Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction...
Transcript of Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction...
![Page 1: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pilot Distraction
Promoting Better Attention
Management
PACFEFF 2017 – Melbourne
![Page 2: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background/Perspective
• Large “domestic” U.S. airline
• Homogeneous - single aircraft type
• Over 20 years of safety experience
–Primarily from the pilot union side
• Author “The Human Factor” safety column
![Page 3: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SWAPA Reporting Point
![Page 4: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Safety Evolution
• Safety Management Systems (SMS) – develop and refine safety tools
• Detect and remove safety vulnerabilities
– If not, then mitigate and educate
• Stubborn problems like distraction-related errors
• Need a more comprehensive strategy for reducing errors from pilot distraction
![Page 5: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Resources
• ALAR tool kit (1998)
• ASRS (1998)
• FAA InFO 10003 (2010)
• DOT driving safety (texting)
![Page 6: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Distraction Characteristics • It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening
• We retain the appearance of operational compliance during the distraction event
• Little advance warning
• Low predictability/High complexity
• Time/Workload acceleration
• Individual and crew factors
• Poor cues as to how the workflow was disrupted after the distraction ends
![Page 7: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Definitions • Distraction – anything that diverts our
attention away from our intended flow of work
• Workflow – flow of operational tasks that we manage by building a shared mental model through:
• Policies, planning, and procedures
• Decision-making related to workflow
• Personal/Crew workload management skills
![Page 8: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Distraction-related Events
• Disrupt the intended workflow - how?
–Breakdown of Pilot Flying/Pilot Monitoring roles
– Failure to restore the workflow to the correct operational point
–Residual effects of the distraction
![Page 9: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Distraction - the Human Factor
• We are hard-wired for distraction
• Engineered into the aircraft
![Page 10: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
I’m afraid we’re going to have to head back, folks … we’ve got a warning light on up here, and darn if it isn’t the big one. Larson – The Far Side
![Page 11: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Distraction - the Human Factor
• We are hard-wired for distraction
• Engineered into the aircraft
• Bottom line – we respond to distractions every single time
• Any safety solutions we adopt must incorporate the assumption that pilots will be distracted
![Page 12: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Complicating Trend
• The rise of screen culture –Reduced attention span
–Brain chemistry changes – rise in sensory input baseline
–Multitasking
–Discretionary tasks at inappropriate times
![Page 13: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Easily Distracted Pilots
![Page 14: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Our Hero Dug!
![Page 15: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Solving the Distraction Problem
• Simple strategy
– Prepare for distraction by modulating the level and focus of our attention
• Key to distraction management is attention management
![Page 16: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Distraction Environment
Vulnerability to Distraction
Leve
lof
Att
en
tio
n
A
B C
D
Shorter Startle Reaction
Longer Startle Reaction
Quicker Distraction Analysis
Slower Distraction Analysis
Accurate Plan Recovery
Errors in Plan Recovery
Flow Recovery
Flow Disruption
Active Flight Path Monitoring
Flight Path Momentum
PF/PM Role Integrity
PF/PM Role Breakdown
Actions by Choice
Actions by Habit
![Page 17: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Solutions – Human Factors
• Organizational level – incorporate flow and attention management into procedure development
• Pilot level – increase awareness, train techniques, and promote discipline to improve attention management skills
![Page 18: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Organizational Measures
• Resources – ASRS Directline – Cockpit Interruptions and Distractions
– ALAR Tool Kit – Interruptions/Distractions
• Work flow awareness – TEM/HFACS/RRM Models
– Trends noticed in safety monitoring programs
• Automation and technology
![Page 19: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Organizational Measures • Areas of Vulnerability management (AOV)
![Page 21: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Organizational Measures • Areas of Vulnerability management (AOV)
![Page 22: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Pilot Education Ideas
• Promote attention management – Deeper discussions on the effects of distraction
on workflow
– Mindfulness
– Pattern interruption
– Mental rest during green cruise phases (Discretionary time management)
– Promote professionalism
![Page 23: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pilot Education – Distraction Management
• Promote awareness through education
–Educate pilots on how our minds work
• Myth of Multitasking
• By-products of frequent screen use
• Hazards of multi-sensory discretionary choices
![Page 24: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pilot Education – Distraction Management
• Promote existing good practices
– Distraction reaction of each person
– Assignment of roles (workload management)
– Sterile cockpit
– Effective communications and coordination
– Avoid discretionary distractions during dynamic flight
– Coordinate heads-down work
– Effective use of automation
![Page 25: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Effects of Distraction on Flow
• Distraction awareness and recovery
–What was happening before the distraction occurred?
–Where were we in the flow?
–How do we restore the intended path?
![Page 26: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mindfulness
• Slow the pace of sensory input
• Improve our ability to focus our attention
• Awareness of the workflow
• Choice over habit
• Accepting what is happening, not what you wish to be happening
![Page 27: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Pattern Interruption
• Promote conscious choice
–Respect procedure, but alter habitual flow
–Advantages of altering mental processes
![Page 28: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mental Rest – Discretionary Time
• Guide appropriate activities during green phases
– Appropriate activities to promote mental rest
– Start/Stop times for discretionary tasks
– Rehearse the future task flow using the existing conditions
• Both desired path and contingency paths
![Page 29: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Promote Professionalism
• Attention discipline in dynamic flight
• Personal pursuit of professional excellence
![Page 30: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Career Progress and Professional Job Skills
Pro
fes
sio
na
l Kn
ow
led
ge
Length of Airline Career
New Hire
CA Upgrade
Retirement
![Page 31: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Promote Professionalism
• Attention discipline in dynamic flight
• Personal pursuit of professional excellence
• Cultural promotion of professional ideals
–Debriefing for sustained improvement
– Life-long learning
–Promote a culture of professionalism
![Page 33: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Wrap-up
• More emphasis on the effects of distraction on workflow
• Educate pilots on the effects of distraction
• Promote attention management by phase of flight
• Promote professional development
![Page 34: Pilot Distraction - PACDEFF · Distraction Characteristics •It doesn’t look like distraction while it is happening •We retain the appearance of operational compliance during](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022071009/5fc748f771e5c93f96502107/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Finish with a squirrel joke