Pig Wastewaterwepa-db.net/3rd/en/meeting/20170221/PDF/04_S1_3_China... · 2017. 3. 31. · pig...

Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, MEP，China

WEPA Group Workshop

Pig Wastewater

Feb. 2017

Impact to Water Environment

Sun Feixiang

一、中国生猪养殖基本情况1. Basic information of Pig Breeding in China

Basic information of Pig Breeding & Pig Wastewater in China

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1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Year

Pig Farming Size (Million head)

Slaughter出栏 End stock年底头数

(Data from the Statistic Yearbook of Livestock and

Poultry of Ministry of Agriculture)

“十二五”期间，全国生猪出栏量总体

保持稳定，平均每年7亿头。

During the “12th Five-year” period, the

pig breeding developed steadily, with an

annual pig slaughter about 700 million.

2014年，生猪养殖约占畜牧业产值42%。

2014, the pig breeding accounted for

42% of the stock-breeding output values.

生猪养殖业稳步发展(Steady development of China’s pig breeding)

生猪产值比重较大

(Pig breeding accounts for a large proportion)

Livestock牧畜

27%

Pig breeding42%

Poultry家禽

26%other

5%

• Increase in consumption

• formalization breeding farm rationally increase

• Disease control level improved & Survival rate increased

• Agricultural encouragement policy getting better

The size of pig will grow steadily in the next ten years


畜禽养殖区域化差异显著

(Significant regional differences of livestock

and poultry breeding)

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50

60

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Top 10 Provinces in Size in 2015 (Million head)

生猪养殖从分散向集约化趋势明显

(Trend of Pig breeding: from scattered to

intensive)

In 2014 Formalization Breeding accounted for

41.8%。During 2010-2014，(slaughter 出栏量

≥ 500) increased 23.3% ， (50≤slaughter<500)

decreased 8.7% ， (slaughter<50) decreased

19.9%。

国家尺度上，重点养殖区与生态脆弱区多有重合

At the national scale, there are a large

amount of overlapping areas in the main

breeding areas and ecologically fragile areas

ExtremelySevereModeratelyLightSlight

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89

10

Ecological Frangibility Evaluation

生态脆弱性评价


四川、河南、湖南， accounted for 10.7%、9.3%、8.6%

High Non-point source pollution risk & High national attention

畜禽养殖污染物排放情况Contaminants Discharge of Livestock and Poultry Breeding

畜禽养殖是农业污染的主要来源。

livestock and poultry breeding is the

main source of agricultural pollution.

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10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

COD NH3-N

畜禽养殖业水产养殖业种植业

据《第一次全国污染源普查公告》（2010年）统计，畜禽养殖COD、总氮排放量分别为1268.3万吨、102.5万吨，分别约占农业源污染物排放量的96%和38%。

Livestock Aquaculture Crop

The first national pollution census bulletinCOD：1.268 Million tons /3.029 Million tonsTP：160.4 Thousand tons / 423.2 Thousand tonsTN：1.03 Million tons / 4.73 Million tons Livestock and poultry breeding COD, total

nitrogen emissions respectively, accounting for about 96% and 38% of agricultural pollutant emissions.

养猪废水特点Characteristics of Pig Breeding Wastewater

养殖废水主要包括尿液、冲洗水，特点是COD高、氨氮高。Pig breeding wastewater mainly includes urine, washing water and a small amount of domestic sewage, characterized by high COD and high ammonia nitrogen concentration.

摘自：规模畜禽养殖场污染防治最佳可行技术指南（试行）Excerpted from “Guideline on Best Available Technologies for Pollution

Prevention and Control of Livestock and Poultry Farm (on Trial)”

畜禽养殖主要水污染物产生量及其性质Main water pollutants produced in livestock and poultry breeding

SpeciesDung cleaning

Dung production

10 Kg/head

20 Kg/headPig

Dry

Wet

生猪不仅是我国肉类食品的主要来源，而且是我国农户收入的重要来源之一，占农村居民人均纯收入的8%-10%左右

Pig breeding income accounted for about 8%-10% in rural areas （per capita income），it’s one main income resource for farmers in some areas.

难点：环境与经济的权衡Difficulty: environmental and economic trade-offs

南方丘陵地区的农村气候温暖、地形复杂、农民居住分散，农户养猪废水随意排放，造成农村环境污染严重。

In the hilly areas of South China, the climate is warm, the terrain is complex, the farmers live in scattered, and the farmers' pig waste water is discharged at random.

