Pictures, Portraits, Statues, Music, Singing and Games Pictures, Portraits, Statues, Music, Singing...

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Pictures, Portraits, Statues, Music, Singing and Ga mes

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary: ........................................... ........................................................ 3 The Word Picture/Portrait in the Holy Quran: ....... .................................. 4 Ahl al-Bayt asws are the Door of Hitta: ............................ ........................... 6 Ahadith Forbidding Decorating Houses with Portraits and Statues:.... 6 Amir-ul-Momineen asws Disliked Pictures of Living beings in a House:. 9 Pictures of Nature on Furnishings:................. ......................................... 9 Offering Salat in a House which has Pictures: ...... ............................... 10 The ‘Al-Ghina’ (Music and Singing): ................ ...................................... 12 Dance, Beating Drums and Use the of the Flute is fo rbidden: ............ 13 Playing Useless Games are Forbidden ( :(�� و �� ................................. 18 Appendix I: ........................................ ....................................................... 21

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Pictures, Portraits, Statues, Music, Singing and Ga mes

Summary: Pictures and/or portraits of human beings and animals alike have found their way into most houses, even those of the followers of Twelve Imami Shias, many have accepted the modern trend due to ignorance; whereas others have been encouraged by the Fatawa of Mujtahids, for example, in the Tafseer of the Holy Quran (34:13), Aqa Mahdi Puya says1: ‘Some of the jurists refer to the word tamathil (st atues) in favour of the permissibility, of making images, and only restricting the prohibitory traditions to those images which are me ant for worship. For details refer to the books of fiqh’. In this short article, we will try to learn ‘the Divine Verdict’ on the display of pictures/portraits and statues in our society, as explained from the traditions of Masomeenasws: In brief, using pictures/portraits of animals within the house for decoration, is forbidden, if one finds these images within a house, then one cannot offer Salat there unless these images are covered or are underneath one’s feet. Pictures of nature; those without a head are however, acceptable within the premises of the house, i.e., on walls or on furnishings. Furthermore indulging in such activities and acts which diverts one’s attention away from Allahazwj is also forbidden and, is considered to be ‘Lahoo Lahab’ (satanic acts). This includes things such as: music; singing; dancing; playing cards; video games…ECT In addition, it is important to note when we go to earn lawful sustenance, we are actually worshiping; we present four Ahadith below in order to distinguish between the useless acts (Lahoo Lahab) and those acts which, may not be superficially recognised as worship, but in fact are essential aspects of worship:

(1) ‘Abu Jafarasws has said that the Messenger of Allahsaww has said: 'Worship has seventy parts. The most excellent part in it is working to make lawful living’.2

(2) ‘The Messenger of Allahsaww has said: ‘O Allahazwj: Grant us blessings with our

loaves of bread and do not take them away from us. Without bread we neither are able to perform Salat or fast, nor can we perform our obligations toward (Allahazwj) our Lord’.3

1 http://quran.al-islam.org/ 2 Al-Kafi, vol. 5, H. 8348, Ch. 5, h, 6 3 Al-Kafi, vol. 5, H. 8324, Ch. 3, h, 13

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(3) ‘Abu Abd Allahasws once said: ‘A wealth that keeps you away from injustice is better than poverty that leads you to commit sins’.4

(4) ‘About the words of Allahazwj: There are men who do not become distracted

from speaking of Allah because of trading and busin ess.' (24:37) . The Imamasws said: ‘They are the business people who do not become distracted from speaking of Allahazwj because of trade and business when it is time for Salat. They yield to the rights of Allahazwj in such times’.5

The Word Picture/Portrait in the Holy Quran: The word ‘Tamasil’ (picture) is found in several places within the Holy Book, as:

��ن ا� �� و�ه� �� ا�"! و�� و��# $� �%�� + * وروا)�� وأ&� �� $ *0ذن ر*�$ و�� .غا�,� �1 � أ�# 2�%� ��3� ا#��ا Cل داوود �@ ا و=>�ن آ��,اب و6�ور را&��تو�� 9ر�� ن �$ �� 8�ء{34:12} $651 �� #5اب ا�

+�� #�Eدي ا�38@رو6� {34:13} And (We made) the wind (subservient) to Sulaiman, w hich made a month's journey in the morning and a month's journey in the evening, and We made a fountain of molten copper to flow out for him, and of the jinn there were those who worked before him by the command of his Lord; a nd whoever turned aside from Our command from among them, We made him taste the punishment of burning (34:12). They made for him what he pleased of fortresses and images , and bowls (large) as watering-troughs and cooking-pots that will not move from their place; give thanks, O family of Dawood! And very few of My serv ants are grateful (34:13). The following Ahadith of Masomeen

asws explain the above Verses:

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$�E� و �P��Q+ ا�38,A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Dawud ibn al-Haseen from al-Fadl abu al-Abbas who has said the following:

‘I once asked Abu Jafarasws about the meaning of the words of Allahazwj: ‘They made for him whatever he wanted, such as Salat (prayer) niche, statues, basins like wells (34: 13) . The Imamasws said: ‘They were not statues of men and women but they were the figures of trees and similar objects’.6

4 Al-Kafi, vol. 5, H. 8322, Ch. 3, h, 11 5 Al-Kafi, vol. 5, H. 8664, Ch. 53, h, 21 6 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12300, CH. 28, h 3 ج FS�@477: ص 6: ا�

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Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad and 'Abd Allah sons of Muhammad ibn 'Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam who from Aban ibn 'Uthman who from abu al-Abbas who has said the following:

‘About the meaning of the words of Allahazwj: ‘... they made for him whatever he wanted like prayer niche, statues ... ' (34: 12). Abu Abd Allahasws has said: ‘They (statues) by Allahazwj, were not the statues of men and women, they, however, were of trees and things (of nature)’.7 For further references, see Appendix I.

�[\2 ر��ا واد]�ا ا�E�ب &,�3ا و6�ا �ا �%�� )�@S _� ا�" �@2 ]!��آ2 و&%.�� وإذ 6�%� اد]�ا هـ5<c31

��%� )2:58(ا9��And when We said: Go into this township and eat fre ely of that which is therein, and enter the gate prostrate, and say: "Repentance. " We will forgive you your sins and will increase (reward) for the right-doers (2:58).

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� " وذ�p 6�$ #.و=+ �� #�� ا��k_ ـ �1�S 1.��ه2 *�5ا ا�>�+ ز��دة در=�ت و�Y*�ت �%� ". و&%.�� ا��9

The Holy Imam Hassan Al-Askariasws said that 'Allahazwj Said: 'Call to mind O Children of Israel "And when We said" to your ancestors "Enter this city" and this was 'Areyha' from the cities of Shaam8 and that had just crossed over from the desert " then eat from " from the town " it a plenteous (food) wherever you wish " Plenty of it, without tiredness, which has been set up "and enter the gate " the gate of the town "making obeisance " Allahazwj had Placed on the door of the town the likenesses of Muhammadsaww and Aliasws and ordered them to perform the prostration of reverence to those likenesses, and renew on their selves the allegiances in remembrance of theirasws Mastership and remember the oath and the covenant that had been taken from them regarding these twoasws. "and say, forgiveness " Meaning – say: 'We prostrate to Allahazwj in reverence to the likenesses of Muhammadsaww and Aliasws and our belief in their Mastership, forgive us our sins and overlook our mistakes.' Allah the Almighty Says: "We will forgive you " Meaning – with this deed of prostration "your wrongs " and the sins of your past are removed.

