernel Palm Oil (CKPO).

Pengangkutan Kekal Sdn Bhd vessels were hijacked during four of the six incidents, while ships and crew

properties were stolen during the remaining two. Vessels owned by Pengangkutan Kekal Sdn Bhd were

not the only vessels carrying CPO or CKPO that were targeted during this time. Two other tugs towing

barges were hijacked over the same period. The tanker Srikandi 515 carrying a load of 3100 tons of palm

oil was hijacked in 2014.

Pengangkutan Kekal Sdn Bhd is not the only tugboat company which reported multiple attacks. There are

several companies which were targeted multiple times. Although some of the attacks are pre-planned in

detail which require insider knowledge, it is not always the case. Companies often follow the same routes

and schedules which make the location of the vessels predictable.

The attempted boarding of the Axsonic Shipping tug and barge, Atlantic 8 and Atlantic 9 in November 2017

was also not the first incident where the company’s vessels was targeted. Three incidents against vessels

of the company were reported in 2010 and 2011. The Atlantic 3 towing the barge Atlantic 5 was hijacked

on 27 April 2010. On 19 May 2010 the Philippines coast guard noted two vessels matching the descriptions

of the tug and barge entering Saragani Bay, Philippines. They boarded the vessel. The embossed names

of the vessel were cut away and the tug was renamed Marlyn 8.5 This hijacking was pre-planned as the

buyer of the vessel produced fake registration and ship building documents for Marlyn 8.6

Attacks on barges carrying Crude Palm Oil and Crude Kernel Palm Oil since 2011

9 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

Attacks on Tugs and barges owned by Axsonic Shipping SDN Bhd since 2010

Update Abu Sayyaf Kidnappings

10 November 2017 – Philippine troops rescued three of the crew of the Bulk Carrier, Giang Hai.

Another crew member was found deceased. The Giang Hai was attacked by armed men in speedboats

near Baguan Island, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines on 19 February 2017. One crew member was killed and six

were kidnapped.7

17 November 2017 – The Philippines military rescued five kidnapped crew from the fishing vessel

Danvil 8 on Languyan Island, Tawi Tawi, Philippines.8 Five crew from FB Danvil 8 were kidnapped in

October 2017 off Port Poblacion, Pangutaran, Sulu, Philippines.

10 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

Indian Subcontinent

A robbery was reported at Kulpi Anchorage, Kolkata, India. A tug towing a barge was boarded and robbed

at Kutubdia Anchorage, Bangladesh. A suspicious approach was also recorded off India in the Arabian

Sea. It was found that the suspicious vessels were in fact fishing vessels engaged in fishing.

3 November 2017 – The barge, Maritime Hawk under tow by the tug, Maritime Raja was boarded by a

robber using a ladder at Kutubdia Anchorage, India. The robber escaped with a towing rope and

Norwegian buoy as the master of the tug directed the search light on the barge. When the barge was

inspected it was found that a pallet was broken. A knife and a hacksaw were also discovered. An hour

later the master of the tug, under advisement of the Control Centre casted the barge off on approach of

bad weather in order to move closer to the port limit. Once again the two small boats appeared and

approached the barge. The master moved the tug closer to the barge and once again flashed the

search light. The perpetrators only moved away on arrival of the Bangladeshi Coast Guard.9

13/11/2017. Tosa. Tanker.

Suspicious Approach.

3/11/2017. Tug, Maritime

Raja towing barge,

Maritime Hawk. Robbery.

11 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

13 November 2017 – The tanker, Tosa reported a suspicious approach of a suspected mother boat

with two skiffs 194nm SW of Panjim, Goa, India. The two skiffs appeared to pick up speed while on a

collision course with the Tosa. The master of the Tosa implemented Best Management Practises and

reported the incident to authorities. The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) established contact with MSC

Genova which was on a parallel course to Tosa at the time. The MSC Genova observed the suspicious

skiffs and mothership and established that they were fishing trawlers adrift. The IGC and Indian Navy

(IN) deployed air surveillance assets. The IN also boarded the boats to check their documents. They

confirmed that they are legitimate Indian fishing trawlers.10

East Africa and the Arabian Sea

The Container Ship, Ever Dynamic reported an attack off Somalia. A tuna vessel also reported a

suspicious approach in the same vicinity. The Chemical tanker, Great Star was attacked and fired on off

Mukalla, Yemen. The incident is most likely connected to the conflict in Yemen and not related to piracy.

