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GlossGloss

Specular Reflection(Mirror-like Reflection) Diffuse Reflection

Gloss

Gloss is determined by the difference between

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Effect of Particle Shape &Effect of Particle Shape &Alignment on GlossAlignment on Gloss

glossy flat

alignment of pigments during drying

glossy flat

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60 Degree Gloss

Talc / CaCO3

Mica / CaCO3BaSO4 / CaCO3

Epoxy / Cymel

Control - CaCO3

EG-44 / CaCO3

Kaogloss 90 / CaCO3

Vinyl Acrylic

Acrylic

Urethane Acrylic

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

Control - EVCL

Gloss Value

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85 Degree Gloss

Dolomite / CaCO3

Talc / CaCO3

Mica / CaCO3

BaSO4 / CaCO3

Epoxy / Cymel

Control - CaCO3

EG-44 / CaCO3

Kaogloss 90 / CaCO3

Vinyl Acrylic

Acrylic

Urethane Acrylic

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

Control - EVCL

c

Gloss Value

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What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnolo is the understandin and control of

matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications.- ,

engineering and technology; nanotechnology involves

imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulatingma er a s eng sca e.

(www.nano.gov)

ASTM Subcommittee E56.01, Standard Terminology Relatingto Nanotechnology, 2008,http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2456.htm

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Size and refractive index of particles are

importantNanoparticles are smaller than the wavelength of

visible light; reduces chance of light scattering

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Surface Area

Volume = 4/3**r3 Surface area = 4**r2

1 gram of TiO2 Volume = 0.25 cm3

ar c ediameter

(nm)

ar c esper gram

ur acearea per

gram (m2)

ur aceArea /

Volume

200 6 x 1013 7.5 1.8 x 1012

x . x

2 6 x 1019 750 1.8 x 1020

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u s ur ace roper esu s ur ace roper es

Bulk properties are not scalable to nanoscale

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Interfacial Material Content

Particle Diameter

nm

Interfacial 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.22

10 nm Interfacial Layer

Dispersed particle volume fraction is 0.3 in all cases

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Nanocomposite CharacteristicsExtensive interfacial area

103 to 104 m2/ml

Large number density of particles 106 to 108particles/m3

Low percollation threshold

~0.1 2 volume%Short distance between particles

~0.1 2 volume%

u mater a propert es not sca a e

Optical clarity

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Interfacial Material Pro erties

o ymer mo ecu es a n er ace ur actants at water a r nter ace

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Glass Transition in Nanocomposites Thermo-mechanical properties of LLDPE/SiO2 nanocomposites, E.

ontou an . iaounsi is, o ymer, , , - g ncreases

of 25 to 30oC observed with up to 10% nano silica

-Nanocomposites, B. J . Ash, R. W. Siegel, and L. S. Schadler, J .Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 42, 4371, 2004.Nano alumina /PMMA com osites. 25oC dro in T with less than 1% 38nm and0.5% 17 nm. Up to 10% further addition did not lead toadditional Tg reductions

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Cla /Pol mer NanoCla /Pol mer Nano--com ositescom osites

NanocompositesTo ota/Ube 1980s

70% higher tensile

modulus 125% higher flexural

modulus

temperature increased

from 65 oC to 152 oC Epoxy / Layered Silicate (Vaia Materials Today, 2004)

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Layered Structure of Vermiculite ClayLayered Structure of Vermiculite Clay

X-ray diffraction pattern

Pinnavaia, T.J., and Beall and G.W. (Ed.), Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites, Wiley (2000)

Gao F., Materials Today, November 2004

, . . , . ., ,

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NanoNano--Clays: BenefitsClays: Benefits

Barrier

as, a er, e c.

Anti-Corrosion

Fire Retardancy

Mechanical Pro erties

Microcomposite

Aspect Ratio

25:1

Aspect Ratio

250:1

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In-Situ Generation of Nanophases

TEOS Hydrolysis/condensation

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SolSol--Gel Hybrid NanoGel Hybrid Nano--CompositeComposite

Si

OCH3

-OCH2CH2CHCH2H3COOCH3

O

OC HO

+ +

Si

OC2H5C2H5OO

CO

C

O

GPTMOS

Inor anic / Or anic Nanocom osite

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Nano articecles: Current Availabilit

oat ng roperty anomater a

Anti-microbial CuO ; TiO2 ; ZnO

as arr er anoc ays

Corrosion Nanoclays, boehmite

Electrical Conductivity, Static Charge ITO, ATO, SnO2

Fire Retardant Nanoclays

IR-Absorption/Reflection ITO, ATO, TiO2, In2O3

Magnetic Fe2O3

Mechanical, Scratch Resistance Al2O3; SiO2; ZrO2

Photocatal sis, self-cleanin TiO ; ZnO

UV stability TiO2 ; ZnO; BaSO4; CeO2

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Low Solids PU

100

80

90

ntion(20o)

60

70

lossRete

Alumina C

Alumina D

40

50% Silica A

. . . .

Nanopart icle Content (Wt.%)

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Lotus EffectLotus Effect

Rainwater cleans lotus leaves because oftheir bumpy surface.

, .,

Barthlott et al., Annals of Botany (1997)

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Contact AngleContact Angle WettingWetting

- Contact Angle

Zero Contact Angle

& Spreading

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Nano-Structuring MethodsTransformation of a Simple Plastic into a SuperhydrophobicSurface

Erbil, Demirel, Avci, and Mert, Science, Vol 299, Issue 5611, 1377-1380 , 28 February 2003

-. angle of 104 2. The i-PP film was prepared by melting at 200C between two glass

slides and crystallizing at 100C. (B) The profile of a water drop on asuperhydrophobic i-PP coating on a glass slide that has a contact angle of 160. The i-

PP was dissolved in a 60% p-xylene/40% MEK mixture by volume at an initialconcentration of 20 mg/ml at 100C. The solvent mixture was evaporated at 70C in a

vacuum oven. The morphology of the i-PP coating is shown in Fig. 4.

. . an i-PP coatingobtained using the

nonsolvent MEK as

described in Fig. 1B

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Photocatalytic TiO2 Nanoparticle

pp ca on

-

Antibacterial Activity

Super hydrophilicity Anti-fogging activity

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Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Latex Polymers

BASF COL.9 Nano-binder (Example) Herbol German Fa ade coatin

Major US Paint Manufacturer

-

Composition: Nano-silica embedded in polymer

latex article durin s nthesis

Avoids dispersion by formulator

Minimum interference with polymer particle

coalescence

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