7 Ibid, h 7 8 Syria

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"and give more to those who do good (to others) " And if from among you did not commit the sins which were committed by the adversaries of the Mastership and remained steadfast on the covenant that was Given to Allahazwj of the oath of the Mastership, Iazwj will Increase his levels and rewards and that is the meaning of the Words "and give more to those who do good (to others)" .9 Ahl al-Bayt asws are the Door of Hitta:

��%�xا�� S�kxء *% ا& ا�K1 +�n ��2 *�ب )!_ وأ1\2 �� 8 أ�_ ��K1 ��9 �@2 *�ب )!_ ): #��$ ا��lم (و�j6ل أ�� 9� H�j* +jأه)$�Cو $��# mا Z�M( *@2، و��.دادآ2 وذ1��![ p�5* ـ �@2 ـ <c�� ،2�\"� y ع ه�اه2 و�.وم�EQ�* 2Q ، وأ�

�� +JS%@2، و*�ب )!\@2 أ�ن %�j9ن ا��JQ *�ب )!\�k ،2ن ذ�p ـ آ�ن ـ *�ب ]�8، و91� ا�%�y"ن ا��Kد6ن ا�� mل ان، آ�� 6ل ر&�u�<دون ا��j�ا�) $�Cو $��# mا Z�M " :( ن��أ F\�* +ق، وان أه cا� �ان ا�%,م FS ا��ء أ��ن �

�@ن �� k ،2�1أد�� FS _�lJا� �� F\�k)2��S دام�� S (%&ن ه��$ و�E\� �� $\ ." And the Commander of the Faithfulasws said: 'For the Children of Israel, the Door of Hitta was set up, but for you, O community of Muhammadsaww! the Door of Hitta that has been set up for you; is the Householdasws of Muhammadsaww, and you have been Ordered to follow theirasws guidance and necessitate upon yourselves upon theirasws ways, so that your mistakes and your sins can be forgiven, and so that your good deeds can be Increased, and your Door of Hitta is better than their Door of Hitta. This is because theirs is only a wooden door, whereas weasws are the speaking ones, the truthful ones, the Chosen ones, the Guides and the Virtuous ones. This is as the Messenger of Allahsaww said: 'The stars in the sky are a source of safety from drowning, and the Peopleasws of mysaww Household are a source of safety for mysaww nation from straying in their religion, so long as they remain in theirasws obedience, theirasws guidance and theirasws way (Sunnah)'.10 Ahadith Forbidding Decorating Houses with Portraits and Statues:

<�= F*أ �# ،v� y �* ��& � ��م �#"!�ن ا�� رون ه� 11إن ا�� ذون ا� ور�� :�6ل) #��$ ا��lم (#

.ا�-وح +�*� �(!)�ا أن ا�&��%�

Saad bin Tareef heard from Imam Abu Jafarasws

that Imamasws

told him regarding the

Verse: Those who hurt Allah and the Messenger (33:57). (Allahazwj

Rebukes) those photographers (painters) and will Ask them on the Doomsday to blow life into their art’.12

9 Tafseer Imam Hassan Askari (asws), h. 127 10 Tafseer Imam Hassan Askari (asws), h. 326 11 ة وأ#�3 ��2 #5ا*� ��%� [z�ا��1�� وا FS $3�(إن3 ا��53� x�ذون ا��3$ ور&�$ ��%�2 ا� (33: 57) Al-Ahzaab Ayath Surely (as for) those who speak evil things of Allah and His Messenger, Allah has cursed them in this world and the here after, and He has prepared for them a chastisement bringing disgrace. 12 Al-Mohasin Vol-2,Page-616

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� ا�"�&2 # ،��& �* �� ]��، وا�9* ��9� �# ،Z��# �* ��9� �� أ)�� *# ،Z�9� �* ��9� �� "ب، #* ��9�� أ * F�# �� 9 ا�,ه ي، #* mا �E# F*أ �# ، �K* F*أ ��Z اm (�6ل ر&ل اm : �6ل) #��$ ا��lم�( F*).ة #M

$�Cو $�� n+ �6ل ): #E= F1�Qأ : �# Z�%م و�l� pn ا�"� p*��9 إن ر�ت، �6ل �/و�.�� Eا� : �K* *: أ ��و ،H�"S .�KQو� ا�\��Q :+�P.و�| ا��Eت ؟ S"�ل

Mohammed bin Yaqoob narrates through a chain of narrators that Imam Abu Abdullahasws

told us that

the messenger of Allahsaww

has said:

Gabrielas came to Mesaww

and said: O Mohammedsaww! The Lordazwj

Sends yousaww greetings and forbids the ‘Tazweek’ decoration of houses, Abu baseer asked : what

Allahazwj

Means by the decoration of the houses? Imamasws

replied: The pictures and statues.13

mا �E# F*أ �� ر=+، ## ، ��# F*أ �� إ* اه�2، #� أ*�$، #� ا** F�# �� k�Y�Q +Y آ�v : �6ل) #��$ ا��lم (و#�

.�م ا�"��_ أن �%>~ �S$ ا� وحAli bin Ibrahim narrates from Imam Abu Abd Allah

asws: Whoever creates an Image/picture of

living being on Doomsday Allahazwj will ask him to blow life into it.14

�� ا�"�&2 *� �3�9� ا�,ه ي� ## ��& �* �� ]�� و ا9�* �3�9� �# Z��# �* �3�9� �� أ)�� *# Z�9� �* �3�9�

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Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Isa from Muhammad ibn Khalid and al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from al-Qasirn ibn Muhammad al-Jawhariy from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said that the Messenger of Allahsaww has said: ‘Once Jibrilas came to mesaww and said: ‘O Muhammad, your Lordazwj Sends you greeting of peace and prohibits you to decorate the houses.’ Abu Basir has said: ‘I asked what is decorating the house?' Heasws said: ‘It is pictures and statues.’15

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A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Ashariy from ibn al-Qaddah who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said that Amir-ul-Momineenasws has said that the Messenger of Allahsaww sent me to destroy the graves16 and pictures (forms)’.17

13 Al-Kafi Vol-6,Page-526 14 Al-Kafi Vol-6,Page-527 15 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12591, CH. 65, h 1 16 Graves should be about four inches from the ground, see http://hubeali.com/images/newimg/Moat_Kafan_Janaza.pdf 17 Ibid, h 11

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K\�� ا9��Abu Ali al-Ash'ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn Salim from Ahmad ibn al -Nadr from 'AmI' ibn Shamir from Jabir from 'Abd Allah ibn Yahya al-Kindiy from his father who provided water for 'Amir-ul-Momineenasws for his wudu who has said the following:

‘Amir-ul-Momineenasws has said that the Messenger of Allahsaww has said that Jibrilas has said: ‘We do not enter a house in which a picture on which feet are not displayed exists (Hadith in brief)’."18

Z�3$ ص إ�� ع *F%Y� ر&ل ا��%�x��ا � أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل �6ل أ��# �F1@3�� ا�# �F�S3%ا� �� إ* اه�2 #� أ*�$ #* �F�# ا إ�3E6 �� و ��Q9� �3رة إ�M �عQ �� ل�"S _%��ا $\� � &3�\$ و �� آ�E� إ�6 �3\

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has stated this Hadith. ‘Amir-ul-Momineenasws has said; ‘Once the Messenger of Allahsaww sent me to al-Madinah saying, ‘Do not leave any picture without deleting it; and any grave without levelling it and any dog without killing it’.19

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Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Samaah from more than one person from Aban ibn 'Uthman from 'Amr ibn Khalid who has said the following:

‘Abu Jafarasws has said that Jibrilas once said: ‘O Messenger of Allahsaww, we do not enter a house in which picture of human beings exists or a house in which people urinate or a house in which a dog exists’.20

