Picture by Christine Nolan · 2016-02-05 · Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot,...
Transcript of Picture by Christine Nolan · 2016-02-05 · Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot,...
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Picture by Christine Nolan
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o Background
• The Well Traveled Yogurt Pot
• U.S. Freight Movement
• Food-miles Concept: Pros & Cons
• Linkages with Community Systems
o Movement of Food-related Commodities in U.S.
o Spatial Analysis of Food Assets/Destinations
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Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot,
World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1995
Map developed by the PCRD
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o 150 g Yogurt pot sold in southern Germany
o Strawberries from Poland to west Germany for jam making and
then to southern Germany
o Yogurt culture, paper, resin, and glue for cardboard box from
northern Germany
o Corn and wheat powder from Holland to west Germany and then
to southern Germany
o Labels and plastics from west Germany
o Glass jars from east Germany
o Milk from the Stuttgart hinterlands
Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot, World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1995
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“In general, volume of road freight (tons) is stagnating, volume of freight movement (ton-miles) is increasing”………Stefanie Böge,
1995
o Environmental consequences- emissions of SO2, Nox, and dust
o Diesel and fossil fuel expenses (non-renewable energy sources)
o For one truck-load of yogurt in southern Germany , a theoretical truck-load has to move 1,005 KM.
Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot, World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1995
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o In 2007, the total value of freight moved was $ 11.7 trillion, weight was 12.5 billion tons, and movement was 3.3 trillion ton-miles
o All modes are included- trucks, rail, water, air, pipeline, and multiple modes (parcel, courier, USPS, truck & rail, etc.)
o From 1993-2002, weight (tons) increased by 29%, movement (ton-miles) increased by 38% Source: BTS, Table 01-58, National Transportation Statistics
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o “Farm to the Fork”- distance traveled by food (Angela Paxton, 1994)
o Energy used, GHG emissions, other environmental impacts o Promotes locally grown foods, local producers and farmers
o The Soil Association in the UK monitors the import of
organic produce to UK by the air freight o Benefits of organic farming (social and economic) versus
costs (GHG emissions during production, transport by air freight, etc.)
o In UK, the air freight is used for 1% of fresh organic produce causing 11% of GHG emissions of the food sector
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o Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Analysis (EIO-LCA) application to food production and consumption
o Life cycle supply chain analysis
o The average U.S. household’s carbon footprint from food consumption is 8.1 ton CO2/year (Weber et al., 2008)
o EIO-LCA: 83% of GHG emissions are from food production,
only 11% is from the transportation of food materials (Weber at al., 2008)
o Arguments for locally grown foods should not be based solely on food-miles
Weber, Christopher L. and H. Scott Matthews, Food-Miles and the Relative Climate Impacts of Food Choices in the United States, Environmental Science and Technology, 2008, 42
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Food System
Transportation
Community health
Equity
Green Infrastructure
Air Quality
Noise
Land use/activity
Community/Regional Economy
Sustainability
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o Freight Analysis Framework 3
o Oak Ridge National Laboratory
o Commodities
o Freight movement by 7 modes
o Truck, Rail, Water, Air, Multiple modes, Pipeline, Other modes
Map developed by the PCRD
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Map developed by the PCRD
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Map developed by the PCRD
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Prepared Food Stuffs: o Dairy products; Processed or prepared vegetables, fruit, other nuts, juices; Coffee, tea,
and spices; Animal or vegetable fats and oils, prepared edible fats, flours, oil seeds; Sugars, confectionary, cocoa preparations; Other edible preparations; Non- alcoholic beverages and ice
Map developed by the PCRD
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Data from USDA, Ag Marketing Service, map developed by the PCRD
• 168 locations, 2010
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Data from USDA, Ag Marketing Service, map developed by the PCRD
o Farmers’ markets sell different types of food-stuffs
o Vegetables, herbs, honey, maple, meat, nuts, plants, etc.
o Websites, social media (Facebook, blog, etc.)
o USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, http://search.ams.usda.gov/farmersmarkets/
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D & B data, map developed by the PCRD
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D & B data, map developed by the PCRD
o 10,687 restaurants
o NAICS 722110
o NAICS 722211
o D & B data
o All types of food destinations are not covered
o Day-time vs. resident population
o ORNL, LandScan database
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Source: http://maps.ers.usda.gov/FoodAtlas/foodenv5.aspx
o Supermarkets with at least $ 2 million annual sales are included
o County level information
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o Accessibility to supermarkets is available- walking and driving
o Supermarkets with at least $ 1 million sales are included
o NAVTEQ transportation network data
Source: http://explorer.arcgis.com/?open=a0fcf79c205f454995d89086c8f518e3
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o Spatial Analysis & Mapping of Food Systems, Cornell University, http://guides.library.cornell.edu/content.php?pid=84833&sid=639443 o ArcGIS Online Food Deserts Group,
http://www.arcgis.com/home/group.html?owner=jimhe&title=Food%20Deserts
o Food Environment Atlas, http://ers.usda.gov/foodatlas/
o MarketMaker, http://national.marketmaker.uiuc.edu/
o Local Foodshed Mapping Tool for New York State, http://www.cals.cornell.edu/cals/css/extension/foodshed-mapping.cfm#foodshed