17 November 2017 – An attack on the Container Ship, MV Ever Dynamic was reported at 12:17LT,

363 nm off the Somali coast. The discrepancies between the initial reports and subsequent reports are

concerning. Initially a suspicious approach to a distance of 1.6nm by a four manned skiff was reported.

It was reported that the skiff had withdrawn at this distance. Subsequent reports stated that the men on

the skiff tried to board the vessel but were prevented to do so due to razor wire along the gunnel. After

the attempted boarding the men fired two RPG rounds at the vessel, but missed. They withdrew at

12:45LT. The master reported the attack at 15:31LT. In most cases we expect that crew on the skiff will

fire on the vessel with automatic weapons in addition to a RPG during an attack. Firing with only a RPG

on a vessel is rare, but not unheard of.11

18 November 2017 – A similar skiff with four men onboard approached the Tuna Vessel, Galerna III at

full speed NW of the island Mahe and 380nm of the Somali coast. The crew retreated to the citadel.

The onboard security team fired warning shots at the skiff when they were 0.5nm from the fishing

vessel resulting in the skiff turning away.12

Six suspects were apprehended on a skiff and a motor whaler by Italian Marines from EU NAVFOR

Flagship, ITS Virginio Fasan. They were identified from information given from the masters of MV Ever

Dynamic and Galerna III and located by Fasan’s SH-90 helicopter.13 The suspects were handed over to

Seychelles authorities for prosecution on 22 November 2017.14

21 November 2017 – Armed men in a speed boat chased and fired on the Chemical Tanker, Great

Star at 22:40LT approximately 24nm SW of Mukalla, Yemen. The crew implemented Best Management

Practices. 15 This incident is likely not related to piracy, but to the conflict in Yemen. The Great Star is

managed by Massi Shipping LLC in Dubai, UAE.16 The UAE is one of the coalition forces in the Saudi

led intervention in Yemen.

A blockade was imposed on rebel held ports and airports on 6 November 2017 after a missile attack on

Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia also threatened to target the port of Hudaydah. As a result of the blockade UN

aid ships carrying food supplies to Houthi controlled ports had to lay off the coast in waiting for two weeks.

On 10 November 2017 Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, Yemeni Revolutionary Committee President threatened

Saudi Arabia on his Facebook page with attacks on Saudi oil tankers and oil facilities if the Hudaydah port

is attacked or invaded.17 The Saudi-led coalition eased the blockade on 26 November 2017 which allowed

UN aid ships to dock at Hudaydah and Saleef, both Houthi controlled ports, to deliver food aid.18

12 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

Source Twitter @indiannavy

17/11/2017. MV Ever

Dynamic. Container Ship.

Attack.

18/11/2017. Galerna III.

Fishing Vessel. Suspicious

Approach.

21/11/2017. Great Star.

Chemical Tanker. Non

piracy related Attack.

13 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

22 November 2017 – Six Somalis suspected of

piracy handed over to Seychelles for

prosecution by EU NAVFOR. UNODC MCP

advices on securing chain of evidence

Source UNODC MCP Twitter

Skiff and whale captured by EU NAVFOR

Source EU NAVFOR

Evidence handed over by EUNAVFOR to Seychelles

authorities

Source UNODC MCP Twitter

14 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

West Africa

11/11/2017. Venus Bay.

Bulk Carrier. Ten crew

kidnapped. Intercepted

by Navy.

16/11/2017. Fadelsia. Bulk

Carrier. Attack.

13/11/2017. SY Spinnwill.

Catamaran. Armed

robbery.

16/11/2017. Sabine.

Crude Oil Tanker.

Attempted boarding.

2/11/2017. SY Zaria.

Yacht. Armed robbery.

15 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

Eight incidents of piracy and robbery of vessels were reported off West Africa. Two robberies on yachts

were recorded at Porto da Praia Bay, Cape Verdes. Six incidents were recorded off Nigeria -an attempted

boarding of a chemical tanker at Lagos Secure Anchorage area and five incidents off Bonny Island.