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Abu Ali al-Ash'ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Marwan who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has stated this Hadith: ‘The Messenger of Allahsaww has said: ‘Once Jibril came to me and said: ‘We the community of angels do not enter a house in which there is dog, statues or a pot in which people urinate’.21

� �� أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �3�9� *# �K* F*أ �� ا9�@2 #� أ*�ن *� #Y��ن #* �F�# �# Z��# �* �3�9� �* $3�� #E� ا�# Z�9M F%�� n+ ع �6ل إM $�S �\�* +[�1 �� 31رة و �� آE= 3�6ل إن +�P��Q $�S �\�* �� ن و�� رة ا10�

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban 'Uthman from abu Basir who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said that Jibrilas

has said: ‘We do not enter a house in which there are pictures, or a dog, that is, pictures of human beings or a house in which statues exist’.22

18 Ibid, h 13 19 Ibid, h 14 20 Ibid, h 12 21 Ibid, h 2 ج FS�@ص 6: ا� : 527

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Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Umayr from a man who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said: ‘If one forms a statue, he on the Day of Judgment, will be asked to blow the spirit in it’.23

�F�Y��ا �� أ)�� *� ا9�# ��= _#��& �* �3�9� �* �� ي� #� أ)�� *� �3�9� و )�� *� ز��د #� ا9��G�ا �F�أ* # ��v3 أن #� أ*�ن *� #Y��ن #@� ��P_ �35�*ن �م ا�"��_ ر=+ آ5ب FS رؤ��P 3$ ع�� ا��%5ر �6ل �6ل أ* #E� ا�* �� ا9�

�v3 أن@� +�P��Q 3رM +=�� و ر�و �� *6�� *�% ��Q �� * �"�� ~S�%* �� و ��S ~<%� Abu Ali al-Ash'ariy has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from aI-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama'ah all from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan al-Mithamiy, from Aban ibn 'Uthman from al-Husayn ibn al-Mundhir who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has stated this Hadith: ‘Three kinds of people will be in suffering on the Day of Judgment. Of such people, one is a man who lies about his dream. He will be held responsible to form a knot between two pieces of barley grains and he will never be able to do so. One is a man who builds statues. He will be held responsible to blow the spirit in it and he will never be able to do so.’ (The third according to al-Saduq is one who listens to a people who do not like him. Lead will be poured in his ears.)’.24 Amir-ul-Momineen asws Disliked Pictures of Living beings in a House:

� أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل إن3 #�� ع # Z3%Y��ا �# ��# F*أ �� إ* اه�2 #� أ*�$ #� ا** �F� ا��Kرة FS اE��ت # آAli ibn Ibrabim has narrated from his father from ibn abu 'Umayr from al-Muthanna' who has said the following: ‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said that Aliasws disliked the existence of pictures in houses’.25 Pictures of Nature on Furnishings:

� ع �� ا9�* �F�� H13$ ع �6ل آ�� أ*E# F� ا�# � ذآ3�# �8* �* <�= �� ا��%�ي� #* ��M �� إ* اه�2 #* �F�# ��# ��,� +�P��Q ��S و أ1��ط �n�&و

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Salih al-Sindiy from Jafar ibn Bashir from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said that Ali ibn al-Husaynasws in his house had pillows, floor furnishings which had pictures (of sceneries) on which the Imamasws sat’."26

22 Ibid, h 3 23 Ibid, h 4 24 Ibid, h 10 ج FS�@528: ص 6: ا� 25 Ibid, h 5 26 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12301, CH. 28, h 4

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Offering Salat in a House which has Pictures:

� أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل # �K* F*أ �# _#��& �# Z��# �� #Y��ن *# ��[ �* �3�9� �� أ)�� *# �%*�9Mأ �#�3ة ��ط �@ن �S$ ا�\S +�P��3"�ل �� *Gس *$E�&�دة و اا� �# $\�G&F� �+ل آ�"S +�P��3\ا� H�6 H�E�ا FS نس *$ �@G* ��S Gy� ء

A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from 'Uthman ibn 'Isa from Samaah from abu Basir who has said the following:

‘I once asked Abu Abd Allahasws about the pillow or furnishings which have pictures on them. Heasws said: ‘It is not unlawful (to offer Salat) if it is in the house.’ The Imamasws then said: ‘Anything with pictures which is used under the feet is not harmful (in offering Salat)’.27

ع �6ل �� *Gس *Gن <�= F*أ �# �� در3اج #� زرارة *� أ#�* +��= �# ��# F*أ �� إ* اه�2 #� أ*�$ #� ا** �F�# ك �� &Q و ��%� ��ت رءو& ى ذp� �@ن ا�\FS +�P��3 اE��ت إذا ��

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu 'Umair from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah ibn A 'yan who has said the following:

‘Abu Jafarasws has said: ‘The existence of al-Tamathil (pictures or statues) in a house is not harmful if their heads are changed (removed) and the rest is left’.28

� ا��3ار و ا9�, ة �S�� ا�\�P��3+ أ # $\�G& ع �6ل �� أ*F ا9�# <�= �* �F�# �# �F�# �* �Fآ � ا��# Z�9� �* �3�9�"S ��S Z3�K�F� ��S و ��S �+KQ �� ل� ��S �+KQ ��S �3و إ� ��رءو& �!"\S �ا* �,Q �� إ��3 أن p�E"\� ء �

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from al-'Amrakiy ibn Ali from Ali ibn Jafar who has said the following:

‘I asked Abu al-Hassanasws about the house or a room in which there are pictures: if Salat can be performed there. The Imamasws said: ‘Do not perform Salat where you are standing facing a picture unless you have no choice then you must cut their heads. Otherwise, do not perform Salat there’.29

��ط ه�S F$ و �,ز أن Q@ن ا�Kرة H9Q �6��$ أو �! ح #�� ار��* Z�# k رة وM Z�# += �,� ا�� k (Amir-ul-Momineenasws says): It is unacceptable for men to prostrate themselves on pictures or pictured rug. It is, however, allowed when the picture is under one’s feet and/or covered up by something.30 �F و �,ز أن �@ن ا��رهFS 2 ه��ن أو P FSب إن آ�ن K� و ه $*P FS رةKا� $�S ا��ره2 ا�5ي += و k ��"� ا�

��ه ا(Amir-ul-Momineenasws says): It is not permitted for men to put pictured ‘Dirhams’ (coins) in their pocket while offering Salat. It is, however, allowed to put the dirham in a bag or a thick cloth, i.e., money belt.31

27 Ibid, h 6 28 Ibid, h 8 29 Ibid, h 9 30 http://hubeali.com/images/newimg/Mola-Ali-asws-400-Ahadith.pdf ل ج�K611: ص 2 : ا�� 31 Ibid

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�� #E� ا��3$ ا��ي� #� ا9�* 2�s��ا �E# �� =��ر #* +�& ��F ا��ي� ## �* �� و ا9��# �# �F1 � ا�� ا9�* �آ2 ذp� ا��م ) #��$ ا��lم ( *� =�� 6ل &H�G أ*� =�>J� �� ذp� و �@ ��ة FS ا��=� اK��3رة S"�ل أآ3Kا� �#

.2 آFS �%K� v� ذp� و � 6� �6م ا��ل رأ�\AI-Hussain ibn Ali al-'Alaviy has narrated from aI-Hassan ibn al-Hussain al'Umniy from 'Amr ibn Jumay' who has said the following: ‘I once asked Abu Jafarasws if it is permissible to perform Salat in a Masjid with pictures. The Imamasws said: ‘I dislike it, however, today it is not harmful to you (observe Taqeeya). Had justice been established (with our Hujjaajfj) you would see how it is dealt with’.32

