Pipeline Safety Trust 2011 Annual Conference New Orleans
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Transcript of Pipeline Safety Trust 2011 Annual Conference New Orleans
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Pipeline Safety Trust2011 Annual Conference
New Orleans
Leak DetectionLiquid Pipeline Systems
Larry DaviedMagellan Midstream Partners, L.P.
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Magellan Midstream Partners, L.P.• Tulsa, Oklahoma Headquarters• Midwestern Based Pipeline System• 85 Fuels Terminals (East Coast, Midwest, Gulf Coast)• ~ 11,000 Miles of Liquid Pipelines• 4” to 36” Diameter (11” Weighted Average)• Products Transported:– Gasoline, Diesel, and Jet Fuel– Crude Oil– Heating Oil– Propane and Butane– Anhydrous Ammonia
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Pipeline SCADA Systems• SCADA– Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
• Provides Remote Monitoring and Centralized Control Capabilities
• Data Points Monitored includes:– Line Pressure– Flow Rate– Temperature– Pump/Motor/Engine Information– Product Density/Gravity– Tank Levels– Safety Device Information
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SCADA Systems
• Allow for Remote:– Opening/Closing of Valves– Starting/Stopping Pumps– Switching Tanks– Starting/Stopping P/L Deliveries and Receipts– Observing Terminals and Stations via video cameras– Alarm Receipts and Operational Notices– Directing Field Personnel– Contacting Emergency Responders
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SCADA Operating Console
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Pipeline MonitoringDOT PHMSA Regulations
• CPM Leak Detection (195.134) – Design• CPM Leak Detection (195.444) – Operations
and Maintenance• Pipeline Integrity Management (195.452) –
Leak Detection for High Consequence Areas• Control Room Management (195.446) – NEW
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DOT PHMSAControl Room Management - NEW
• August 2011 Effective Date (for most sections)• Sections
(a) General(b) Roles and Responsibilities(c) Adequate Information(d) Fatigue Mitigation(e) Alarm Management(f) Change Management(g) Operating Experience(h) Training(i) Compliance Validation(j) Compliance and Deviations
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Pipeline MonitoringAPI Recommended Practices
• API 1130 – Computational P/L Monitoring for Liquids
• API 1164 – SCADA Security• API 1165 – SCADA Displays• API 1167 – SCADA Alarm Management• API 1168 – P/L Control Room Management
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Leak Detection and P/L MonitoringLiquid Operator R&D Sponsored Projects
• PL-1 Small Leak Detection for Liquid Pipelines• PL-1-1 Small Leak Detection in Liquid Pipelines –
External Leak Detection Evaluation and Development
• PL-1-2 New Look at Pipeline Variable Uncertainties and Their Effects on Leak Detection
• PL-1-3 Alternatives For Small Seeper Leak Detection During In-service Hydrotesting
• PL-2-1 Review and Develop Improved Technologies to Monitor Station / Facility Integrity at Unmanned Locations
• ROW-3 Conceptual Pipeline Integrity & Security Management [RAM Program]
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Liquid Pipeline SystemsSCADA Leak Detection
• Significant historic and ongoing efforts and focus from Regulators, Public, Operators, and Industry Consultants/Contractors
• Highly dedicated industry work groups focused on improvements, including development of Standards and Recommended Practices
• Significant historic and ongoing Research and Development and applied SCADA software, hardware, and pipeline instrumentation systems
• SCADA upgrades and enhancements frequently deployed• Post Incident scrutiny from Public, Regulators, Legislators,
and Operators
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…… And Yet …..
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AOPL/API LeadershipLeak Detection Initiatives
• August 2011 Formal Commitment to PHMSA for Operators to Improve Liquid P/L Safety
• 7 Prioritized Initiatives• Leak Detection Improvement Initiative– Focus: P/L Ruptures and Large Volume Releases– Elements: Prompt Recognition, Response, and
Reporting (3 R’s)– Goal: We Must be GREAT at 3R Execution
• Recommended Leak Detection Evaluation on all Liquid Transmission Pipelines (PHMSA ANPRM)
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Leak Detection – Liquid Pipelines
Keeping People SafeAnd
Protecting the EnvironmentAre Paramount
• #1 Goal: Don’t Have Leaks• #2 Goal: Quickly Recognize and React to
Actual and Suspected Release Events• #3 Goal: Minimize False Alarms
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Leak Detection Challenges(to name a few)
• Original P/L System design and configuration• Varying vintage SCADA and leak detection applications• Batched Systems – Multiple Products• Multiple Phase Products• Reversible Flow Systems• Transient and Steady State flow conditions• Turbulent and Laminar Flow transitions• Intermittent P/L operations• Step change product temperature gradients• Elevation induced hydraulic variations• Varying P/L diameters, telescoping systems, restrictions, block
valves, Tees, relief systems, control valves, and unique physical characteristics 15
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Leak Detection Challenges(to name a few - MORE)
• Multiple pump configurations – series, parallel, varying and multiple speed, electric and engine drives
• Branch connections and multiple inlets, outlets, and partial flow alignments
• Slack line and product separation static conditions• Instrumentation type, quantity, vintage, accuracy, and
repeatability• Communication outages and back-up systems• Signal scan and refresh rates• Errant signal and data filtering• SCADA generated alarm quality and quantity• Operator sensory overload
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Leak Detection Challenges(to name a few – MORE - Plus)
• Human Factors • Fatigue• Relatively low incident rates of system failures for each
operating company, and consequently even lower for each individual pipeline controller – experienced based learning opportunities
• Simulator and hydraulic modeling training quality and frequency variances.
• HVL versus Crude versus Condensate versus Refined Products physical property and hydraulic characteristics operated within a single SCADA console
• HCA versus non-HCA system variances• Varying individual operating procedures• Employee turnover and training time for new Controllers• External and internal resource availability 17
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Leak Detection Challenges• While challenges exist, SCADA Systems are capable of
detecting actual and suspected leaks, from large to small rate releases
• Equally important, SCADA Systems can detect when a pipeline segment is “behaving abnormally”
• Difficult, does not imply “Impossible”, although there are limits imposed by science, technology, and application
• One of the biggest challenges is accurately distinguishing between actual release events and false alarms.
• False alarms can effectively desensitize the SCADA Operator, with a potential over reliance upon analysis and hydraulic rationalization (“I’ve seen this before, and it was caused by xxxx, so we can dismiss as a false alarm”)
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3R Execution Challenges
• Strategic Shift (Large vs Small Releases)• Culture (React vs Analyze)• Applications (Distinguish Rupture from “all
other events” and line imbalance signals)• Training, Drills, and Simulations Focus
NOTE: 3R Execution is not dependent upon new technology or new SCADA Systems
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3R Path Forward• AOPL/API Liquid Pipeline Leadership Commitment
• Leak Detection Initiative Work Group Established
• Pilot Work Group Being Formed
• Information sharing on how to “teach” SCADA Systems to: SCREAM RUPTURE!
• Gather Input from Public, Emergency Responders, and Regulators on Pipeline Rupture Report– Should we distinguish between Confirmed Releases, Suspected
Releases, and False Alarms? 20
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Leak Detection Initiative
We’re All in this Together
Performance Gaps associated with P/L Ruptureand Large Volume Release Events are an
Industry FocusLiquid Pipeline Operators share a common goal
to safely and responsiblyoperate and maintain our assets
We Need Your Input, Feedback, Ideas, and Energy!
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