PILL CAMERAVISAKH.J.B

S7 EEEROLL NO:58

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CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION

• SAPHON BLADELESS WIND TURBINE

• ADVANTAGE

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCE

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●Aim of technology is to manufacture products at molecular level.●Achieved by nanotechnology.●One such product is pill camera.●A vitamin pill-sized, swallowable camera.●Capture images of inside body..●Study on captured images by the experts.●Approved by European Medicines Agency

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1Introduction

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ONVENTIONAL METHOD C● Currently, standard method of detecting abnormalities in the intestines is through endoscopic examination● But these scopes are unable to reach through all of the 20-foot-long small intestine, and thus provide only a partial view of that part of the bowel.

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PILL CAMERA

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NTRODUCTION TO PILL CAMERAI

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Imagine a vitamin pill-sized camera that could travel through your body taking pictures, helping diagnose a problem which doctor previouslywould have found only through surgery.

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PILL CAMERA

Recent development of Nanotechnology.‘Camera in a Pill’.Size of a Capsule.Shape of a Pill.Capsule Camera.Tiny camera.Once it is swallowed, takes pictures

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SPECIFICATIONS

Diameter 11mm.Length 26mm.Less than 4gm.Bullet Shape

Picture of a capsule

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FEATURES

Takes 2 images per second. 50,000 images are obtained

during an 8 hour exam. Magnification:8x. Coating is non-adherent. Disposable

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NSIDE A PILL CAMERAI

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It has 8 parts.1.Optical dome.2.Lens Holder.3.Lens.4.Illuminating LEDs.5.CMOS image sensor.6.Battery.7.ASIC transmitter.8.Antennae.

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O PTICAL DOME

Front part of the capsule.Bullet shaped.Light Receiving Window.Non conductor material.Harmless.Easy orientation.Prevent infiltration of digestive fluids inside the capsule.Easy propelling.

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LENS HOLDER

Accommodates the lens.Lens is tightly fixed.Avoids dislocation of lens

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LENS

Integral component.Behind Light Receiving Window.Light through window falls on the lens

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ILLUMINATING LED’S

Accommodates the lens.Lens is tightly fixed.Avoids dislocation of lens

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C MOS IMAGE SENSOR

140º field of view.Detect objects as small as 0.1mm.Precise.Detect a Polyp, traditional endoscope can’t do

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B ATTERIES

Button shaped & 2 in number.Silver oxide primary batteries.Even discharge voltage.Disposable.Harmless.

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A SIC TRANSMITTER

Application Specific Integrated Circuit.Behind the batteries.2 transmitting electrodes are connected to it.Electrodes are electrically isolated.

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ANTENNAE

Dome is harmless.Parylene coated onto polyethylene or polypropylene is used. Receives data from ASIC transmitter.Send to Data Recorder.

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ILLCAM PLATFORM COMPONENTSP1. Pill Cam Capsule – SB or ESO.

2. Sensor Array Belt ●Worn around the patient’s waist over clothing.●Sensors are incorporated within the belt.

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ILLCAM PLATFORM COMPONENTSP3.Data Recorder

●Small portable Recording device.●Placed in the Recorder pouch

Data Recorder mounted on belt pack and tied to the patient’s waist.

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ILLCAM PLATFORM COMPONENTSP4.Real time viewer

●Handheld device.●Enables Real-Time viewing.●Contains RAPID Reader software.●Colour LCD monitor.

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ILLCAM PLATFORM COMPONENTSP3.Workstation and rapid software

●Enables efficient Capsule Endoscopy.●Review & Analysis●RAPID 6.●RAPID 6 Access.●RAPID 6 Reader.

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How does it works???●The patient swallows the capsule and the

natural muscular waves of the digestive tract propel it forward through stomach, into small intestine, through the large intestine.

●It takes snaps as it glides through digestive tract more than twice a second.

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How does it works???

●Capsule transmits the images to a data recorder, which is worn on a belt around the patient's waist.

●The physician then transfers the stored data to a computer for processing and analysis.

●The complete traversal takes around eight hours and after it has completed taking pictures it comes out of body as excreta.

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DATA RECORDER

COMPUTER

Movement Of Capsule Through The Digestive System

Data Acquisition & Storage Of Data On Computer

Produces two images per second, approximately 2,600 high quality images.

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How does it works???

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Circuit Block diagram of Transmitter

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How does it works???

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Circuit Block diagram of Reciever Circuit Block diagram of Receiver

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How does it works???

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Circuit Block diagram of Reciever Circuit Block diagram of Reciever

External control circuit

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SESU• Crohn's Disease. • Malabsorption Disorders. • Tumors of the small intestine & Vascular Disorders.

• Medication Related To Small Bowel Injury

• Ulcerative Colitis

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mages obtained from pillcamI

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CAPSULE IN SMALL BOWEL

HEALTHY SMALL BOWEL

CROHN’S DISEASE

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DVANTAGESA• Painless, no side effects .• Miniature size.• Accurate, precise (view of 150º).

• High quality images.• Efficient than X-ray , CT-scan, normal endoscopy.

• High sensitivity & specificity.• Avoids risk in sedation and radiation.

• Simple procedure• Harmless material.

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ISADVANTAGESD1.Patients with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing are not good candidates for this procedure due to the risk of obstruction.

2. Patients with pacemakers, pregnant women face difficulties. 3.The Pill will get stucked if there is a partial obstruction in the small intestine.

4. Impossible to control Camera behavior. 5.Very expensive.

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uture scopeF

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1.Capsule with a laser.2.Zooming & Auto Focus.3.Reduction in size.4.Cost effective.5.Longer Battery life.6.Telemetric capacities.7.SAYAKA-Battery free Endoscopic Capsule.

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Pill camera is a pioneering concept for Medical Technology of the 21st century.

The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be able to provide non-invasive imaging of the entire small intestine. It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging to a great extent and has proved to be of great help to physicians all over the world.

Nanotechnology has the power to revolutionize the world of production.

cONCLUSION

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EFERENCESR

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1) Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2009. BioCAS 2009. IEEE2) Intelligent Systems2006 3rd International IEEE Conference on capsule endoscopy3) Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE (Volume: 24, Issue: 4 ) Date of Publication: July-Aug. 2005 4) Sidhu, Reena, at al.Gastrointestinal capsule endoscopy: from tertiary centres to primary "care". BMJ, March 4 2006. 332:528-531. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7540.528.5) D.R. Cave, "Reading wireless video capsule endoscopy", Gastrointest .Endosc. Clin. N. Amer., vol. 14, no. 1, pp.17 -24 2004

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QUESTIONS