�# ��& �* �� ا9�# �3�9� ��2 �6ل &H�G أ)�ه�� =��#_ #� أ)�� *�� * �3�9� �� ا��ء ## Z�9� � M>ان *�>p أو H9Q ر=�p� و إ ) #�� ا��lم ([ �� %p و #� p�� و ## H1س إذا آ�G* �� ل�"S H�E�ا FS +�P��3\ا� �ن #

�*P ��# |�GS _�E"�ا FS H1آ�. A group has narrated from Ahmad ibn Mohammed from al-Hussain ibn Sa'id from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-'Ala', who from Mohammed ibn Muslim who has said the following:

‘I once asked one of the two Imamsasws about (offering Salat) in a house which has pictures. The Imamasws said: ‘There is no offence in it if it (a picture) is on your right, left, behind you or under your feet. If it is in the direction of al-Qiblah, then cover it with a piece of cloth’.33

p\9Q ��\��Z آ+� ا�\�P��3+ إذا =�# F��KQ نG* سG* �� ع أ31$ �6ل <�= F*أ �# 2�� و روى �3�9� *Mohammed ibn Muslim narrates the following from Imam Mohammed Baqirasws:

When pictures are under your feet then there is no harm in offering Salat.34

� أو #� ��ل S"�ل �� *Gس *$ �� 2� �� # +�P��3\ا� ��S H�E�ا FS ن@Q �n�&�ا � ا�� ادي� أ*� #E� ا��3$ ع # و &Gل ��_ و إE"�ا �,Q �@QF� ن آ�ن �+M و $�!cS _�E"�ا F�� 3�� p�� ء �%�� *�

Imam Aba Abd Allahasws was asked about offering Salat in a house, which has pillow with picture all around? Imamasws replied: ‘There is no harm if it is not in the direction of al-Kaabah but if it is, then one must cover it up with a cloth and only then offer Salat.35

�� *Gس و إن آ�ن S وا)�ة ��S F"�ل إن آ�ن �� #�KQ H1#�%�ن و أ ��ط ��E�ا FS ن@Q +�P��3\ا� �� #�%�ن و و &[+ # ��S F��KQ H1أ

Imamasws was asked about offering Salat on the floor, which has pictures, that even has two eyes? Imamasws replied: ‘There is no harm if picture has one eye but if it has two eyes then one cannot offer Salat, even if one wants to.36

32 Al-Kafi, vol 3, H 5342, Ch. 61, h 20 33 Al-Kafi, vol 3, H 5299, Ch. 59, h 20 FS�@ا391 3ا� FS و ��6S و _E�@ا� FS ةlKب ا��* 34 Manla Yazar ul Faqih, H. 739, �� ` J9�k $�"<245 1ا� F\ا� �uاو *�ب ا�� S ةlKز ا�,Q 35 Manla Yazar ul Faqih, H. 740, �� ` J9�k $�"<و245 1ا� ��S ةlKز ا�,Q F\ا� �uاب ا��* 36 Manla Yazar ul Faqih, H. 741, �� ` J9�k $�"<و245 1ا� ��S ةlKز ا�,Q F\ا� �uاب ا��*

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_y* � *y_ أو �� F��K� 3=+ و ه � ا�3,9�ج أ*� #E� ا��3$ ع #� ا��3راه2 ا��د Q@ن �� ا�* ��(3 و &Gل #E� ا� ا��3راه ��F و ��$ ه5K� أن F�\�أ ��ل �"S Fو ه Z3�M 0نS 2��n�J* �<( �2 ا��S F\3�� ا�\32P +�P��3 �6ل ع �� %�3س *��

_�E"�ا ��>$ و �� ,�+ ��[� �%�� *�%$ و *�[ �� @\�S $�� Once Abd ur Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj asked from Abu Abd Allahasws regarding a person who has Sudanese Dirham and is offering Salat with or without having them attached to himself? Imamasws replied: I do not like a person who is offering Salat while having those coins on him, which have pictures. However, people need to protect their money, so in that case he may put them behind or in a way that these do not come between him and the Kabah.37 The ‘Al-Ghina’ (Music and Singing):

�6ل �K* F*أ � ان #�� * _#��& �# _�E= �* $3�� ا�E��رك #� #E� ا�* Z�9� �� ز��د #* +�& �# �%*�9Mأ �#�3ة �� اG�و�Pن و ا=\%Eا 6ل ا�.�ور �6ل اc�%�ء &H�G أ*� #E� ا��3$ ع #� 6ل ا��3$ #.3 و =+E%\=�S 3ا ا�� =

A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Yahya ibn al-Mubarak from 'Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Samaah ibn Mehran from abu Basir who has said the following:

‘I once asked Abu Abd Allahasws about the meaning of the words of Allahazwj: ‘You must stay away from filth of idols and stay awa y from false words.' (22:30) The Imamasws said: ‘It is music and singing’.38

_��= F*أ �# �F�# �* �3�9� �� أ*F أ&��_ #� أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل اc�%�ء #�� ا�%�>�ق #%$ ##

It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Muhammad ibn Ali from abu Jamilah from abu 'Usamah who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said: ‘al-Ghina’39 is the nest of hypocrisy’.40

� ا�"�&2 #� &��#_ �6ل �6ل أ* #E� ا��3$ ع �3�� ت Cدم ع و H�� *$ إ*�� و * $3�� #E� ا�# _#��& ��ن *& �# $%# �,S رضG�ا FS ��\=�S +�*�6 ب 3Jه5ا ا� �+ إ*�� و �6*�+ ا��زف و ا��هz* _Q�� Fدم ع S@+� �� آ�ن FS اG�رض �

ا�53ي �\�35ذ *$ ا�%�3س 310S�� ه �� ذاك It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Sulayman ibn Sarna'ah from 'Abd Allah ibn al-Qasirn from Sarna'ah who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said that when Adamas died, lblisla and Qabilla expressed joy and came together in the land. Thereafter Iblisla and Qabilla set up musical instruments and means of amusement to rejoice at the death of Adamas. Thus whatever is there on earth of this sort, in which people take pleasure, is because of that’.41

37 Manla Yazar ul Faqih, H. 783, �� ` J9�k $�"<256 1ا�� $�S Z�K� k �� و $�S Z�K� �� ب�* 38 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12048, Ch. 25, h, 1 FS�@431 : ص 6 : ج ا� 39 '‘al-Ghina’ 40 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12049, Ch. 25, h, 2 41 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12050, Ch. 25, h, 3

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ع �6ل <�= F*أ �# 2�� * �3�9� ��@�ن #� �� إ&��#�+ #� ا** �F�# �# ��# F*أ �� إ* اه�2 #� أ*�$ #� ا** �F�#� &�E+ &��\$ �"ل اc�%�ء ��3 و#� ا��3$ #.3 و =+3 #��$ ا��3% # 3+J�� ي �� ا9��\8� � اz��_ و �� ا�%�3س � �� ه5Q ر و��2 و �\5�3ه� ه.وا أو�[p ��2 #5اب ��# �c* $3� ا�

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu 'Umayr from Ali ibn ‘lsma'il from ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following:

‘I once heard Abu Jafarasws saying, ‘al-Ghina’ is of such things for which Allahazwj has Warned with punishment in the fire’. The Imamasws then read this verse: ‘Among people there are those who buy ‘ ��’ useless things in the form of words to mislead people from the path of Allah. They do so b ecause of ignorance and take it mockingly. They will suffer a humiliating s uffering’ (31:6). 42

3E,�ا �E# �* �3�9� � ي� #��G�ا �F�� أ*F ا��3E3Kح #� أ* ## 2�� * �3�9� ��ر #� M>ان #� أ*F أ��ب ا��.3از #

أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل FS 6�$ #.3 و =+3 و ا��53� k 8��ون ا�.�ور �6ل اc�%�ء Abu Ali al-Ashariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu al- Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following:

‘About the meaning of the words of Allahazwj ‘ ... those who do not attend al-Zur, ' (25:72) Abu Abd Allahasws has said: ‘It (al-Zur'ah) is ‘al-Ghina’.43 Dance, Beating Drums and Use the of the Flute is fo rbidden:

� و ا��.��ر S3.ا� �� أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل �6ل ر&ل ا��3$ ص أ1��آ2 ## �F1@3�� ا�# �F�S3%ا� �� إ* اه�2 #� أ*�$ #* �F�# ات E@�*�ت و اا�@ � و #

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said that the Messenger of Allahsaww has said: ‘I forbid dancing, use of flute, small and big drums’.44

� ز��د #� ا� * +�& �# �%*�9Mأ �� ا� ��u ع �"ل &[+ أ* #E� ا��3$ ع #� اc�%�ء S"�ل #�3ة ��3ء �6ل &H�� أ*� ا9�

$3�� &�E+ ا�# 3+J�� ي �� ا9��\8� � ه 6ل ا��3$ #.3 و =+3 و �� ا�%�3س �A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Washsha ' who has said the following:

‘I once heard Abu Al-Hassan, al-Rezaasws saying that once Abu Abd Allahasws was asked about ‘al-Ghina’. The Imamasws said: ‘It is in the words of Allahazwj ‘among people there are those who buy �� useless things in the form of words to mislead others from the path of Allah’ .45

42 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12051, Ch. 25, h, 4 43 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12053, Ch. 25, h, 6 44 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12054, Ch. 25, h, 7 45 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12055, Ch. 25, h, 8

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� =%�ح #� )��3د #� أ*F أ��ب ا��.3از �6ل 1.�%� ا��%_ QGS�%� أ*� #E� ا��3$ ع S"�ل * ��& �� ز��د #* +�& 1.�\2 � �%� أ��%� إ�31 "S $��1�� إS $��ا #3J<Q لأراد *$ و �%%�3 أ31$ �" �� %��# �� $3��ن �M)� ا�"��ن S"�ل آ1ا آ ا�� S ا�S Z�# �%�"S

�وا آ ا�� 1�ري �� أردت *"�� c3� p آ1ا آ ا�� S"�ل أ �� &��\2 6ل ا��3$ #.3 و =+FS 3 آ\�*$ و إذا � �وا *��Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Sa'id ibn Junah from Hammad from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz who has said the following:

‘Once we arrived in al-Madinah and visited Abu Abd Allahasws who asked us. ‘Where have you lodged’? We said: ‘It is with so and so, the owner of singing slave-girls’. The Imamasws said: ‘You must remain honourable’. By Allahazwj we did not understand what the Imamasws meant and we thought perhaps heasws wants us to be kind to him (owner of the lodging). We returned to himasws and asked: ‘We did not understand your words, ‘Be honourable’. Heasws said: ‘Have you not heard the words of Allahazwj, ‘When they pass by useless things they pass honoura bly.’ (25:72) .46

F%31إ F��و أ H1أ F*G* +=ل �$ ر�"S 3$ ع��ة *� ز��د �6ل آ%H #%� أ*E# F� ا�� # 2�� إ* اه�2 #� ه�رون ** �F�#

�S 3"�ل �� S +�<Q"�ل أد]+ آ%�>� F� و �� F�%� �#��\&س ا��H ا�,y3�� أ* S د��* �* J� و ��3%c\� اران #%�ه2 = �= F��3 إ31�� ه &��ع أ&��$ *GذS F1"�ل ��3$ أ1 ��QC �� $3� و ا� 3=+ و ا�KE�3�� و ا�H أ �� &H�� ا��3$ #.3 و =+3 �"ل إن3 ا�

�� F* � أ#,�F� و �� #� $3�� آ\�ب ا�� _�z�ا م أF%31 ا�>xاد آ+� أو�[p آ�ن #%$ ��S ��x"�ل *�Z و ا��F�1G@� $3 2� أ&�� *�5=�Z أ� #2�s �� آ�ن أ&أ # ��"� H%آ p310S p� *�ا ��و &+ +�\��S 26 $� ل�"S $3� ا�<c\&أ F�13$ و أ�� أ#د إن ��ء ا�

�Z ذp� ا)�� ا��3$ و &�$ ا# 3H� � p��( �� إ��3 آ+�E6 3� و ا�"�E� د#$ G�ه�$ 0Sن3 �@+� أه @� �� $310S � آ+� �� @� _*3\� Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas'adah ibn Ziyad who has said the following:

‘Once, I was with Abu Abd Allahasws when a man said: ‘I pray to Allahazwj to keep my soul and the souls of my parents in service for your cause. My ‘WC’ is located in such a place that I can hear voices of my neighbours clearly. My neighbours have singing slave-girls who play musical instruments and perhaps I sit longer, listening to them’. The Imamasws said: ‘You must not do so’. The man said, 'By Allahazwj, I do not go to them: it is only my listening to them with my ears’. The Imamasws said: ‘For the sake of Allahazwj, have you not heard Allahazwj saying: ‘The ears, the eyes and hearts will all be questioned.’ (17:38) He replied: ‘Yes, by Allahazwj, as if I have not heard this verse of the book of Allahazwj from non-Arab or Arab people. However, I will not return to it if Allahazwj so wills and I ask forgiveness from Allahazwj. The Imamasws said: ‘You must go and take a shower, then ask what you want, because you were involved in an enormously wrong deed and how terrible your condition could have been, had you remained in such condition! Praise Allahazwj and ask Himazwj to forgive you because of what Heazwj dislikes and Heazwj dislikes only bad and indecent matters; and you must leave evil and indecent things to indecent people; everything has its associates’.47

46 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12056, Ch. 25, h, 9 47 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12057, Ch. 25, h, 10

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� $3�� أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل �� أ2�1 ا�# �F1ا ان ا�.#3>�# �# �3�9� �� ا��!�3ب #� إ* اه�2 ** _��& �# Z�9� �* �3�9�p ا�%��_Q �%# ء�,S _��%* $��p اS _9n�%* _E�K��"� آ> ه� *�.��ر S"� آ> ه #Q �%# ء�,S _E�K�* ��Mأ � � و �

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Salmah ibn al-Khattab from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from 'Imran al-Za'faraniy who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said: ‘If Allahazwj Grants a bounty to a person and that person comes to that bounty with a flute, he has not appreciated it; and if one is affected by a misfortune and he comes in such condition with mourning (one should be content) he has disregarded it also’.48

��Z �6ل &H�G أ*� #E� ا��3$ ع ##G�ا �E# �� "ب #* �1� �� ا*� �3JSل ## �3�9� �� أ)�� *# Z�9� �* �3�9�

=[%�آ2 =[%�آ��( 2��( �1S 2@��91 �1"�ل آ5*ا إن3 ا��3$ #.3 اc�%�ء و 6�H إ31�2 �.#�ن أن3 ر&ل ا��3$ ص ر]FS �3 أن �"�ل � � أرد�1 أن 1\5�3 �E#k ��%�* �� رض وG��3وات و ا�� 31�� إن آ%3 �*�او =+3 �"ل و �� ]�"%� ا�� 15�3Q�� #�S � . +*

J9� 2� +=ر vK� �3�� ن��1"5ف *�9�|� #�Z ا��S +y�E��0S $cذا ه زاه| و �@2 ا��+ ��KQ �3>ن 32P �6ل و�+ �> �� ا��,

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya'qub from 'Abd al-'Ala' who has said the following:

