Piracy Report - globalmaritimehub.com
Transcript of Piracy Report - globalmaritimehub.com
Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert 1
PIRACY REPORT NOVEMBER 2017
_____________________________________________________
Piracy and Acts of Armed Robbery of Ships
For Monthly Reports
Please contact
Lydelle Joubert
Piracy Report Independent Global
Incident Analysis
2
Analysis
Nigeria, the Strait of Malacca and the Philippines
are currently the worst piracy and maritime robbery
affected areas. Venezuela also recorded high
incidents.
71 crew members and passengers of vessels were
kidnapped on the coast of Nigeria during 11
reported incidents between January and end of
November 2017. Maritime kidnap risk off Nigeria
remains high.
Ten crew members were kidnapped from the Bulk
Carrier, Venus Bay in November 2017. The Nigerian
Navy rescued the kidnap victims and arrested five
pirates. The incident has yet to be confirmed by the
Nigerian Navy or in local Nigerian newspapers.
Arrests of kidnap for ransom syndicate members
targeting commercial vessels off the Nigerian coast
are almost unheard of. For the most the only
kidnappers arrested are those involved in the
kidnapping of passengers and crew from small local
vessels or arrests that were executed by
neighbouring countries. It is likely that the suspects
in this incident would have been involved in
previous kidnappings. It raises more questions
about the identities of the kidnappers or possible
links to prominent members of Nigerian society.
The Fishing Trawlers Owners Association of Nigeria
listed piracy and robbery as a major challenge for
the industry. Attacks on fishing vessels in the Gulf of
Guinea are seldom reported.
Two robberies on yachts were recorded at Porto da
Praia Bay, Cape Verdes. A suspect was arrested in
connection with one of the incidents and three
others have been identified.
Six suspects were arrested by EU NAVFOR
Flagship, ITS Virginio Fasan after an attack on the
Container Ship, MV Ever Dynamic was reported off
the Somali coast on 17 November 2017.
The barge, Ever Omega on tow by tug Ever Prosper
was hijacked near Singkawang, Indonesia on 22
November 2017. The barge has since been located,
but the cargo of palm oil was removed.
Six suspects were arrested in the Philippines after
an attempted boarding of the fishing boat Nancy 888
in the Moro Gulf, Philippines on 19 November 2017.
2016
Incidents
November 2017
Incidents
Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
2017
Incidents
3 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
Incidents of Piracy and Robbery of Vessels: 2015 to 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Southeast Asia
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
East Africa, Red Sea & Gulf of Aden
2015
2016
2017
Linear (2015)
Linear (2016)
Linear (2017)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
West Africa
4 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
NOV
2016
DEC
2016
JAN
2017
FEB
2017
MAR
2017
APR
2017
MAY
2017
JUN
2017
JUL
2017
AUG
2017
SEP
2017
OCT
2017
NOV
2017
Incidents by Region November 2016 to November 2017
EAST AFRICA AND ARABIAN GULF WEST AFRICA INDIAN SUB CONT SE ASIA SOUTH AMERICA
Incidents 2017: Type of Ship Attacked
5
Type Vessel Code
Barge
Bulk Carrier
Cargo ship
Coast Guard/
Patrol Boat
Container
Dhow
Ferry
Fishing Boat
Fishing Trawler
Offshore Supply
Vessel
Passenger Boat
Roll-on-Roll-off
Cargo Ship
Tanker
Tug
Yacht
B
BC
CS
PB
C
D
F
FB
FV
OSV
PMB
Ro-Ro
MT
TB
SY
48 18 15
75
Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
36
BC CS C D FB OSV PMB MT TB SY F Other
Americas 3 2 2 6 15 5 1 2
Indian Sub Continent 3 3 1 3 2 3
SE Asia 16 2 6 5 2 34 7 2
West Africa 9 5 5 5 2 16 1 2 3
East Africa/Arabian Gulf 3 2 4 7 1
0123456789
101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536
6
Southeast Asia
Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
Eleven incidents of piracy and robbery of vessels were reported in Southeast Asia in November 2017. Six
incidents were reported in the Singapore Straits of which only one, the attack on the Bulk Carrier,
Nordmorsel, occurred while the vessel was underway. Three vessels were anchored off Pulau Bintan when
they were boarded. Robbers stole ship’s properties during one of the three incidents. A robbery was
reported at Muara Berau Anchorage, Samarinda, Indonesia. In the Moro Gulf, Philippines armed men in a
pump boat chased the fishing boat Nancy 888. The Philippines Navy arrested six suspects in connection
with this incident. Tugs towing barges were targeted during two incidents. The barge Ever Omega was
hijacked during one of these incidents.
