Piping material Seminar
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PIPING MATERIALS
BY: H.R.BARATI
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piping :
The term piping refers to the overall network ofpipes,fittings,flanges,valves& othercomponents that comprise a conduit systemused to convey fluids.
piping components:
mechanical elements suitable for joining or
assembly into pressure tight fluid-containingpiping systems include
Defini t ion:
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Piping components:
piping components includes:
Pipe & tube
Flange
gaskets, bolting
valves
Fittings (e.g. elbows, reducers, branch,connections, etc.)
Special items such as expansion joints
Pi i t i & t b l i f i ti
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Tube:
Specify by two of
Outside diameter
Wall thickness:
Pipe :
Specify by two of
NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) Wall Thickness (Schedule)
Tube : Heat conduction
Pipe : Fluid transferring
Piping components: pipe & tub e classi f ication
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Material Spec.ServicesMax. Temp.Classifications
A53, AI06L&I Temp.
L&I Press.
427 C
(800F)Carbon Steel
Ferrous
Material
Material
A335,A691High Temp.
I&H Press.
648 C
(1200F)
Low & Intermediate
Alloy Steel
A213, A312
Corrosive
Media, Purity
Maintenance
648 C
(1200F)
Stainless Steels
(High Alloy Steel)
A312High Temp(above 1200
OF)
815C(1500F ')
Stainless SteelsforHigh Temperature
A48, A395
Low Temp &
Press.,
Civil
204C
(400F)Cast Iron
B161, B167
L&I Temp,
Corrosive
Media
343 C
(650F)
Nickel & High Nickel
Alloys
Non
FerrousMaterial
B466 etc.
Sea Water for
Low Temp &
Press.
427C
(800F)
Copper & Copper
Alloys
B21O etc.Light Weight204C
(400F)
Aluminum &
Aluminum Alloys
8337 etcLight Weight315C
(600F)
Titanium & Titanium
Alloys
D1527 etc.Low Temp &
Press
426C
(800F)Thermoplastic
Non
Metallic
C582 etc.Low Temp &
Press
149C
(300F)
Laminated
Reinforced
Thermosetting Resin
D2996 etcLow Temp &
Press
110C
(230F)
Filament-Wound
Thermosetting Resin
(GRP)
AWWA
C300 etc.
U/G Piping
for Low
Temp &
Press
93C
(200F)Concrete
NR, NBR etc
Low Temp &
Press,
Corrosive
Media
121C
(250F)Rubber
C599 etc.High Purity Maintenance230C
(450F)Glass
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Piping components pipe & t b e classi f ication
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Pipe: NPS:
, , 1, 1 , 2,3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28,30,
32,36, 40, 44, 4852,56, 60 NPS < 12, OD > NPS NPS 14, OD = NPS
NPS 1 , 2 ,3 ,5 not used
Pipe is supplied in
Random length (17 to 25 ft)Double random length (38 to 48 ft)
Pipe end:BE (bevel end)
PE (plain end)
TE or SCBELL & SPIGOT
Piping components: pipe & tub e classi f ication
Pip ing compo nents : p ipe & tube Jo in t ing
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Method of joining pipe:
Butt weld
Socket weld
Threaded
Quick coupling
Flange
Special item
Pip ing compo nents : p ipe & tube Jo in t ing
Piping compo nents: Pipe (But t Weld)
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Used in most piping systems NPS 2
Use generally not restricted
Difficult in small sizes, especially for thin wall
Piping compo nents: Pipe (Butt -Weld)
Piping compo nents: Pipe (socket Weld)
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Size frequently limited to NPS 1
Not used in severe cyclic conditions and in services where
corrosion is accelerated in crevices No weld metal can enter bore, easier alignment on small line
than butt-weld
Tack is unnecessary
Have not any leakage
Piping compo nents: Pipe (socket-Weld)
Piping compo nents: Pipe (threaded = screwed)
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Common materials
Gray iron (ASME B16.4)
Malleable iron (ASME B16.3)
Steel (ASME B16.11)
Non-toxic, non-flammable, Generally not used where leaks cannot betolerated
NPS 1 , pressure rating < 600, temperature < 625
Piping compo nents: Pipe (threaded = screwed)
Piping components: Flange
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Piping components: Flange
Flange used for
Mate to equipment, vessels, valve,
When need periodic cleaning
Flanges are normally used for pipe sizes above
NPS 1.
Piping components: Flange
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Flange Rating Class:
pressure/temperature combinations
Seven classes (150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1,500, 2,500)
Flange strength increases with class number
The material specifications are grouped withinMaterial Group Numbers.
Piping components: Flange
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Piping components: Flange
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Flange Rating Class
Piping components: Flange
Piping components: Flange
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p g co po e ts a ge
Type of f lange end:
Weld Neck Flanges
Socket-Welded Flanges
Threaded Flanges
Slip-On Flanges
Lapped Flanges
Piping components: Flange
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p g p g
Type of f lange end:
Piping components: Flange
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Flange Facing Types
Flat Faced
Raised Face
Ring Joint
p g p g
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Piping components: Flange
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Socket welding flange
Piping components: Flange
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Threaded flange
Piping components: Flange
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Slip-on flange
Internal welds is slightly more subject to corrosion than
the butt-weld Poor resistance to shock and vibration
Cheaper to buy, costlier to assemble
Strength under internal pressure 1/3 of corresponding
welding neck flange
Easier to align than the welding neck flange
Piping components: Flange
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Expander flange
Reducer + welding neck flange
Increase pipe size to first or second large size
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Piping components: Flange
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Spectacle blind
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Piping com ponents: Gasket / Bolt & Not
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Gasket:
Resilient material
Inserted between flanges Compressed by bolts to create seal
Commonly used types
Sheet
Spiral wound
Solid metal ring
Insulation gasket
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Piping comp onents: Gasket
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Spiral wound
Piping comp onents: Gasket
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Spiral wound
Piping comp onents: Gasket
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Spiral wound
Piping compo nents: valve
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Valves
Valve are use for Controlling process and utility service
Isolating equipment or instrument for
maintenances Discharge gas, vapor or liquid
Draining piping and equipment on shutdown
Emergency shutdown
Piping compo nents: valve
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Classify valves according to functions: Block flow (On / Off)
Regulating (Throttle flow) Checking (Prevent flow reversal) Switching Discharging (pressure relief valve)
Classify valves according to operating device: Manual Hydraulic Motor (electric and air operated)
Piping com ponents: valve (result )
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Piping compo nents: valve
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Type of valves:
Ball valves Gate valves
Globe valves
Check Valves
Plug valve
Butterfly valves
Needle valves
Relief Valve
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Piping compo nents: valve (bal l valve)
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Used for isolation (quick on / off)
Soft-sealed ball valves are not normally used for
throttling service because the soft-seats are subjectto erosion or distortion/displacement caused by fluid
flow when the valve is in the partially open position.
ADV: Low pressure drop, fast operating, bubble-tight
shut off, can be throttled Check Valves
DISADV: Expensive, heavy, poor throttling
Piping compo nents: valve (gate valve)
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Piping compo nents: valve (gate valve)
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About 75% of all valves in process plants
an optimum engineering and economic choice for on
or off service. (cutout or isolation valves)
ADV: small pressure drop across valve
DISADV: poor throttling characteristics
Piping compo nents: valve (globe valve)
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Piping com ponents: valve (globe valve)
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Piping com ponents: (check valve / swin g check v alve)
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Simple design
Allows flow in one direction
Can not be used as an isolation valve
Piping com ponents: (check valve)
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Piping compo nents: valve (but terf ly valve)
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used as cutout/isolation valves
ADV: quick-acting low pressure drop across the valve,
has adequate throttling characteristics
DISADV: only used for low press/low temp systems
due to force involved in valve operation
Piping c omponents: valve (needle valve)
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Needle Valve
Piping compo nents: valve
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Relief Valve
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Piping compo nents: Fit t ing
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Fitting produce change in geometry and include:
Change in direction of piping
Alter pipe diameter
Terminate pipe
Bring pipes together
(made branch from main pipe run)
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Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Return:
Curvature = 1 NPS
Uses in:
Vent on tanks
Bend:
Curvature = 4 - 6 NPS
Made from seamless and ERW straightpipe
Two methods used to making bend
Hot
Cold
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Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Reducer
Eccentric
Suction & discharge of pump
support
concentric
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Swage :
connect butt-welded piping to smaller socket-weld or
screwed Abrupt change of line size in butt-weld Type:
Eccentric
Concentric
Venturi: Allows smoother flow
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Tee
Straight (branch to the same size as the run)
Reducing Branch smaller than the run
Bullhead tee have branch larger than run & seldomused and made to special order
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Cross
Straight (branch to the same size as the run)
Reducing (rarely used)
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Lateral (manufacture in factory) Run inlet run outlet branch angle respect to
outlet (6 6 4 45)
Shape nipple (use template) Manufacture at shop Rarely use 90, 45
45
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Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Weldolet
Make a closer manifold that Tee
Full size
Reducing Flat
Are available for connecting to pipe caps and pressurevessel
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Elbolet: reducing tangent branch on elbow
Latrolet : reducing, 45
Sweepolet Good flow pattern and optimum stress distribution
90 reducing from the main pipe
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)
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Closure
Cap
Flat closure
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Elbow (90, 45)
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Return:
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Reducer
Reducer insert
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Swage :
Abrupt change of line size in butt-weld
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Full coupling
Half coupling
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Union
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Tee
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Cross
l
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Lateral
S k l
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Sockolet
S k ldi Elb l
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Socket welding Elbolet
Socket welding latrolet
Nippolet
C
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)
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Cap
Elb ( )
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Elbow (90, 45)
Reducing elbow
Red cer
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Reducer
Reducer insert
S i l
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Swage nipple
F ll li
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Full coupling
Half coupling
Tee
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Tee
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lateral
Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (thread)
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lateral
Union
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Union
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Threadolet
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Threadolet
Threaded elbolet
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Threaded elbolet
Threaded latrolet
Threaded nippolet
Closure
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)
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Closure
Cap
plug
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (specia l i tem)
Expansion joint (Bellows)
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Expansion joint (Bellows)
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (specia l i tem)
Expansion joint
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Expansion joint
strainer
Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (specia l i tem)
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strainer
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Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (branch co nnect ion chart )
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The end Prepared by:
Hamid Reza Barati
Email:barati.hamidreza @gmail.com
Phone number: 0912632805