‘I once asked Abu Abd Allahasws about ‘al-Ghina’ (Music and signing). I said that they think the Messenger of Allahsaww has granted permission in saying: ‘We have come to you, we have come to you, so offer us greetings, offer us greetings, we will offer you greetings’. The Imamasws said: ‘They have spoken a lie. Allahazwj Says: ‘We have not created the skies, the earth and all in between for a playful purpose, had we wanted we could have done so and we were able to do so. We throw the truth over the falsehood to invalidate it and it is bound to vanish. Woe upon you because of your terrible expression.’ (21:16-18). The Imamasws then said: ‘Woe upon the one who ascribes something to one who is not present in the gathering’.49

�6ل &H�� أ*� #E� ا��3$ ع �"ل � = �� إ&�9ق *# Z��# �� #Y��ن *# ��[ �* �3�9� �� أ)�� *# �%*�9Mأ �#�3ة �

� ب FS �%.ل ر=+ أر*��u ا�38�!�ن آ+3 إن3 ��!�1� �"�ل �$ ا�">%�ر إذا p�ذ �uل و�=� *� و د]+ #��$ ا�E��* �� c�ر S ��ؤ1 ZQxQ Z3\( ر *��ه��c� ��S _�<1 $�S ~<1 32P H�E�ا �(�M �� $�Y� Z�# $%� J#

A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from 'Uthman ibn ‘lsa from Ishaq ibn Jarir who has said the following:

‘I once heard Abu Abd Allahasws saying: ‘There is Satan called al-Qafandar. If barbat (a musical instrument) is played in a house for forty days and men come to him then that Satan places every part of his (Satan's) body on every part of the body of the owner of the house, then blows a blow; and thereafter he will not mind (becomes shameless) even if people go in on to his women’.50

48 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12058, Ch. 25, h, 11 49 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12059, Ch. 25, h, 12 50 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12061, Ch. 25, h, 14

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��د #� ز�� ا��3938م �6ل �6ل أ* #E� ا��3$ ع E�ا F*أ �� إ* اه�2 *# ��& �* �� ا9�# �3�9� �� أ)�� *# Z�9� �* �3�9�

� �S$ ا�>,��_ و �� Q,�ب �S$ ا��3�xQ �� ء�%c�ا H�* p� #ة و �� ]�$ ا��Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from Ibrahim ibn abu al-Balad from Zayd al-Shahham who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws has said: ‘The house of ‘al-Ghina’ is not safe from tragedy, prayers are not accepted and angels do not enter within it’.51

� ه�رون �6ل &H�� أ*� #E� ا��3$ ع �"ل * �� ا9�# �3�9� � ان *�� # ��# F*أ �� إ* اه�2 #� أ*�$ #� ا** �F�#

ي \8� � ا��3$ إZ� أه�$ و ه ��3 �6ل ا��3$ #.3 و =+3 و �� ا�%�3س �s%� �� &�E+ ا��3$�*�اc�%�ء �,# 3+J�� ا9��Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu 'Umayr tram Mehran ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Harun who has said the following: ‘I once heard Abu Abd Allahasws saying: '(The gathering for) ‘al-Ghina’ is a gathering to the participant of which Allahazwj does not look. Allahazwj has Said: ‘Among people there are those who buy useless things in the form of words to mislead from the path of Allah. (31 :6). 52

$3��3� ا�& �� *� أر*��* $\�* FS ب u � ق� �6ل �\�� أ*F داود ا��# �Z أو ��# �* �3�9� �� ز��د #* +�&

$n�J#أ �� J# F"E�ا �S 1� �"�ل �$ ا�">%�ر�!�� $�� إ��3 6�� #��$ 0Sذا آ�ن آp�5 1.ع �%$ ا9��ء و �E� 2�ل �� 6ل و �� # $�S +�6 ��

Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Muhammad ibn 'Isa or others from abu Dawud al-Mustariq who has said the following:

The Imamasws has said: ‘If barbat53 is played in one’s house for forty days Allahazwj Gives its control to a Satan called al-Qafandar who sits on every part of the body of the owner of the house. When this happens bashfulness/honour is taken away from him and he does not mind whatever he says or is said about him’.54

�Q�* ا�[�Q �� ل�"S u�( �1ء و أ�%c�ا �� أ*E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل &[+ ## � ذآ3�# �F%��3�9� ا� �� إ* اه�2 *# +�&

�� ض #� أه�� $3� ا�Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Madiniy from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following:

‘Once, Abu Abd Allahasws was asked about ‘al-Ghina’ when I was present. The Imamasws said: ‘Do not enter the houses whose inhabitants Allahazwj disregards’.55

&�� ا��3$ #.3 و =+3 ا� ��ح أن #%$ #�G� ة � اc�%�ء 0SنFS 3 ا�,3%_ �,# $�<1 3.1 �� ع �6ل �� ا��دم #� أ*F ا9�

$%# 3.%\� 2� ��$ و �Y�* �� 2� �QM �� S ��آ� 9Q $�� 2� It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Yasir al-Khadim who has said the following:

‘Abu Al-Hassan Al-Rezaasws has said: ‘If one keeps his soul clean of al-Ghina' Allahazwj Commands the winds to move a tree in the Garden (paradises). From this tree a sound is heard the like of which is never heard, and those who fail to keep their souls clean of ‘al-Ghina’ (music and singing) will not be able to hear it’.56

51 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12062, Ch. 25, h, 15 52 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12063, Ch. 25, h, 16 53 A musical instrument 54 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12064, Ch. 25, h, 17 55 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12065, Ch. 25, h, 18 56 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12066, Ch. 25, h, 19

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�F�# �* �� ا9�# �E�� * �F�# �# $%# $3�� آ�� ا�3K��اوي� �6ل &H�� أ*� #E� ا�# ��(3 � #E� ا�* �F�# �ا��.3از # ة J��ا��ء ا HE%� ��آ �� ب ا��ان �%HE ا�%�>�ق FS ا�"u لع �"

It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ali ibn Ma'bad from al-Hassan ibn Al: al-Khazzaz from Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman from Kulayb al-Saydawiy who has said the following:

‘I once heard Abu Abd Allahasws saying: ‘Playing ‘Oud’57 grows hypocrisy just as water grows green plants’.58

�* * ��S _3�3$ أ�� ع �6ل �� "��س ا�� ا9�* �F�# �# ��E( �* Z&� �� أ*�$ ## +�"# �* v&� �� أ)�� *# $%#

��,<Q $n�Q و �"�"� It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn 'Aqil from his father from Musa ibn Habib who has said the following:

‘Ali ibn al-Husaynasws has said: ‘Allahazwj does not Grant holiness to a nation in which barbat59 sounds and the false eulogies that cause pain’.60

� )�� 6ل �6ل F� أ* #E� ا��3$ ع أZ31 آ%H%%sS H أ$31 �3�9� * * 2�= �� &%�ن #* �3�9� �# �3�9� �� أ)�� *# Z�9� �

\(�S ن�� رت *>� H%آ F�1�اك إS H��= H�"S �u��ف ا # �6 p�ذ F� ل�"S $ار�= Z�ت إ s1 و �H إZ� دار[�S F%�E p�� و p� ا��3$ #.3 و =+3 إZ� أه�$ أ�%H ا��3$ #.3 و =+3 #�Z أهs%� �� ,�

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Jahrn from Hamid who has said the following:

‘Abu Abd Allahasws once asked me: ‘Where have you been’? I then thought that heasws knows the place where I was. I then said: ‘I pray to Allahazwj to keep my soul in service for yourasws cause, I was passing by so and so and he kept me. I went in his house and looked at his slave-girls’. The Imamasws said: ‘That is such a gathering to the inhabitants of which Allahazwj does not look. Have you placed your family and assets in the trust of Allahazwj?61