Rain

Pig wastewater

Farmland Surface water Groundwater

微生物溶解氧Microorganism Dissolved oxygen

藻类有毒物质Algae Toxic Substances

钱易院士——已不是一个局部的环境污染问题，而是一个影响大流域的环境问题Academician Qian Yi：It is not a local environmental pollution problem, but an environmental problem that affects the large watershed

对环境的影响Environmental impact

Problem

Analysis

Policies and measures

Evaluation and revision

watershed

二、相关法律法规及政策2. Relevant laws, regulations and policies

相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies

中国政府高度重视包括养猪废水管理在内的畜禽养殖污染问题。近年来，相续出台

了十余项相关法律法规及政策，着力解决了以养猪废水处理在内的畜禽养殖污染防治问

题，有力提升了畜禽养殖污染防治技术及管理水平。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the pollution of livestock andpoultry breeding, including pig wastewater management. In recent years, more than10 related laws, regulations and policies have been promulgated, aiming at controllingand solving the problems of wastewater, and effectively enhance the technical andmanagement level of pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultrybreeding.


1 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》 Environmental Protection Law

2 《中华人民共和国畜牧法》（2015年修正）Stock-breeding Law of the People’s Republic

of China (2015 Amendment)

3 《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》（2008年修正）Water Pollution Prevention and Control

Law (2008 Amendment)

4 《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》（2013）Regulation on the Prevention and Control of

Pollution from Large-scale Breeding of

Livestock and Poultry (2013)

5 《水污染防治行动计划》（2015）Action Plan for Prevention and Control of

Water Pollution (2015)

6 《畜禽养殖业污染防治技术规范》（2001）Discharge Standard of Pollutants for

Livestock and Poultry Breeding (2001)

7 《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》（2009）Technical Specification for Pollution

Treatment Project of Livestock and Poultry

Breeding (2009)

8 《畜禽养殖业污染防治技术政策》（2010）

9 《规模畜禽养殖场污染防治最佳可行技术指南（试行）》（2010）

Guideline on Best Available Technologies for

Pollution Prevention and Control of

Livestock and Poultry Farm (on Trial）（2010）

总体原则General principle

养殖场、养殖小区、定点屠宰企业等的选址、

建设和管理应当符合有关法律法规规定。The selection, construction and management of farms,

breeding areas and designated slaughtering enterprises shallcomply with the relevant laws and regulations.

《环境保护法》（2014）Environmental Protection Law

《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》（2008年修正）

Water Pollution

Prevention and Control

Law (2008 Amendment)

《中华人民共和国畜牧法》（2015年修正）

Stock-breeding Law of the People’s Republic

of China (2015 Amendment)

采取措施Take measures•从事畜禽养殖和屠宰的单位和个人应当采取措施

•Companies and individuals engaged in livestock and poultry breeding and slaughtering

科学处置Scientific disposal

• 对畜禽粪便、尸体和污水等废弃物进行科学处置

• Livestock manure, carcasses and sewage

保证设施正常运转Ensure the normal operation of facilities

• 保证畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物综合利用或者无害化处理设施的正常运转

• comprehensive utilization of livestock manure, waste water and other solid wastes

保证污染物达标排放reach the standard of discharge

防止污染环境prevent environmental pol

lution

…

第四十六条畜禽养殖场、养殖小区应当保证畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物综合利用或者无害

化处理设施的正常运转，保证污染物达标排放，防止污染环境。

畜禽养殖场、养殖小区违法排放畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物，造成环境污染危害的，应当

排除危害，依法赔偿损失。

国家支持畜禽养殖场、养殖小区建设畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物的综合利用设施。

《中华人民共和国畜牧法》（2015年修正）Stock-breeding Law of the People’s Republic of China (2015

Amendment)


Article 46: A livestock or poultry farm or raising community shall ensure the normal running of the

comprehensive utilization or the other innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung,

wastewater and other solid wastes so as to make the dumped pollutants reach the relevant standards

and prevent them from polluting the environment.

Where a livestock or poultry farm or raising community illegally dumps any livestock or poultry dung,

wastewater and other solid wastes, if it causes any environmental pollution, it shall eliminate the pollution

and compensate the losses according to law.

The state supports the livestock or poultry farm or raising community to build comprehensive facilities

of utilization of the livestock or poultry dung, wastewater and other solid wastes.

第四十九条国家支持畜禽养殖场、养殖小区建设畜禽粪便、废水的综合利用或者无害化

处理设施。

畜禽养殖场、养殖小区应当保证其畜禽粪便、废水的综合利用或者无害化处理设施正常运

转，保证污水达标排放，防止污染水环境。

Article 49: The state supports the livestock or poultry farm or raising community to build

comprehensive utilization or innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung and

wastewater.

A livestock or poultry farm or raising community shall ensure the normal running of the

comprehensive utilization or the other innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung,

wastewater and other solid wastes so as to make the treated wastewater reach the relevant standards

and prevent them from polluting the environment.

《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》（2008年修正）Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law (2008

Amendment)



《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》（2013）Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from

Large-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)

污染防治基本思路——

预防为主、防治结合 prevention first, combine prevention with control

统筹规划、合理布局 Reasonable layout planning and co-ordination

综合利用、激励引导 Comprehensive utilization and incentive guidance

——第三条 Article 3




畜禽养殖污染监管措施 Supervision measures——

• 畜禽养殖业发展规划应当统筹考虑环境承载能力以及畜禽养殖污染防治要求（第九条）

Livestock development planning should consider the overall environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry farming pollution prevention requirements——Article 9

• 政府制定畜禽养殖污染防治规划，明确目标、任务、要求（第十条）

The prevention and control plan of livestock pollution should be made by government, objectives, tasks and requirements should be clearly write——Article 10

• 划分禁养区、限养区（第十一条） Divided into prohibited areas, restricted areas——Article 11

• 项目环评，要求配套贮存设施，有综合利用设施或委托处置措施（第十二条）

Environmental impact assessment of the project：storage facilities, comprehensive utilization of facilities or commissioned disposal measures must be set——Article 12

• 污染物产排量登记备案（第二十二条） Pollution discharge registration——Article 22

• 环保部门加强监测和监督检查（第二十三条） Environmental protection departments: to strengthen monitoring and supervision and inspection——Article 23




畜禽养殖污染排放综合利用和治理 Comprehensive utilization and management——

• 支持粪肥还田、沼气处理（第十五条） Support manure returning and biogas treatment——Article 15

• 鼓励种养结合、就近就地消纳利用（第十六条） Encourage the combination of planting and breeding, and local utilization——Article 16

• 处理处置过程污染防治（第十九条） Pollution prevention during the treatment process——Article 19

• 还田利用不过量、还田肥料无害化（第十八条） Avoid excessive and fertilizer harmless in returning—

—Article 18

• 不经有效处理，污水不得排放。达标排放要合乎国家和地方标准，并不超过总量控制指标（第二

十条） No sewage allowed to be discharged without effective treatment. Emissions should be met with

national and local standards, and does not exceed the total control targets——Article 20

• 政府制定方案，整治散养密集区域（第二十四条）Government should make regulating plan of dense

free-range areas——Article 24




养猪废水鼓励措施 Encouragement measures of pig wastewater——

• 改造和治理可申请中央和地方农村环保及其他资金支持（第二十六、二十八条）Reconstruction and controlling can apply for central and local and other financial support——Article26,28

• 废弃物综合利用产品生产销售使用，享税收优惠等扶持政策（第二十九条）Comprehensive utilization of waste can enjoy preferential policies such as tax incentives——Article 29

• 有机肥运输和购买，享受不低于化肥的同类政策（第三十条）Organic fertilizer transportation and purchase, could enjoy preferential policies no less than fertilizer policy——Article 30

• 相关综合利用设备购置，税收优惠，用电按农业用电价格（第三十条）To purchase relevant comprehensive utilization of equipment, could enjoy tax incentives, and agricultural electricity prices——Article 30

• 自愿提高减排标准和要求，给予奖励（第三十四条）

Voluntary improving emission standards and requirements, should be rewarded——Article 34

（三）推进农业农村污染防治。防治畜禽养殖污染。现有规模化畜禽养殖场（小区）要根据污染

防治需要，配套建设粪便污水贮存、处理、利用设施。散养密集区要实行畜禽粪便污水分户收集、

集中处理利用。自2016年起，新建、改建、扩建规模化畜禽养殖场（小区）要实施雨污分流、粪

便污水资源化利用。（农业部牵头，环境保护部参与）

Boosting prevention and control of agricultural and rural pollution. To prevent and control livestock and

poultry farming pollution. Existing large-scale livestock and poultry farms (areas) should be equipped

with fecal sewage storing, treating and utilizing facilities according to pollution prevention and control

needs. Dense free-range areas should adopt collection, by households, and centralized treatment and

utilization of livestock excrements and sewage. Since 2016, rainfall and sewage shunting and resourceful

utilization of fecal sewage should be implemented in newly built, rebuilt and expanded large-scale

livestock and poultry farms (areas). (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and participated by Ministry of

Environmental Protection)


《水污染防治行动计划》（2015）Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

(2015)


《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》（2001）Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry

Breeding (2001)

Controlling

item

BOD5

(mg/L)

COD

(mg/L)

SS

(mg/L)

Ammonium

(mg/L)

TP

(mg/L)

Faecal

coliforms

(/100mL)

Ascaris

eggs (/L)

Discharge

standard150 400 200 80 8.0 1000 2.0


《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》（2009）Technical Specification for Pollution Treatment Project of


规范对畜禽养殖废水从预处理、厌氧生物处理、好氧生物处理、自然处

理、消毒等工艺进行了规定。

The technical specification makes requirements of livestock and poultry

breeding wastewater, including pretreatment, anaerobic biological treatment,

aerobic biological treatment, natural treatment, disinfection and other

processes.


《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》（2009）Technical Specification for Pollution Treatment Project of


养猪废水的处理一般采用“预处理——厌氧生化处理——好氧生化处理——深度处理”Pig wastewater treatment is generally used:"Pretreatment——anaerobic biochemical treatment——aerobic biochemical

treatment——advanced treatment"

Waste water

Grille

Sink sand pool

anaerobic reactor

Biogas purification

Gas storage tank

Biogas use

Biogas residueCompost

Biogas slurry storage tank

Biogas slurry using system

Fertilization or other uses

Wastewater &biogas slurry Manure & biogas residue

模式1 Mode 1

Biogas

Storage shed

Wastewater

Grille

ManureCompost

Sink sand pool

Solid-liquid separation equipment

Manure residue

Wastewater &biogas slurry Manure & biogas residue

模式2 Mode 2

Biogas

Biogas residue

Hydrolytic acidification tank anaerobic reactor

Biogas slurry storage tank

Biogas slurry using system

Fertilization or other uses

Biogas purification

Gas storage tank

Biogas use

Wastewater &biogas slurry Manure & biogas residue Biogas

模式3 Mode 3

Storage shed

Wastewater

ManureCompost

Grille

Sink sand pool

Solid-liquid separation equipment

Hydrolytic acidification tank

Manure residue

anaerobic reactor

Biogas purification

Gas storage tank Biogas use

Biogas residueDistributionreservoir

Aerobic treatment system

Natural treatment system

Disinfection

Discharge or irrigation

三、典型案例3. Representative Cases

典型案例 (Representative Cases)

案例一：嘉兴市农村污水“三水合一”治理模式Case 1: “3 in 1” wastewater treatment mode of rural wastewater in Jiaxing City

2011年，嘉兴市平湖市曹桥街道选择生猪养殖相对集中的三个重点村的部

分自然村开展“三水合一”综合治理，将养殖户的厨房、生活以及畜禽污水通

过集中管网排到沼气池进行发酵处理。三个重点村207户生猪散养户共建造沼

气池2484立方米。通过“三水合一”整治，进一步拓展了畜禽养殖业污染治理

覆盖面，使原来相对分散的生猪散养户产生的养猪废水得到了有效处理，改善

了周边的水环境。

Kitchen, living and livestock wastewater

pipelines

Biogas digester

3 villages, 207 families 2484 Cubic metre

the surrounding water environment be improved

案例二：黑龙江丹青诺和牧业公司液体粪肥还田示范项目Case 2: Demonstration project of liquid manure application to field of

Danqing Nuohe Animal husbandry Ltd., Heilongjiang Provence.

公司引进丹麦技术，在庆源猪场建设中丹合作液体粪污还田项目。项目分两部分内

容：一是政府投资150万元建设环保密闭式存储池，存储容量6000立方米，每年可容纳

1.2万立方液体粪污；二是引进丹麦高效液体粪肥施肥机，在春季播种前及秋整地时节，

将存储的液态猪粪肥全量精准还田。从目前运行来看，每亩地运行成本200元左右，经济

半径10公里，10-50公里每吨加10元成本。

储粪池 (manure storage tank) 施肥车(liquid manure distributor)

典型案例 (Representative Cases)

• Danish Technology • Liquid manure returning • 1.5 million RMB

• Sealed storage pool

• 6000 m3, Annual capacity

of 12 thousand cubic

meters of liquid manure

• Operating costs 200 yuan

Sun Feixiang （孙飞翔）Add: No.1, Yuhuinanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R.ChinaE-mail: [email protected]: +86-10-84665303 Fax: +86-10-84630907Mob: 13220177058

谢谢！Thanks for your attention！

mailto:[email protected]

tel:+86

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