8 November 2017 – The Bulk Carrier, Andromeda was boarded while underway 21nm SW of Palau
Mangkai, Kepulauan Anambas, Indonesia. The attackers were armed with knives. They stole ship’s and
crew properties and damaged communication equipment before escaping in a boat.1
19 November 2017 – The fishing boat Nancy 888, was chased by two motorized pump boats with
armed men onboard at the Sibarot fishing grounds, 22nm NE off Saluping Island in the Moro Gulf,
Philippines. The Philippines Navy dispatched the patrol vessel Manuel Gomez in response. The navy
intercepted the suspects on 20 November 2017 near Bolod Island. They arrested six suspects and
confiscated a M16 assault rifle and four magazines with ammunition. The suspects are Omar Amping,
39; Gabby S. Juwa, 35; Jadi Luhadi, 21; Alcimel Abdulla, 18; Madi Jalilul, 19; and Sakkam Dekani, 60.
Amping has two outstanding arrest warrants.2
22/11/2017. Tug, Ever
Prosper towing barge,
Ever Omega. Barge
hijacked.
19/11/2017. Nancy 888.
Fishing Vessel. Chased by
two pump boats. Six
suspects arrested
18/11/2017. Tug, Atlantic
8 towing barge, Atlantic
9. Attempted boarding.
7 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
Attacks on Tugs towing Barges
Two incidents involving tugs towing barges were reported in November 2017.
22 November 2017 –The Tug, Ever Prosper towing the barge, Ever Omega was attacked by men with
machetes near Singkawang, Indonesia. They were onroute to Penang from Bintulu at the time. The
attackers transferred the crew of the barge to the tug and hijacked the barge with a cargo of 3700
tonnes of palm oil. The barge was located by authorities on 23 November 2017, but the cargo had been
removed.3
18 November 2017 – A speed boat which appeared to be from the Police or Navy came alongside the
Tug Atlantic 8, towing the barge Atlantic 9 near Pulau Singkep, Indonesia. The Tug and barge were
onroute from Muaro Jambi, Indonesia to Viet Nam with a load of coal at the time. The AB noticed that
the speed boat has been following them since they left Muaro Jambi. The master switched on the
spotlight but refused the men to board. He maintained speed and altered course. After a while the
speedboat left the location.4
At least 117 incidents of piracy and robbery on tugboats have been reported in Southeast Asia since 2010
A clear concentration of attacks on tugboats in the Singapore Strait is illustrated in the heat map above.
Most of the tugboats are towing cargo barges and they have to slow down to navigate heavy traffic in the
straits which allows for easy boarding. Tugboats and barges are targeted in order to kidnap crew; to hijack
either the tug or barge to resell the vessel or the cargo; or to steal part of the cargo or ships properties from
the barge while underway.
8 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
The Tug, Ever Prosper and barge, Ever Omega are owned by Pengangkutan Kekal Sdn Bhd. The
company suffered six attacks since 2011. The November 2017 attack was the second time Ever Prosper
has been targeted. Their cargo are usually Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Crude Kernel Palm Oil (CKPO).
Pengangkutan Kekal Sdn Bhd vessels were hijacked during four of the six incidents, while ships and crew
properties were stolen during the remaining two. Vessels owned by Pengangkutan Kekal Sdn Bhd were
not the only vessels carrying CPO or CKPO that were targeted during this time. Two other tugs towing
barges were hijacked over the same period. The tanker Srikandi 515 carrying a load of 3100 tons of palm
oil was hijacked in 2014.