<�= F*أ �# ��!"� �* �F�# �* �� ا9�# �F%�رG�اه�2 ا � إ** �3�9� �� أ)�� *# �3�9� �* Z3�� # �3�9� �* ��ا9�

0S �E# �"S |y�1 Z�إ ZcMأ �ن آ�ن ا�x� |y�3%د�ي #� ا��3$ #.3 و =+E# �"S 3� ا��3$ و إن آ�ن ا�x� |y�3%د�ي #� ع �6ل � ا�38�!�ن E# �"S� ا�38�!�ن

Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu'alla' ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Ibrahim al-Armaniy from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Yaqtin who has said the following:

‘Abu Ja'farasws has said: ‘If one listens to a speaker62 he worships him. If the speaker conveys from Allahazwj he has worshipped Allahazwj; but if he conveys from Satan he has worshipped Satan’.63

57 A certain musical instrument 58 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12067, Ch. 25, h, 20 59 A musical instrument 60 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12068, Ch. 25, h, 21 61 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12069, Ch. 25, h, 22 62 Singer/entertrainer/preacher 63 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12071, Ch. 25, h, 24

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p31أ � ا� �3�3ن #� �1� �6ل &H�G ا�� ا&�3F1 ع و 6�H إن3 ا3F&�3E�� ذآ* �F�# �� ز��د #* +�& �# �%*�9Mأ �#�3ة � �G& $� H� ]�� FS اc�%�ء S"�ل آ5ب ا�.�1��| �� ه@5ا 6Q ء�%c�ا �# $�G�S ع �H �$ إن3 ر=�� أZQ أ*� =�>"S ء�%c�ا �# F%

H�@( �6 ل�"S +y�E�� ا�ل �"S ء�%c�ن ا@� Z31GS +y�E�ا9�|� و ا ��* $3��ن إذا ��3. ا�S �� ل�"S A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn al-Rayyan from Yunus who has said the following: ‘I once asked al-Khurasaniyasws saying, 'AI-Abbasiy has said that you allow al-Ghina. The Imamasws said: ‘The infidel has spoken a lie’. I did not say so to him. He asked me about ‘al-Ghina' and I said: ‘Once a man came to Abu Jafarasws and asked him about al-Ghina'. The Imamasws said: ‘O so and so, if Allahazwj Distinguishes between truth and falsehood where is the place of al-Ghina?’ He replied: ‘It is in falsehood’. The Imamasws said: 'So, you have concluded with wisdom’.64 Playing Useless Games are Forbidden ( :(�� و �� We have already read in several Ahadith the word ‘��’ refers to useless play/games, as Allahazwj Says: ‘Among people there are those who buy useless thing s in the form of words to mislead from the path of Allah. (3 1 :6). And Allahazwj Says: ‘We have not created the skies, the earth and all i n between for a playful purpose, had we wanted we could have done so and we were able to do so. We throw the truth over the falsehood to invalidate it and it is bound to vanish. Woe upon you because of your terrible expression.’ (21:16-18). We, present below two Further Ahadith in the explanation of the words ‘:’�*� و 34�

�E# �# ��& �� =%�ح #� #Y��ن ** ��& �� %Kر *� ا�3E��س ## ��[ �* �3�9� �� أ)�� *# �%*�9Mأ �#�3ة � اG�&�ي� #� أ =�� # �FS@�ا �F�# � �_ 6� ��ت أه�� و ا9�� *6 Z� 2� ع #� ��Z ا*�# 3 *E# F� ا��3$ ع �6ل �

� �\�اS%ا S"�ل ا9�ار��ن �� رو �6� ه� و دوا*�� S"�ل أ�� إ31�� 2� 2Qا إ��3 *��!_ و � ��Qا �\>�y ادع $\��ح ا��3$ و آ +�3��Z ع ر*S $3%دي �� ا�,� أن �1دهS 2"�م #��Z ع *��# �#�S ��E%\,%S 2��#أ H1آ� ��و�1 E��S �%� 2��9� 3$ أن�ا�

ف �� اG�رض S"�ل �� أه � Z� ا�" �_ $*�=GS�%� 2�p�3E� ��, �� روح ا��3$ و آ��\$ S"�ل و9�@2 �� آ�H1 أ#��@2 # + ه5 FS _�2 ��1�� 6ل آ��9 �*� و 34� �6ل #�Eدة ا�!�3�ت و )�� ا��1�� ]ف 6��+ و أ�+ *�� و �>@�E( آ�ن v�ل آ�"S

2 ��!�3�ت �6ل ا�!#�3_ @Qد�E# H1آ� v�ت #%�3 *@�%� و ).�31 �6ل آ )%� و & ر�1 و إذا أد*S �%��# H�E6إذا أ $��G� �FE3Kا�FM�� 6ل آv� آ�ن E6�#_ أ� آ2 �6ل *\%� ��_ S�# FS�_ و أFS �%9EM ا��و�_ S"�ل و �� ا��و�_ S"�ل &,�� 6ل و G�ه+ ا�

��%� إZ� �م ا�"��_ 6 # �6Q �= �� 6ل =�Eل ��,& �� %� +�6 ��S �ه.%S ��1ا�� Z�رد�13 إ �%��\2 و �� 6+ �@2 �6ل 66 ��S ل� G* �1ر � ك �� *�%�2 �6ل �� روح ا��3$ إ31�2 ��,�ن *�,�م �� F%��@� 2� v�آ p9�ظ ��اد و آ5*\2 �6ل و�� _@n��ي �

=�%23 �� أدري أآ�S �@E�� أم أ1, �<� Z� ة #�3| *8�� 1GS 2�� F%3�# �3 1.ل ا5��اب��S 2�%� �إF�1 آ%�S H�2 و 2� أآ�Z ع إ �# H<\��S ��%� �Yآ Z� ا9�ار�� S"�ل �� أو��ء ا��3$ أآ+ اE��. ا��*� *�� ا�, �� و ا�%3م #�Z ا��.ا*+ ]�

ة [z�ا��1�� و ا _�S�# �� A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Mansur ibn al-Abbas from Sa'id ibn Janah from 'Uthman ibn Said from 'Abd aI-Hamid ibn Ali al-Kufi from Muhajir al-Asadi who has narrated the following from abu 'Abd Allahasws: ‘Once Jesus, son of Mary, passed by a town, in which people, birds and animals had all died. Jesusas said, 'They all have died from violence. Had they died individually they would have buried each other’. The disciples said: ‘O Spirit and Words of

64 Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12072, Ch. 25, h, 25

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Allahazwj, pray to Allahazwj to bring them to life so we may ask about their deeds and avoid those for which they have been admonished’. Jesusas prayed to his Lordazwj and from space heas was told to call them. Jesusas at night stood on a high ground that dominated the town and said: ‘O people of the town’? A certain individual replied: ‘Yes, O the Spirit and the Words of Allahazwj’. Heas then said: ‘Woe upon you, what kind of deeds did you have?' He said, 'We worshipped the devil, loved the world with little fear, had long hopes and neglectfully engaged in useless and playful activities ( 34� و �*�’). Jesusas asked: 'How was your love of the world’? He replied: ‘It was like a child's love for his mother. When it came to us we rejoiced in happiness and when it went away we felt sad and cried’. Heas then asked: ‘How was your worship of the devil?' He replied: ‘It was obedience to the sinful people’. Jesusas asked: ‘How were the consequences of your activities'?' He replied, 'We spent one night in comfort and in the morning we found ourselves in Hawiyah65.' Jesusas asked: ‘What is ‘Hawiyah’? He said: ‘It is ‘Sijjin’. Jesusas asked: 'What is Sijjln? He said: ‘It is a mountain of burning fuel that smolders upon us to the Day of Judgment.' Jesusas asked: ‘What did you say and what was said to you?' He replied: ‘We said, 'Return us to the worldly life so we can live piously, and it was said to us: ‘You are lying’. Jesusas asked: ‘Why do not the others of you talk to me?' He said: ‘O Spirit of Allahazwj, they are harnessed with a harness of fire which is in the hands of stern and strong angels; I was among them, but not one of them. When punishment struck it took me with them. I am hanged by a hair on the brink of hell and I do not know if I will be saved or thrown into hell’. Jesus then turned to the disciples and said, 'Friends of Allah, eating dried up bread with not so pleasant salt and sleeping on the trash collection sites is much better in good health and safety in this world and in the next life’.66