During four incidents vessels were approached and chased. One incident resulted in the kidnapping of ten

crew members. The Nigerian Navy intercepted the pirate boat and arrested five pirates.

2 November 2017 – Robbers boarded the Yacht, Zaria at 20:00LT while at anchor 200nm NW of the

fishing harbour, Porto de Praia, Cape Verdes. Three robbers armed with knives swam to the yacht.

Only one person was onboard at the time. The robbers threatened the crew member and stole

electronic and other equipment and items of clothing. After the robbers left the crew member tried to

contact police on VHF but no response was received. The crew member was able to identify two of the

suspects.19

11 November 2017 – The drifting Bulk Carrier, Venus Bay was attacked by five pirates approximately

17nm SSW of Bonny Island, Nigeria.20 According to the ships manager, V-Ships, the Bulk Carrier had

just arrived at the Bonny Pilot Station awaiting a pilot when a boat approached at speed. The master

raised the alarm and alerted authorities. The crew were however not in time to reach the citadel. The

pirates damaged the bridged windows when they entered the bridge firing their weapons. They stole

ship’s and crew properties and kidnapped ten crew members. The Nigerian navy send a patrol boat to

the location.21 According to a project manager in the maritime industry the kidnapped crew were saved

and the five pirates arrested by the Nigerian Navy after the pirate’s boat capsized.22 The Venus Bay

was escorted to the inner anchorage by the navy.

13 November 2017 – Three robbers armed with knives boarded the Catamaran, Spinnwill after

midnight at Porto da Praia Bay, Ihla de Santiago, Cape Verdes. They threatened the crew and stole

electronic and other equipment, clothing, etc. The owner, Jens Werner Werenskiold was tied to the

mast and the crew were taken hostage. The robbers escaped with the dinghy, but as they were

unfamiliar with the outboard they had to row. The owner untied himself and alerted Port Police. Police

were waiting as the robbers reached the beach. The police arrested one suspect. Most of the stolen

items were recovered. The owner reported that the suspect arrested subsequently appeared in court.

He was well known to police and were apparently involved in previous robberies on yachts. Three

suspects are still at large.23

16 November 2017 – The Bulk Carrier, Fadelsia was attacked 19nm SW of Bonny Island, Nigeria while

underway. The attack took place 15 minutes after the Nigerian Navy security escort departed. The

vessel send a distress call after which the Navy’s security vessels returned and fired on the pirate boat.

They escorted the Fadelsia to Bonny Anchorage.24

Although no piracy or armed robbery incidents of fishing vessel in Nigeria have been reported in the media

in recent months the Fishing Trawlers Owners Association of Nigeria listed piracy and robbery as a major

challenge for the industry. The impact of maritime crime on fishermen is exacerbated by a decline in the

fishing industry.25

Update Kidnappings

12 November 2017 – The six crew members kidnapped from the Container Vessel, Demeter, off Bonny,

Nigeria on 21 October 2017 were released.26

16 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

On 16 November 2017 robbers armed with knives boarded and robbed the Chemical Tanker, Arctic

Breeze while at anchor at Mamonal Anchorage, Colombia.27

South America

17 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

On 5 November 2017 the yacht, Tangaroa was stolen from Marina degli Aregai, Italy. The incident took

place between 18:30 and 20:00LT. The vessel is a 17.1m UK flagged Moody 54 DS. Hull number

(DEMOO54019I415) and Volvo D3 150 engine number (A332780).28 The last AIS reading of the yacht was

received on 16 August 2017 on Sardinia.29 It is unknown why the AIS was not transmitting since.

Med

5/11/2017. Tangaroa.

Yacht. Stolen.

18 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert

Tangaroa’s last AIS transmission on 16 August 2017 at Sardinia.