Pengangkutan Kekal Sdn Bhd is not the only tugboat company which reported multiple attacks. There are
several companies which were targeted multiple times. Although some of the attacks are pre-planned in
detail which require insider knowledge, it is not always the case. Companies often follow the same routes
and schedules which make the location of the vessels predictable.
The attempted boarding of the Axsonic Shipping tug and barge, Atlantic 8 and Atlantic 9 in November 2017
was also not the first incident where the company’s vessels was targeted. Three incidents against vessels
of the company were reported in 2010 and 2011. The Atlantic 3 towing the barge Atlantic 5 was hijacked
on 27 April 2010. On 19 May 2010 the Philippines coast guard noted two vessels matching the descriptions
of the tug and barge entering Saragani Bay, Philippines. They boarded the vessel. The embossed names
of the vessel were cut away and the tug was renamed Marlyn 8.5 This hijacking was pre-planned as the
buyer of the vessel produced fake registration and ship building documents for Marlyn 8.6
Attacks on barges carrying Crude Palm Oil and Crude Kernel Palm Oil since 2011
9 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
Attacks on Tugs and barges owned by Axsonic Shipping SDN Bhd since 2010
Update Abu Sayyaf Kidnappings
10 November 2017 – Philippine troops rescued three of the crew of the Bulk Carrier, Giang Hai.
Another crew member was found deceased. The Giang Hai was attacked by armed men in speedboats
near Baguan Island, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines on 19 February 2017. One crew member was killed and six
were kidnapped.7
17 November 2017 – The Philippines military rescued five kidnapped crew from the fishing vessel
Danvil 8 on Languyan Island, Tawi Tawi, Philippines.8 Five crew from FB Danvil 8 were kidnapped in
October 2017 off Port Poblacion, Pangutaran, Sulu, Philippines.
10 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
Indian Subcontinent
A robbery was reported at Kulpi Anchorage, Kolkata, India. A tug towing a barge was boarded and robbed
at Kutubdia Anchorage, Bangladesh. A suspicious approach was also recorded off India in the Arabian
Sea. It was found that the suspicious vessels were in fact fishing vessels engaged in fishing.
3 November 2017 – The barge, Maritime Hawk under tow by the tug, Maritime Raja was boarded by a
robber using a ladder at Kutubdia Anchorage, India. The robber escaped with a towing rope and
Norwegian buoy as the master of the tug directed the search light on the barge. When the barge was
inspected it was found that a pallet was broken. A knife and a hacksaw were also discovered. An hour
later the master of the tug, under advisement of the Control Centre casted the barge off on approach of
bad weather in order to move closer to the port limit. Once again the two small boats appeared and
approached the barge. The master moved the tug closer to the barge and once again flashed the
search light. The perpetrators only moved away on arrival of the Bangladeshi Coast Guard.9
13/11/2017. Tosa. Tanker.
Suspicious Approach.
3/11/2017. Tug, Maritime
Raja towing barge,
Maritime Hawk. Robbery.
11 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
13 November 2017 – The tanker, Tosa reported a suspicious approach of a suspected mother boat
with two skiffs 194nm SW of Panjim, Goa, India. The two skiffs appeared to pick up speed while on a
collision course with the Tosa. The master of the Tosa implemented Best Management Practises and
reported the incident to authorities. The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) established contact with MSC
Genova which was on a parallel course to Tosa at the time. The MSC Genova observed the suspicious
skiffs and mothership and established that they were fishing trawlers adrift. The IGC and Indian Navy
(IN) deployed air surveillance assets. The IN also boarded the boats to check their documents. They
confirmed that they are legitimate Indian fishing trawlers.10
East Africa and the Arabian Sea
The Container Ship, Ever Dynamic reported an attack off Somalia. A tuna vessel also reported a
suspicious approach in the same vicinity. The Chemical tanker, Great Star was attacked and fired on off
Mukalla, Yemen. The incident is most likely connected to the conflict in Yemen and not related to piracy.
17 November 2017 – An attack on the Container Ship, MV Ever Dynamic was reported at 12:17LT,
363 nm off the Somali coast. The discrepancies between the initial reports and subsequent reports are
concerning. Initially a suspicious approach to a distance of 1.6nm by a four manned skiff was reported.
It was reported that the skiff had withdrawn at this distance. Subsequent reports stated that the men on
the skiff tried to board the vessel but were prevented to do so due to razor wire along the gunnel. After
the attempted boarding the men fired two RPG rounds at the vessel, but missed. They withdrew at
12:45LT. The master reported the attack at 15:31LT. In most cases we expect that crew on the skiff will
fire on the vessel with automatic weapons in addition to a RPG during an attack. Firing with only a RPG
on a vessel is rare, but not unheard of.11
18 November 2017 – A similar skiff with four men onboard approached the Tuna Vessel, Galerna III at
full speed NW of the island Mahe and 380nm of the Somali coast. The crew retreated to the citadel.
The onboard security team fired warning shots at the skiff when they were 0.5nm from the fishing
vessel resulting in the skiff turning away.12
Six suspects were apprehended on a skiff and a motor whaler by Italian Marines from EU NAVFOR
Flagship, ITS Virginio Fasan. They were identified from information given from the masters of MV Ever
Dynamic and Galerna III and located by Fasan’s SH-90 helicopter.13 The suspects were handed over to
Seychelles authorities for prosecution on 22 November 2017.14
21 November 2017 – Armed men in a speed boat chased and fired on the Chemical Tanker, Great
Star at 22:40LT approximately 24nm SW of Mukalla, Yemen. The crew implemented Best Management
Practices. 15 This incident is likely not related to piracy, but to the conflict in Yemen. The Great Star is
managed by Massi Shipping LLC in Dubai, UAE.16 The UAE is one of the coalition forces in the Saudi
led intervention in Yemen.
A blockade was imposed on rebel held ports and airports on 6 November 2017 after a missile attack on
Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia also threatened to target the port of Hudaydah. As a result of the blockade UN
aid ships carrying food supplies to Houthi controlled ports had to lay off the coast in waiting for two weeks.
On 10 November 2017 Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, Yemeni Revolutionary Committee President threatened
Saudi Arabia on his Facebook page with attacks on Saudi oil tankers and oil facilities if the Hudaydah port
is attacked or invaded.17 The Saudi-led coalition eased the blockade on 26 November 2017 which allowed
UN aid ships to dock at Hudaydah and Saleef, both Houthi controlled ports, to deliver food aid.18
12 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
Source Twitter @indiannavy
17/11/2017. MV Ever
Dynamic. Container Ship.
Attack.
18/11/2017. Galerna III.
Fishing Vessel. Suspicious
Approach.
21/11/2017. Great Star.
Chemical Tanker. Non
piracy related Attack.
13 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
22 November 2017 – Six Somalis suspected of
piracy handed over to Seychelles for
prosecution by EU NAVFOR. UNODC MCP
advices on securing chain of evidence
Source UNODC MCP Twitter
Skiff and whale captured by EU NAVFOR
Source EU NAVFOR
Evidence handed over by EUNAVFOR to Seychelles
authorities
Source UNODC MCP Twitter
14 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
West Africa
11/11/2017. Venus Bay.
Bulk Carrier. Ten crew
kidnapped. Intercepted
by Navy.
16/11/2017. Fadelsia. Bulk
Carrier. Attack.
13/11/2017. SY Spinnwill.
Catamaran. Armed
robbery.
16/11/2017. Sabine.
Crude Oil Tanker.
Attempted boarding.
2/11/2017. SY Zaria.
Yacht. Armed robbery.
15 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
Eight incidents of piracy and robbery of vessels were reported off West Africa. Two robberies on yachts
were recorded at Porto da Praia Bay, Cape Verdes. Six incidents were recorded off Nigeria -an attempted
boarding of a chemical tanker at Lagos Secure Anchorage area and five incidents off Bonny Island.
During four incidents vessels were approached and chased. One incident resulted in the kidnapping of ten
crew members. The Nigerian Navy intercepted the pirate boat and arrested five pirates.
2 November 2017 – Robbers boarded the Yacht, Zaria at 20:00LT while at anchor 200nm NW of the
fishing harbour, Porto de Praia, Cape Verdes. Three robbers armed with knives swam to the yacht.
Only one person was onboard at the time. The robbers threatened the crew member and stole
electronic and other equipment and items of clothing. After the robbers left the crew member tried to
contact police on VHF but no response was received. The crew member was able to identify two of the
suspects.19
11 November 2017 – The drifting Bulk Carrier, Venus Bay was attacked by five pirates approximately
17nm SSW of Bonny Island, Nigeria.20 According to the ships manager, V-Ships, the Bulk Carrier had
just arrived at the Bonny Pilot Station awaiting a pilot when a boat approached at speed. The master
raised the alarm and alerted authorities. The crew were however not in time to reach the citadel. The
pirates damaged the bridged windows when they entered the bridge firing their weapons. They stole
ship’s and crew properties and kidnapped ten crew members. The Nigerian navy send a patrol boat to
the location.21 According to a project manager in the maritime industry the kidnapped crew were saved
and the five pirates arrested by the Nigerian Navy after the pirate’s boat capsized.22 The Venus Bay
was escorted to the inner anchorage by the navy.
13 November 2017 – Three robbers armed with knives boarded the Catamaran, Spinnwill after
midnight at Porto da Praia Bay, Ihla de Santiago, Cape Verdes. They threatened the crew and stole
electronic and other equipment, clothing, etc. The owner, Jens Werner Werenskiold was tied to the
mast and the crew were taken hostage. The robbers escaped with the dinghy, but as they were
unfamiliar with the outboard they had to row. The owner untied himself and alerted Port Police. Police
were waiting as the robbers reached the beach. The police arrested one suspect. Most of the stolen
items were recovered. The owner reported that the suspect arrested subsequently appeared in court.
He was well known to police and were apparently involved in previous robberies on yachts. Three
suspects are still at large.23
16 November 2017 – The Bulk Carrier, Fadelsia was attacked 19nm SW of Bonny Island, Nigeria while
underway. The attack took place 15 minutes after the Nigerian Navy security escort departed. The
vessel send a distress call after which the Navy’s security vessels returned and fired on the pirate boat.
They escorted the Fadelsia to Bonny Anchorage.24
Although no piracy or armed robbery incidents of fishing vessel in Nigeria have been reported in the media
in recent months the Fishing Trawlers Owners Association of Nigeria listed piracy and robbery as a major
challenge for the industry. The impact of maritime crime on fishermen is exacerbated by a decline in the
fishing industry.25
Update Kidnappings
12 November 2017 – The six crew members kidnapped from the Container Vessel, Demeter, off Bonny,
Nigeria on 21 October 2017 were released.26
16 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
On 16 November 2017 robbers armed with knives boarded and robbed the Chemical Tanker, Arctic
Breeze while at anchor at Mamonal Anchorage, Colombia.27
South America
17 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
On 5 November 2017 the yacht, Tangaroa was stolen from Marina degli Aregai, Italy. The incident took
place between 18:30 and 20:00LT. The vessel is a 17.1m UK flagged Moody 54 DS. Hull number
(DEMOO54019I415) and Volvo D3 150 engine number (A332780).28 The last AIS reading of the yacht was
received on 16 August 2017 on Sardinia.29 It is unknown why the AIS was not transmitting since.
Med
5/11/2017. Tangaroa.
Yacht. Stolen.
18 Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert
Tangaroa’s last AIS transmission on 16 August 2017 at Sardinia.
Source: Marinetraffic.com
Tangaroa
Source: Boatandboats Magazine
19
End Notes
1. https://icc-ccs.org/index.php/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-report/details/169/1496 viewed 10/11/2017;
https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7633 viewed 13/11/2017
2. https://maritime-executive.com/article/philippine-forces-arrest-six-abu-sayyaf-pirates viewed 23/11/2017;
https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/11/22/philippine-navy-apprehends-six-asg-men-in-sulu-waters
3. http://www.theborneopost.com/2017/11/24/local-vessel-carrying-3700t-palm-oil-confirmed-hijacked/ viewed
27/11/2017
4. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7650 viewed 29/11/2017
5. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Default.aspx
6. ReCAAP Special Report On Hijacked / Missing Tug Boats and Barges in Asia (March – June 2011)
7. ReCAAP ISC Weekly Report 7-13 November 2017
8. http://www.oni.navy.mil/Portals/12/Intel%20agencies/piracy/20171122_WTS.pdf?ver=2017-11-27-104841-917
9. ReCAAP ISC Weekly Report 14-20 November 2017 viewed 21/11/2017
10. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7638 viewed 15/11/2017; ReCAAP ISC Weekly
Report 14-20 November 2017 viewed 21/11/2017
11. http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfor-confirms-the-names-of-the-attacked-vessels-as-galerna-iii-and-mv-ever-dynamic/;
http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfors-italian-ship-virginio-fasan-chases-and-captures-suspected-pirates/#.WhHk73fEY-
s.twitter viewed 20/11/2017; https://www.asket.co.uk/single-post/2017/11/19/Attempted-Boarding---RPGs-Fired-
piracy-marsec-IMBPiracy-IMOHQ-ukmto-shipping; https://www.asket.co.uk/single-post/2017/11/18/UKMTO-Advisory-
Armed-Skiff-Approached-MV-at-speed-marsec-piracy; https://crfimmadagascar.org/en/vol-attaque-a-main-armee-et-
piraterie-en-mer-vapm/ops-somalie-attaque-mv-ever-dynamic-large-cotes-somaliennes/
12. https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2017/11/21/albacoras-tuna-vessel-escapes-somali-pirate-attack-in-indian-ocean/;
https://www.asket.co.uk/single-post/2017/11/18/UKMTO-Advisory-MV-Approached-by-Armed-Skiff-piracy-marsec
viewed 23/11/2017
13. http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfors-italian-ship-virginio-fasan-chases-and-captures-suspected-pirates/#.WhHk73fEY-
s.twitter viewed 20/11/2017
14. UNODC MCP Twitter 22 November 2017.
15. https://icc-ccs.org/index.php/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-report/details/169/1505 viewed 23/11/2017;
https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7647 viewed 27/11/2017
16. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/SHIPS/ShipDetails.aspx?IMONumber=8912508
17. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42131361?ocid=socialflow_twitter
18. https://www.facebook.com/pg/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-
%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A-Mohammad-Ali-AlHouthi-149354595659229/posts/ posted
10 November at 11:42pm; http://whatsupic.com/index/houthi-leader-saudi-oil-tankers-will-targeted-coalition-attacks-
hodeidah/
19. http://www.noonsite.com/Countries/CapeVerdes/cape-verdes-ihla-de-santiago-porto-da-praia-bay-armed-robbery-
piracy-november-2017-1 viewed 4/12/2017
20. https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7636 viewed 14/11/2017
21. http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/235326/ten-bulker-crew-members-saved-from-pirate-hands-off-nigeria/
viewed 17/11/2017
22. Max Williams, Fleet Operations Director, Africa Risk Compliance Limited.
23. https://www.facebook.com/jenswerner.werenskiold?hc_ref=ART9iGirWbWGbg2bPK1MrPnQrmvDMBsNf-
e1KwGo0LQLUFfTUNqbexwEHTTRK6_p5Gg viewed 21/11/2017;
http://www.noonsite.com/Countries/CapeVerdes/cape-verdes-ihla-de-santiago-porto-da-praia-bay-armed-robbery-
piracy-november-2017
24. https://icc-ccs.org/index.php/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-report/details/169/1500 viewed 20/11/2017;
https://gisis.imo.org/Public/PAR/Incident.aspx?Action=View&ID=7639
25. http://shipsandports.com.ng/collapse-fish-trawling-industry-nigeria
26. https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/nigerian-pirates-release-six-demeter-crewmen
27. https://icc-ccs.org/index.php/piracy-reporting-centre/live-piracy-report/details/169/1501 viewed 20/11/2017
28. https://www.boatandboats.com/magazine/boat-stolen-marina-degli-aregai.html
29. http://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:3404208/mmsi:235109165/imo:0/vessel:TANGAROA#e3hcrT
uPdUywzTp2.99
Copyright © 2017 L. Joubert