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![Page 1: Piercing, tattoo and infection. Do we live up to our knowledge? Alfred Halstensen Professor, Consultant Head, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649cb55503460f949798d4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Piercing, tattoo and infection. Do we live up to our knowledge?
Alfred Halstensen
Professor, ConsultantHead,
Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen&
Haukeland University Hospital
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Institutt for indremedisin
Campus Haukeland
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Institutt for indremedisin
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Institutt for indremedisin
Who is Alfred?
• An old man ?• ”conservativ”• Has seen a lot of people
– a lot of ill people– a lot of dead people
• Has a lot of education (9+3+6+6+4++ years)• Has a lot of experience• Focus on internal medicine & infectious diseases• Focus on science and education• Focus on people
• But which teenage will listen to this old man ???
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Institutt for indremedisin
Focus on people / teenagers
• Focus on people and health and quality of life• How to stimulate people to choose right ?• How to protect people from self destructive actions ?
• But will teenagers listen to wisdom ?• Do teenagers listen to an old man ?• Do teenagers listen to health care workers ?
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Institutt for indremedisin
Who has impact on you ?• Media – TV, magazines, internett, advertizers• Commercial industry• Friends - - -• Role models• School• .• .• .• .• Health care – but people do not like to hear about illness ....• .• .
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Institutt for indremedisin
Self destructive / risky activities ....
• Smoking tobacco• Trafic accidents• Alcohol• Drugs• Unhealty food (sugar, ...)• Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV, herpes, clamydia,
gonorrhea, hepatitis, ++)• Piercing and tatoo• .• .• .
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Institutt for indremedisin
Smoking tobacco
About 25% of all deaths in Europe is linked
to smoking tobacco
Specially:• Cancer• Heart and vascular diseases• Lung diseases
• In addition .....
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Institutt for indremedisin
”Piercing” and tattoo
• Penetrate the skin and moucus membrane• ”Piercing”• Tattoo• Needles• Knifes• Accidents
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Culture and rituals
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Institutt for indremedisinInstitutt for indremedisin
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Institutt for indremedisin
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Institutt for indremedisin
Why?
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Institutt for indremedisinInstitutt for indremedisin
Why?
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Institutt for indremedisin
Is piercing and tattoo a problem?
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What is the problem?
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Institutt for indremedisin
Piercing and tattoo – what is the problem?
+ Culture
Rituals
Estetic
Identity
Nice to look on?
Self-confidence?
Protest?
- Allergy
Infections
Ugly?
I regret …….. ”I love Monica”
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Institutt for indremedisin
Piercing and tattoo – what is the problem?
Is piercing and tattoo self destructive activities ?
Is benefits greater than losses?
Is this commercial business?
Who are the consumers?
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Piercing and tattoo and infections
• Infections with common skin bacteria– Stafylococci – most common– Streptococci – most dangerous
• Hepatitis C (2-3000 each year in Norway)• Hepatitis B• HIV
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Institutt for indremedisin
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Institutt for indremedisin
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Institutt for indremedisin
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Institutt for indremedisin
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Institutt for indremedisin
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Institutt for indremedisin
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Piercing and tattoo and infections
• Very strong hygienic rules and claims in Norway and Europe• Local and not dangerous bacterial infections is common during the
following 1-4 weeks• Stafylococci most common• Proper hygiene + antibiotic ointment/creme • Rare use of antibiotic tablets
• Transfer of hepatitis C probably still occur in Norway
• Outside Europe increased risk for transfer of HIV and hepatitis
• Do you want to have tattoo in Haiiti?
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Girl, 18 years old about her piercing
• High school• High sosioeconomical family• Dreames of piercing since 10 years of age• 11 years old: Piercing of her ears• 18 years old: piercing of her tongue• No protest• No pressure from friends• No infections• Do not regret ………… yet
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Girl, 18 years old about her piercing
• High school• Middel sosioeconomic family• ”Kult”• Tough• Looks good!!!• Pressure from friends• Pressure from TV, magazines and internett
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10 Norwegian teenagers about piercing and tattoo in school. Benefits and risks?
Nothing!!
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Is body decorated pupils different from others
Ålesund: 6., 8. og 10. class. 1 237 pupils
Body decorated teenagers compared to nondecorated:-activity id -quality of relations: id-quantity of relations: more
-identifying with valus of the school: less -support from and communications with parents: less-body decoration strongly linked to risk behaviour
Meland et al; 2004 http://www.tidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=1039975
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Ålesund – conclusions and advices
Accept teenagers need for identityNotice that risk behaviour may give identity
Improve selvmanagement and selfconfidenceImprove communication between the generations
. Meland et al; 2004
http://www.tidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=1039975
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10 Norwegian teenagers about sexually transmitted diseases in high school
2 hours education (film)
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Norwegian public health research about teenagers
• Playing, challenging, enjoying life• Want to look good!
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STD!! Sexual transmitted diseases
• Strong increase• Easy to avoid• Enough information
but• Enough knowledge ?• Enough education ?• Difficult to practice safe sex or no sex ?
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STD!! Sexually transmitted diseases in Norway
• Clamydia >25000 new cases each year• Genital herpes >30% infected – a chronic infection• Gonorrhea• Hepatitis• HIV• Others
Why ?
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What is going on? and why?
Is this good for
our health?
our quality of life?
Is there a greater benefit than loss?
Do some people threaten your health to make business?
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Dear friends,
Good luck with your good life !
Take good care of each other!
Sincerely yours
alfred