�Z ا��ى و ا�� # 2n�#أر*� د Z�%� و اs�<9�_ و ا�!�S ��3��ى #�Z أر*� �� #�Z اFcE� و ا��وان و �6ل و ا�%�>�ق #

� *اn"$ و 2� � �x� 2� ا#\�ى ��$ و �# K6 و $%� F��Q و $�nات � Yآ Zc* ��S ��نc�!ة و ا��ا�38 p��E$ و 2� ��2 6�� Z�� ),3_ و ا��%� #* ��# Z�# 3+u Zcy �� ا�38�ات و �� 2� 5��ل 1>�$ FS ا�38�ات ]�ض FS ا�Y�E��ت و �# $�<1

3ة و اG��+ و ا�� c�ا Z� �ط FS ا��+ )\Z3 �"�م أر*� �� #<Q _�y��ا9�|� و ا � د� #Q _E��ن3 اG* p�و ذ _�y��و ا _E � $�S ه �� ( 2��2 ا10��ن )�� ه �S$ و � ## +�G�� ا و � +=G�ا $�� 3ة #c�=+ و ال و ا��ا� �� Q�<[ ت�

� ا9�|� و # أد*E@\&ا ��S _3�EK��و ا3��9�_ و ا و ا�>�E@�ا Z��Z أر*� �� ## _s�<9�ا��+ و ا � ء #��* K"Q ,S �S � ار و �Mر و إ,S إد*�ر و ��* أ��G�ا �]ES 3_ =�ر�EK��ا $Q5[أ ��Z ا�1�5ب و �# 3 Mأ F�( �و �

اط و ا�!3�� #�Z أر*� �� ا�> ح و ا�� ح و ا��3,�=_ و ا�\3 �Kا� Z� ح �@ و #%� ا��3$ و ا�� ح ]��ء و =ر #<��S P�@ P�@3\م و ا��Pz�ا +�( Z�إ $Q3 !uا ��ء ��* _=�,3�و c�+ و ا&\E�ال ا�53ي ه أدZ1 *��53ي ه ]� p�5S �*� و 34� ا�

� آ+F� 3 ا�%�>�ق� و =+3 و=�$ و أ) Z��Q ذآ و و&H� و د#�n�$ و E��$ و ا��3$ �6ه Sق #�Eد �!H ��اE1و ا $"�ء ] F� 3+آ\$ آ * Hu�S و و أ� ق 1ر �,H ),3\$ و ]�� ء ر)�\$ و �� أ�S آ\�*$ و �و ا&\�Jءت )@�\$ و ه��

�!�1$ و )"H3 آ��\$ و أ6�!H �از�%$ و *�Hc3 ر&�$ S,�+ ا��3[_ ذE1� و ا�S �135\%_ و ا�>\%_ د & �s\&و =�+ د�%$ و ا ��1� �ى �� 2� �\� إZ� ا��3$ و ��\ ف *E15$ و �� \\Sا �� Qب اه\�ى و ��S را�y _*3\و ا� _*Q ZE\��و ا ZE\# Z%�ا9�

�Z ا��3$ إ��3 ه�p� ا��3$ ا��S $3�� أو& # p�� ى و ا9��2 ا2�s�� و �� أ1@+ �� #%�8E�3)�_ و ا � ا�\3*_ و ا�� $�� *!�#\$ ا=\�� آ ا�\$ و �� د]+ FS�K��\$ ذاق <� ��S ��38ا� �!E�1@�ل و ا�,2�9 و اG�ا +�� و*�ل 1"�\$ و 6 �3�#

�9�3 �1د��EK��

65 A central place in Hell 66 Al-Kafi, vol. 2, H. 2583, Ch. 122, h, 11

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‘Amir-ul-Momineenasws has said, 'Hypocrisy has four pillars: Desire, Neglect, Resentment and Greed. ‘Desire is of four branches: disproportionate behavior, transgression, lust and insubordination. Whoever behaves disproportionately faces great risks, remains lonely and without supporters. Whoever transgresses does not remain immune to harmful consequences, his heart is not in peace and he does not control his soul against lustful matters. Whoever has not balanced his soul in lustful matters he indulges in filthy activities. Whoever acts insubordinately purposely and without evidence strays in false-hood. ‘Neglect’ is of four branches: dishonesty, yearning, fear and procrastination. Fear and apprehension turns one away from the truth and procrastination leads to extremely reduced activities until the deadline approaches. If one does not have any yearnings he knows his true condition and measures. If he knows the true measure of his condition in which he is, he would die suddenly due to fear and apprehension. Dishonesty cuts short one's deeds. ‘Resentment’ is of four branches: arrogance, boastfulness, egoistic, and racism. Whoever is arrogant turns his back to the truth. Whoever is boastful indulges in sins. Whoever is egoistic persists in sins. Whoever comes in the clench of racism commits injustice. ‘Thus, evil is the affair that swings in deterioration, indecency, persistence and injustice on the path. ‘Greed’ is of four branches: exhilaration, 34� و �*� pleasure seeking, worrying and superfluity. Exhilaration is detestable before Allah. Pleasure seeking ( 34� و �*�) is feeblemindedness. Worrisome is a misfortune for one who is forced to carry sins. Seeking superfluity is useless, a childish manner, a wasteful preoccupation and an effort to change what is of a lower quality to a better one. "This is how hypocrisy its pillars and branches are. Allah is dominant over his servants. Speaking of Him is exalted and glory is His. He has created all things in good fashion, His hands are free, His favor is universal, His command is manifest, His light shines, His blessing overflows, His wisdom is the source of light, His book is overriding, His evidence is overwhelming, His religion is pure, His kingdom is powerful, His word is the truth, His measures are just and His messengers have already preached. Thus, He has made evil a sin, sin a misfortune and misfortune a filth. "He has made virtuous deeds a threshold. The threshold is repentance and repentance is purification. One who repents finds guidance. One who plots goes astray, as long as he does not repent before Allahazwj and confess to his sins. No one dares to act, to his own destruction, against Allahazwj, except those who are doomed. ‘Allahazwj! Allahazwj! How vast is what He has for repentance, favours, joy and great forbearance. How severe is what is before Him of retribution, hell, and a hard grip! Whoever succeeds in obedience to Himazwj attracts Hisazwj generosity. Whoever indulges in disobedience to Himazwj he will test the results of Hisazwj Disapproval and very shortly he will become regretful.67"

67 Al-Kafi, vol. 2, H. 2852, Ch. 163, h, 1

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Appendix I: (Al-Burhan)

� ��"ب -]2/ [8753* ��9� : ��F ا*� ا�2@9، ## �# ،Z��# �* ��9� F%*ا mا �E# أ)��، و �# ،Z�9� �* ��9� �# mا �E# F*أ ��ن �$ �� 8�ء �� 9ر�� : ، FS 6ل اm #. و =+ )#��$ ا��lم (أ*�ن *� #��Yن، #� أ*F ا��Eس، #��

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