Source: Marinetraffic.com

Tangaroa

Source: Boatandboats Magazine

19

End Notes

1. https://icc-ccs.org/index.php/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-report/details/169/1496 viewed 10/11/2017;

https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7633 viewed 13/11/2017

2. https://maritime-executive.com/article/philippine-forces-arrest-six-abu-sayyaf-pirates viewed 23/11/2017;

https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/11/22/philippine-navy-apprehends-six-asg-men-in-sulu-waters

3. http://www.theborneopost.com/2017/11/24/local-vessel-carrying-3700t-palm-oil-confirmed-hijacked/ viewed

27/11/2017

4. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7650 viewed 29/11/2017

5. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Default.aspx

6. ReCAAP Special Report On Hijacked / Missing Tug Boats and Barges in Asia (March – June 2011)

7. ReCAAP ISC Weekly Report 7-13 November 2017

8. http://www.oni.navy.mil/Portals/12/Intel%20agencies/piracy/20171122_WTS.pdf?ver=2017-11-27-104841-917

9. ReCAAP ISC Weekly Report 14-20 November 2017 viewed 21/11/2017

10. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7638 viewed 15/11/2017; ReCAAP ISC Weekly

Report 14-20 November 2017 viewed 21/11/2017

11. http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfor-confirms-the-names-of-the-attacked-vessels-as-galerna-iii-and-mv-ever-dynamic/;

http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfors-italian-ship-virginio-fasan-chases-and-captures-suspected-pirates/#.WhHk73fEY-

s.twitter viewed 20/11/2017; https://www.asket.co.uk/single-post/2017/11/19/Attempted-Boarding---RPGs-Fired-

piracy-marsec-IMBPiracy-IMOHQ-ukmto-shipping; https://www.asket.co.uk/single-post/2017/11/18/UKMTO-Advisory-

Armed-Skiff-Approached-MV-at-speed-marsec-piracy; https://crfimmadagascar.org/en/vol-attaque-a-main-armee-et-

piraterie-en-mer-vapm/ops-somalie-attaque-mv-ever-dynamic-large-cotes-somaliennes/

12. https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2017/11/21/albacoras-tuna-vessel-escapes-somali-pirate-attack-in-indian-ocean/;

https://www.asket.co.uk/single-post/2017/11/18/UKMTO-Advisory-MV-Approached-by-Armed-Skiff-piracy-marsec

viewed 23/11/2017

13. http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfors-italian-ship-virginio-fasan-chases-and-captures-suspected-pirates/#.WhHk73fEY-

s.twitter viewed 20/11/2017

14. UNODC MCP Twitter 22 November 2017.

15. https://icc-ccs.org/index.php/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-report/details/169/1505 viewed 23/11/2017;

https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7647 viewed 27/11/2017

16. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/SHIPS/ShipDetails.aspx?IMONumber=8912508

17. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42131361?ocid=socialflow_twitter

18. https://www.facebook.com/pg/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-

%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A-Mohammad-Ali-AlHouthi-149354595659229/posts/ posted

10 November at 11:42pm; http://whatsupic.com/index/houthi-leader-saudi-oil-tankers-will-targeted-coalition-attacks-

hodeidah/

19. http://www.noonsite.com/Countries/CapeVerdes/cape-verdes-ihla-de-santiago-porto-da-praia-bay-armed-robbery-

piracy-november-2017-1 viewed 4/12/2017

20. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7636 viewed 14/11/2017

21. http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/235326/ten-bulker-crew-members-saved-from-pirate-hands-off-nigeria/

viewed 17/11/2017

22. Max Williams, Fleet Operations Director, Africa Risk Compliance Limited.

23. https://www.facebook.com/jenswerner.werenskiold?hc_ref=ART9iGirWbWGbg2bPK1MrPnQrmvDMBsNf-

e1KwGo0LQLUFfTUNqbexwEHTTRK6_p5Gg viewed 21/11/2017;

http://www.noonsite.com/Countries/CapeVerdes/cape-verdes-ihla-de-santiago-porto-da-praia-bay-armed-robbery-

piracy-november-2017

24. https://icc-ccs.org/index.php/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-report/details/169/1500 viewed 20/11/2017;

https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7639

25. http://shipsandports.com.ng/collapse-fish-trawling-industry-nigeria

26. https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/nigerian-pirates-release-six-demeter-crewmen

27. https://icc-ccs.org/index.php/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-report/details/169/1501 viewed 20/11/2017

28. https://www.boatandboats.com/magazine/boat-stolen-marina-degli-aregai.html

29. http://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:3404208/mmsi:235109165/imo:0/vessel:TANGAROA#e3hcrT

uPdUywzTp2.99

Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert