Pip

A

expresterritoryshare “Tierra share aabout languaits comexpres“Iriai” unorms the wo

piripau S

(1) Res

(1

Abstract:

ThisperReswatbasmetPCmetResfactemdevpar

1. Introduc

The articlession used y where frits resourcde Pipirip

and commenjoying t

age word “cmmon resssions in Pused in the

entailed crd “Pipiripa

ky: from t

COELHO

searcher As

) Professo

s researcrception usearch fieldtersheds tosin (PCB). thodologieB’s water thod ansearch outtors to powermenveloped a rticipatory e

ction:

e’s title "Pby small

ree commces. This ao” that ha

memorate athan in socommons”sources (H

Portuguesee industrialcommunityau” has an

the trage

O, Osmar F

ssociate, CBrasilia

or at CenteBrasilia

ch pursueuse to imd was in oo Brasilia'sMethodolo

es to evaluscarcity a

d envirotcomes sh

farmersnt, and envperception

environme

Pipiripau sklandholderon resourexpressio

as a similaabundanceomething e” representHardin, 19

e e Spanishl era in Ja

y respect (n origin in t

edy of com

F.(1), LUDE

Center for Sa Federal Ur for Susta

a Federal U

ed to undmprove ene of threes water supogical schuate sociaand its soonmental howed sims and vironmentan methodontal planni

ky" was bors from Mices are av

on origins ar meaninge of a flouelse (Rae,ts a land w998). Indeh languagepan mean(Illich, 198the indigen

mmons to

EWIGS, Th

SustainablUniversity, ainable DevUniversity,

derstand nvironmen

e major Fepply: the Peme was l actor's plutions: st

perceptiomilar water

officers: al educatioology scheing.

orrowed frnas Geraisvailable toare in Sp

g, a place rishing ric 2014). Bwhere farmeed, Comes. In the s parts of 3). Otherwnous langu

o water s

homas (2).

le DevelopUnB velopmentUnB

environmental plannderal Distr

Pipiripau crbased on

perceptionstrategic maon analyr sustainab

institutioon. This stme applie

rom a Brazs state. It o all depenanish langwhere peohness, but

By its turnmers creatmons is same waynature wh

wise, someuage Tupi-

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ustainabi

pment, CDS

t, CDS

ental ning. rict's reek two

s on atrix ysis. bility onal tudy d to

zilian Portmeans a bnd on howguage expople are int users on, the old e rules to similar to

y, Japaneshere custome authors -Guarani m

a 1 de 14 

ility

S

tuguese blessed w users pression vited to ly think English govern

o these se word ms and believe

meaning

 

a river the per

BraziliaorganizBraziliafeatureboundabasin (surveyin Octoapprox

compokilometrepreseEnvironPlanaltaltitudecentralhectaremainly hectarefruit farhas 31

PCB’s

with few wrceptions p

In 1892, an Louis Fzed a grouan central es to estabaries of a (PCB). Thed region ober 2013,ximately 10

The Fedeosed of enters or 95%ented onlynmental atina admine is 1065 agricultures (235,27

soybean es of originrming. 424 administra

Until the 6area. It h

water (Berprocess aro

the CrulsFerdinand Cup of scient

plateau wblish the ne

14,400 se “Pepiripasecond big, the regul0% first flow

eral Districnvironmen% of the ty 0.4% ofand rural istrative remeters, aral area fo

7 square kiand corn

nal cover (4 agriculturative regio

60’s of thehad not si

rtram, 201ound Pipiri

s’s expediCruls arrivtists with b

with the maew capital,quare kiloau” from tggest watearized Pipw.

Figure.1

t (FD) hatal protectotal area. f DF's GDareas havegion in FDnd maximocused onilometers).crops (43

(18%), andre propertiens and 2,9

e last centgnificantly

1). The diipau creek

ition, led ved where best researain objectiv Brasilia (C

ometers tehat time, wer flow, 94piripau cree

HGEO, 200

s 5,789,16tion areasAgricultur

DP compave a stronD's northeum altitud

n vegetabl It has 10,

3%), 5,050d 3,968 hees occupy977,000 inh

tury, subsaltered b

spute ovek and its wa

by Belgiais today thrch instrumve of findiCruls, 1894rritory whawith "e", w50 liters pek flow wa

1 (CAESB, 2

6 square s Its ruralre betweenared to 82ng intercoast encome is 1225 e product,181 hecta0 hectaresctares with 71% of Phabitants (

istence agbasin hydro

r these meater scarcit

an astronohe Federalments of thng a territ4). As a reat includedwas a riveer second

as 988 lite

2001)

kilometersl area is n the years2% of the nnection i

mpasses Pmeters. P

ion. PCB’sares of extes of pastuh other usaCB's area IBGE, 201

griculture oological pr

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eanings is ty (see figu

omer natul District (Fat time to tory with thesult, he dd Pipiripaur that showin Octobe

rs per sec

s which 915,553.91 s 2008 an

services in FD´s teCB. The a

Planaltina s area is ensive agrres (22%)ages like ir(ANA, 206).

occupied mrocesses.

a 2 de 14 

part of ure 1).

uralized FD). He explore he best rew the u creek wed off

er 1892. cond, or

1% are square

nd 2010 sector.

erritory. average is FD’s 23,527

riculture , 4,327 rrigated 10). FD

most of Today,

 

PCB hmost iBrasiliasupplyhas a manag

Eucalycapitalof permstructuto 198averagmaximto 2003may beuse, poglobal the Pip

environwhich prograthroughregenesigned contracfarmersnew off

AadminiPCB. Tabout responrechargundersand res

as two primportant wa. In fact, . These citrather pron

ge water re

In the 19yptus trees . In the 19manent enres occurr8, the mea

ge minimumum and m3, flow dece linked to oultry induclimatic p

piripau dam

In 2010, nmental se

integratesm manageh vegetatioerate water

the voluncts, and s' voluntarfficers in PM

A complicstrative ofThis reseathe water

nse capabigeable arestand PCBsults, and e

imary useswater sou

PCB is ties aroundnounced d

esources us

970s, FDextensive80s, with f

nvironmentred rapidlyan annualm was 145

minimum avcrease botthe variou

ustry, minirocesses.

m to regula

National ervices pros 22 govement union cover rr ecologicantary partichave madry adherenMU. Now,

cated consfficers andarch soughr problem,lities to al

eas and to´s history environme

s: agriculturces for Fresponsibld Brasilia hdry seasonse by urba

’s governly in PCB ifederal govtal preservy and prom mean of

50 liters peverage flowth in the flous increaseng), degraIn 2000, trize the flo

Water Aogram (PEernmental it (PMU). regeneratioal structurecipation fode their pnce pace h100 farme

sensus prod farmers aht to under and howleviate it..

o optimize regarding

ental perce

ure and wFD’s populle for Plahave FD´s

n, which rean and rura

ment invein order to vernment avation. Themoted by g

BRP flow er second. ws were 24ood seasoed uses of adation of the local w

ow and to p

Agency (ES) in PCB

and nonThis prog

on by comes. 2011’s

orm. In theproperty imhas been sers are enro

ocess exisaround horstand stak

w these peIt means agriculturewater sca

eptions that

water suppllation whenaltina an

s highest pequires comal users (se

ested pubsupply wo

aid, agricue environmgovernmen

was 3380In the per

400 and 8n (29%) awater (agwater res

water compump wate

(NWA) inB called “Wngovernmegram aimepensating

s PES goae year 201mplementaslow. Receolled officia

sts based ow to curbkeholders’erceptionsto refores

e water usarcity and t have sha

y. PCB is ere is the nd Sobradpopulation mmand anee figure 1

blic resouood and firelture stepp

mental degnts. In the 0 liters perriod from 110 respectnd in the driculture irrources strpany, CAE

er to domes

troduced Water Proental orgaed to curb

farmers foal was 30013, 10 faration planently, it gotally.

on differeb water sc

environms and behst basin mse. Resear

its conflicped those

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one of thcapital of inho citiesgrowth rat

nd control t).

rces in pewood to t

ped up overadation operiod fromr second a1988 to 20tively. Fromdry seasonrigation, doructures anESB, inaugstic use.

a paymeducers” pr

anizations b water shor their act0 farmers trmers signs (PIP). t momentu

nt perceptcarcity probental perc

haviors detmainly in itsrch goals wcts, past so

solutions.

a 3 de 14 

e three f Brazil, s water te. PCB tools to

planting the new er areas of water m 1971 and the 003, the m 1971 n (44%) omestic nd also gurated

ent for rogram, in the

hortage tions to to have

ned first Indeed, um with

tions of blem in

ceptions termine s water were to olutions

 

diagnopercepcompostrategmethodqualita

environ

under a

of appr

rural wresourc

conscioresourcthings"ensurethey arepresedecisio

humanperceivwith scand fareality.

psychostakehprocesidentityterritoricommubehavifeedbafigure 2

2. Method

Strategic osis, futureption had aosed by twgic matrix (dological stive resear

This metnmental po

� Harmanalysis to

� Improv

� Increaropriation;

� Rescuworld, and aces;

� Act as

Environmeousness. ces exploi": use rulese communire both reentations. ons of each

EP is cenn beings mved and secience. Conrmers on

Environmeology (Whyolders’ wa

ss, and decy, personaiality. Procunication or, human

ack betwee2).

ology:

Environmee scenariosa role to cwo metho(based on scheme wrch techniq

thodologicaolicy goals

monize knoo achieve r

ve underst

ase local p

uing the riareas whe

s an educa

ental PercAccording

itation act s, rewardscation betwesource mThe differe

h group.

ntral to undmake deciselected by nflicts overthe other

ental perceyte, 1977).ater scarccision. Statality and cess variaand infor use systeen state a

ental planns, and straclarify the fodologies:

swot matrwas compques (Sabo

al schem(goal-orien

owledge frational use

tanding of

participatio

ich percepre populat

ational tool

ception is g to Whyte

and decid, and confween spec

managers ience betw

derstand csions abou

them. Ther the resoucan happ

eption ana. In this stu

city percepte variableeffectivenebles were

rmation. Fems and deand proces

ning is geategic actiofirst two stenvironme

rix). Besideleted by ourin, 2013

me was nted):

rom withine of resour

different e

on in analy

ptions abotions have

and a cha

the undere (1977), rede based flicts over cialists andindepende

ween them

complex mut the enviese elemeurces use pen based

lysis (EP) udy, perception. Thes were indess, expe: categor

Finally, Deecision pross variable

enerally coons. In thiteps usingental perces strategiparticipant3; Creswel

used to

n and outsrces;

nvironmen

ysis and pla

ut nature their livelih

ange agent

rstanding oesource mon how t

resources d local act

ent of sociis the sca

man-enviroronment b

ents may oinvolving s

d on this s

is a methoeption variase variabl

dividual asperience (timrization anecision vaocesses. Tes generat

omposed ois study, thg a methodception anc matrix at observatl, 2010).

guarantee

side enviro

ntal percep

anning pro

that are dhoods dep

t (Whyte, 1

of the envmanagers wthey perceuse. The

tors undersial origin aale of impa

nment relabased on aor may notspecialistssimplifying

odology baables helples are ofpects, groume), valu

nd judgmeariables wThe systemte decision

Página

of 3 basiche environdological snalysis (End EP, thition metho

e the fo

onmental

ptions;

ocesses as

disappearinpendent on

977).

vironment who particeive "the wcentral postanding band their acts genera

ations. Groa set of el be in agreon the onedifferentia

ased on coped to undef 3 typesup charactees systemnt, attitude

were choicmic interactn variables

a 4 de 14 

c steps: nmental scheme P) and s study od and

ollowing

system

s a way

ng from n nature

human ipate in work of int is to

because cultural ated by

oups of ements eement e hand, ation of

ognitive erstand : state, eristics,

ms and es, and ce and ion and s ( see

 

designinterprestartingover restudy stakeh

analysemake aproposnecess(future matrix order ttwo inopportulogicallare exGovern

Cognitive-ed to aid etation. Whg point for esults intepresents olders´ pe

Public anes togethea diagnosissition of mosary to go

scenarioscomposedo avoid cir

nternal opunities andly contraryxpressed nment offic

based varfield rese

hyte (1977environm

rpretation a method

rception.

Figu

d private er with othes (past) or odifying swbeyond si

s). Thus, ad of systemrcular logicpposite fied threats).

y to each oby verbs

cers and f

riables defiearch meth7) argues tental percis necess

dological

ure 2. Percep

sectors her instrumeto provide

wot matrix wituational a

actions of amic interacc when daelds of v. It meansther (Helm that repfarmers pr

ined as strhodologiesthis analytiception stusary to usescheme t

ption variable

have wideents. How

e future scewas necesanalysis toachieve, fa

ctions amota interprevariables s that somms, 2010; Spresent prre-strategic

ructures tos may limitcal effort isdies. To ree of otherthat captu

es and syste

ely used ever, it doenarios (Hessary for two build actoace, spur,

ong swot metation arriv

(strengthemetimes reShields et are-future c objective

o perceptiot environms not a poeduce resr research ures a st

mic behavio

swot mates not havelms et al.,

wo reasonsors' pre-strprotect w

matrix fieldsves in zeroens and sults fromal., 2002). scenarioses (values

Página

on processmental knoint of arrivaearcher intools. Thu

trategic vi

r

trix in situve the cap, 2010). Ths. The firstrategic obj

were part os. The seco sum logicweakness

m these fieThese new(see figu

) are strat

a 5 de 14 

ses and owledge al but a fluence us, this iew on

uational pacity to hus, the t, it was jectives

of 2 x 2 cond, in c about ses or, elds are w fields ure 3). tegic to

 

unders(Sen, 2

water ihave fsustainits goaits intefunctiovariabl

sustainsustainfields (functio

stand the s2011; Hans

F

This studyntegrated first a susnability is cals over timernal and ens (Hansee describe

functiodensity

S(t) = t’.

Strategic nability denability in strengths, ns in the e

stakeholdesen, 1996)

Figure 3. Swo

y needed amanagem

stainability considered

me. This deexternal v

en, 1996). ed accordin

(1) S (t) on at a timy function.

(2) when1 , howeve

matrix mefinition abterms of weakness

expression

(1) S =

ers' ability ).

ot matrix and

a water sument which

definitiond a group oefinition coulnerabilitiThus, sus

ng to expre

= 1 - V (me t, and

t = 0, S (0er when t=

ethod combove. It aiplanning a

ses, opport(1),

1 – V;

to manag

d modified Sw

ustainabilityPES is on

. This stuof probabilonsiders thes both e

stainability ession (1) a

(t), S (t) isV (t) is th

0) = 1, 100= t’ and S (t

mes from mds to undand stratetunities an

e future re

wot matrix in

y definitionne tool. Tody opted ities of a se inherent

expressed is present

and (2),

s the sustahe system

0% probabt’) = 0, the

modified sderstand hegic variabd threats)

esources a

n systemic re

n to guide o this end,

to use a system, or system chby their pted here a

ainability p's vulnera

bility to remsystem wi

swot matrihow stakebles. Swot are the pro

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and susta

elationship

the buildiit is necesdefinitionprocess, t

haracteristprobability as a system

probability bilities pro

main sustaiill collapse

ix applied eholders p

matrix vaobability de

a 6 de 14 

inability

ng of a ssary to where to keep tics and density m state

density obability

nable if at time

to the perceive ariables ensities

 

represerepreseamongformedachievesocial avalues 2010).

percepmodelscollectelogical systemlimits anaturalof parconditiotransfebehavicausesin the o2011; F

Areprodunew bstructureproduindividulimits aarchetyintermeindividu

displayterms events each gindividuA tranregulat

We, w

grid 2

In the expent sustainent vulnera

g its variabd by futuree, face, spactors pre-or intentio

The Systeption varias, it helps ted data, systructures

mic archetyarchetype dl or institutrticular beons that l

er archetypors and pes. Based oobserved pFolledo, 20

According uce thems

behavior eres. In facuction. Foual scalesarchetype, ype. Indivediate scaual ones.

In the pery both inteof system(rounded

group percual and sosition betwtions and n

(2) (St, Oweakness, a

(3) R= x 2, or Stra

ression (3)nability (Sabilities (V

bles fields.e scenariospur, protect-strategic g

ons to perf

ems theoryables and to draw reystemic arcs that ranypes were defines betional boun

ehavior animit a prepe describerceptions

on these twperception000; Bertal

to Sengeselves by gemergencect, a systemor each ps, see figu

and systevidual scaale shows

rception mrpret data

mic archety shape) in

ception syocial scalesween indivnorms.

Op) = 1 – (and Tr, thr

[(St,Op); ategic mat

), strengtheS). WeakneV). Swot m It producs in a 2 xt (see figurgoals or prform action

y was usedshow ne

einforcemechetypes wk and grochosen: g

ehaviors anndaries. It nd percepevious behbes actions as well awo types as: the syslanffy, 196

e (2011), sgeneratinge, and acmic event proposed dure 3), sysemic eventale reflects processe

odel diagrcollected

ypes. Systnteract thr

ystem (sees due to pavidual sca

(We, Tr), wreats;

(We,Tr)], trix.

ens and opesses and

matrix creaces a modx 2 grid. Tre 2). The re-future sns with stra

d to interprw interprent and bufwere used oup eventsgrowth limind perceptidentifies wtion. Othe

havior or pns that exas it identifarchetypes,stemic eve8).

systemic sg behavior ct as an is a controdata analystemic struts were dets percepes that b

rams, sociafrom strat

temic strucrough reine figure 4,articular inale and so

where St, s

where R r

pportunitied threats aates a systified swot his matrix strategic mcenarios wategic purp

et connectetive possffering feedin percept

s to identts and restions whichwhat are lerwise, thperception

xpress pallfies fundam, two typesnt and the

tructures ar patterns.

equilibriuol mechanysis level uctures weetermined uption procbuild socia

al, intermeegic matrixctures (sq

nforcement5,6). PESstitutional ocial scale

strengths; O

represents

s are fieldsare fields temic feedmatrix or,has four

matrix catewhat represpose (Coel

tions and fsibilities. Indbacks. In tion interprify behavi

sponsibilityh their groimiting conis archety

n to changliative solumental solus of structu systemic

are createSystemic

um structuism to a s(social,

ere identifusing respcess of ial scale p

ediate and x and EP uare shapt or buffer

S’s officersrole thosee is done

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Op, opport

s future sc

s of variabof variabl

dback relat, strategic areas of a

egories expsent socialho, 2014;

feedbacks n the perorder to in

retation. Thor pattern

y transfer. wth comesnditions to ype controge. Respoutions apputions to aures can bstructure (

d historicaevents ide

ure for sysystemic stintermediafied using ponsibility tindividualsperception

individualmethodolo

pe) and syring. Theys model ha individual directly t

a 7 de 14 

tunities;

cenarios

bles that es that tionship matrix,

actions: pressed l actors Helms,

among rception nterpret hey are

ns. Two Growth s under growth

ols the nsibility plied to address be seen (Senge,

ally and entify a ystemic tructure

ate and growth

transfer s while s from

scales ogies in ystemic

y model as only s have. through

 

operateon stat(past) systemterms oin futur

stakehwere cdimenspercepsystemevents percep

appliedquestioquestioon comhad tw(enviromatricepart (estrateg

agencisettlemagriculagenciextens. They

The sociae. While inte variablefrom syst

mic structurof systemicre time, bo

Perceptionolders’ an

categorizedsions. Percption modemic structur

are in preptions.

In the fieldd to PES oons were onnaire apmplexity of

wo versionsonmental pes). The seenvironmengic matrices

Interviewees, or NG

ment, a lotural area es like Nion servicewere 12 fa

al scale rentermediatees. The timtemic everes in presc events inth in differe

ns patternsswers and

d as strategception paels (figureres are moesent and

d study, thofficers an

represenplied to a pf actions ps. The first perception)econd verntal perces).

ed stakehoOs. Farmeow wage

connecteational Wae agency (armers from

epresents e scale is a

me dimensints (presesent and pn present tent social a

s were ided importangic event o

atterns weres 4,5,6). ore stable future time

e main mend two diffentations oparticular gerformed oversion ai

) and 6 qusion aimed

eption) an

olders had ers were fr

rural comed to supeater Agen(EMATER)m farmers

institutiona transitionons were

ent, futurepast time. Sime while saggregatio

entified conce to the or strategicre summarThey aredue to the

es becaus

ethodologicerent ruralof methodgroup mayon environmed to faruestions ind at PES’sd 6 ques

a role of rom two rummunity, aermarket cncy (ANA)) and NGOassociatio

nal space nal area whused to se

e). EP meSwot matrstrategic m

on scales.

nsidering fresearch gc structure rized and

e cognitiveeir historice they can

cal tool wa communidological

y, or may nnmental rermers had n its secons officers htions in it

leadershiural areas: and Pipiri

chains. PE, National

Os like Woons and 12

where dhere proceeparate syethodologyrix fields wmatrix fields

frequencygoals. Oncto be set organized

e cartogracal influencn create ne

as semi-opties farmescheme ot use all vsources. T40 questio

nd part (swhad 14 quts second

p in their Oziel III la

ipau villagES’s office Agriculturd Wild FoPES’s offi

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ecision vaess variableystemic stry data genwere expres were pos

of appearace identifiein social ain environ

phies whece while syew environ

pen questiors. Questiovariables.

variables, dThe questioons in its fiwot and sestions in

d part (sw

associatioandless pege, a devers were frral plannin

oundation (icers.

a 8 de 14 

ariables es work ructures nerated ssed in sitioned

ance in ed, they nd time nmental ere the ystemic nmental

onnaire onnaire Each depend onnaire irst part trategic its first

wot and

ons and easants veloped rom 12 ng and (WWF).

 

3. Resu

officersResultsprocesconflictpercepstructuscales analysevolve

model farmersrepresereinforcfamiliaenvironestablis

ults and di

This studys and fars allowed u

sses and Pts that are

ption moderes and ev(individua

is first (pafrom an in

In the indishows a ps' survivaented by tcement fer agricultunmental eshes a rein

scussion

y interpretemers leadus to unde

PES’s implee relevant els were vents (reinal, intermeast, presenndividual sc

Figure 4

ividual scapresent syl strategiehe lack of

eedback (+ure tenure

education nforcemen

ed water scders baseerstand perementationto PCB (Omade ma

nforcementediary andnt, future), cale to a so

. Environme

ale, Oziel Iystemic evees. Institutf public po+) to agroe as welfuture scet feedback

carcity envd on querception syn problemsOstrom et ainly lookit and buffed social) b

it shows ocial one.

ntal percepti

III settlemeent called tional isollicies acceoforestry gll as foodenario is k (+) to agr

vironmentaestionnaireystems thas, as well a

al. 1999).ng at inte

ering feedbby time show syste

on model: O

ent farmeragroforest

lation is aess to suppgardens. Td and wa future

roforestry g

l perceptioes and locat influenceas environm. The resueractions backs) in escales. Taemic struc

Oziel III settle

rs environmtry gardena past syport water These gar

water secusystemic

gardens.

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on data frocal observe decision mental perults analysamong sy

each one oking time

ctures and

ment

mental pers that are

ystemic stsupply. It

rdens streurity. Wate

event tha

a 9 de 14 

m PES’ vations. making

rception sis from ystemic

of social scales events

rception part of

tructure inserts

engthen er and at also

 

feedbadeveloagroecproducsystemstructurepresestatus

individubeen gconditiocalled discipliresourcenvironwater creates

bufferin

In the inteack (-) fromped by lo

cology alsoce food withmic event r

re called ented by nthat came

Environmeual scale growing reons and bnature nornary knowces. It mnmental edand enviros a reinforc

In the intng feedbac

ermediate sm a past syong-term wo insert a h a low wareceives a

lack of new interawith prope

Figure

ental percea presentcently with

better wagrmative vie

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