Pile Testing
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Transcript of Pile Testing
Pile Testing
1
Pile Load Test
What is it? Why?
How is it done?
How many piles? Which piles?
When to conduct the test?
What is the maximum test load?
How to interpret test results?
2
Which test method should we adopt?
Pile Testing
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Static Load Test - Test Setup
Bracket Attached to Pile
Reaction Beam Stiffeners
PlateLoad Cell Spherical Bearing
Ram
Hydraulic Jack Bourdon Gage
Dial GageLVDT
Mirror
ScaleTest Pile
GradeWire
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Kentledge Reaction System
Pile Testing
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Anchored Piles Reaction System
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Methods of Static Load Test
Pile Testing
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8
Pile Testing
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Results of a Maintained Load Test
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Osterberg Load Test Concept
Q
Qo
Qs
QtQo
Qt
Qs
Conventional Osterberg Cell
Expanding O-Cell
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The Osterberg Cell
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Bored Pile Dimaeter = 3 m Length =67m
Max. Load = 279,000 kN
27,900 t
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The Osterberg Cell
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Pile Testing
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The Osterberg Cell
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Pile Dynamic Analyzer (PDA Tests)
Pile Testing
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Pile Dynamic Analyzer (PDA Tests)
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Statnamic Load Test Setup
Pressure Chamber
Load Cell Base Plate Grouted to Foundation
Concrete or Steel Reaction Mass
Loose Granular Fill Propellant
Launching CylinderPiston BaseDisplacement Measuring Means
Pile or Drilled Shaft
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Comparison of Test Duration
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Comparisons between Static, Statnamic and Dynamic Pile Load Tests
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When should the pile load test be conducted?
Clay RockSand
Pile Type Driven Piles & Bored Piles
Method of Testing PDA, Statnamic, O-Cell, Static
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Field Data on Friction Pile Capacity in Clay(after Vesic, 1977)
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Number of piles to be tested?
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BCA/IES/ACES Advisory Note 1/03
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What is the maximum test load?
Working Load Test Qmax = 2 QALL
Preliminary or Ultimate Load Test Qmax = 2.5 or 3 QALL
QALL QULT2QALL 3QALLQ
∆
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Interpretation of Failure Load
30
Forms of Load-Settlement Curves(Tomlinson, 1987)
Friction pile in soft clay Friction pile in stiff clay Pile end bearing on weak porous rock
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Forms of Load-Settlement Curves(Tomlinson, 1987)
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Proper Scaling of Load-Displacement Diagram
What are the failure loads of these two tests?
Proper Scaling
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Determination of Qult
(after De Beer, 1967)
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Determination of Qult(after Mazurkiewics, 1974)
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Determination of Qult(after Van Der Veen, 1953)
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Brinch Hansen’s 90% Criterion
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Brinch Hansen’s 80% Criterion
∆u0.25 ∆u
Qu
0.8Qu
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Hirany & Kulhawy’s Method for Bored Piles(Hirany and Kulhawy, 1989)
Pile Testing
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Hirany & Kulhawy’s Method for Bored Piles(Hirany and Kulhawy, 1989)
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Tangent Intersect Method
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Tangent Intersect Method
(Fuller & Hay, 1970; Butter & Hay, 1977)
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Davisson’s Method (1973)
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10% Rule
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Chin’s Method(Chin, 1970)
Qu
m = 1/Qu
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Pile Load Test(after Chin, 1970)
Qs = 1 / a1
Qs + Qp = 1 / a2 = Qult
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Ultimate Skin Friction and End Bearing by Chin’s Method
Pile Testing
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Comparison of Interpretation Methods(Sharma et al, 1984)
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Chin’s Stability Plot (after Chin, 1985)
Pile Testing
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Chin’s Stability Plot (after Chin, 1985)
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Chin’s Stability Plot (after Chin, 1985)
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Chin’s Stability Plot (after Chin, 1985)
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Pile Instrumentation
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Static Load Test on Pile with Telltales
Load (Q)
Pile Head
Telltale “A”
Telltale “B”
Telltale “A” Movement
Telltale “B”
Q1+Q2+Q3
Q1+Q2
Q1
Q1+Q2+Q3, etc.
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Load Test of Bored Pile in Old Alluvium(Chin et al, 1985)
Pile Testing
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Load Test of Bored Pile in Old Alluvium(Chin et al, 1985)
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Load Test of Bored Pile in Jurong Formation(Chang & Goh, 1988)
Pile Testing
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Load Test of Bored Pile in Old Alluvium (Chin et al, 1985)
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Load Test of Bored Pile in Old Alluvium (Chin et al, 1985)
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Load Test of Bored Pile in Reclaimed Land(Wong et al, 1996)
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Load Test of Bored Pile in Reclaimed Land
(Wong et al, 1996)
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Residual Stresses in Driven Piles
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Correction for Residual Stress in Driven Piles(Altaee et al, 1992)
(-ve)
(+ve)
(+ve)
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Correction for Residual Stress in Driven Piles(Fellenius, 1989; Altaee et al, 1992)
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Correction for Residual Stress in Driven Piles(Fellenius, 1989; Altaee et al, 1992)
Before correction After correction