Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the Processing questions (#1-3)

Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the Processing questions (#1-3) Confronting the Issue of SlaveryChapter 21Section 2Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Process for forming new states

Unspoken agreement to keep free states and free states equal

Questions About MissouriNortherners questioned whether Missouri should be slave or free

Allowing Missouri to be entered as a slave state would open slavery to the Louisiana Territory and beyond

A northerners nightmareThe Tallmadge AmendmentRep. James Tallmadge suggested that Missouri could only be entered as free

Sparked debate on states rights and slavery

A Deadlocked CongressNorth had more representatives in the House

Equal in the Senate

Southern senators able to block anti-slave laws

Missouri would change thatA Deadlocked Congress (continued)Tallmadge Amendment awakened strong anti-slavery feelings

Anti-Slavery petitions sent to Congress

House approved Tallmadge Amendment

Defeated in Senate The Missouri compromise Chapter 21Section 3The Missouri CompromiseCongress returned to the debate in 1820

Maine was trying to achieve statehood as a free state

Southerners threatening secession and civil warA Compromise is ReachedCompromise crafted by Rep. Henry Clay

Admitted Missouri as slave and Maine as free

Drew a line through the Louisiana TerritoryNorth of the line = Future free statesSouth of the line = Future slave states

Reactions to the Compromise Unpopular decision

Northerners viewed it as the easy way out

Southerners disliked the ban on slavery in future western statesThe Missouri Compromise UnravelsChapter 21Section 4The Gag Rule Abolitionist movement flooded Congress with petitions

Abolitionists wanted Congress to question slavery in the District of Columbia

Congress decided to set aside all anti-slavery petitions and gag all debate on the issueThe Gag Rule (continued)John Quincy Adams proposed that no one could be born into slavery after 1845

Congress refused his proposal

Southern FearsNat Turners rebellion created fear in the south

Created stricter laws on transport of slaves

Reward for arresting abolitionists

Fugitive Slaves

Slavery in the TerritoriesGag rule delayed the slavery debate for 10 years

Wilmot Proviso added to a bill requesting funds for Mexican-American War

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in the territory acquired from Mexico Slavery in the Territories (continued)Southerners opposed the Wilmot Proviso

Passed in the House

Rejected in Senate

Statehood for CaliforniaSoutherners proposed extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific

Rejected by Northerners

Applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state

Statehood for California (continued)California would upset the balance between slave and free states

Deadlocked Congress once again

South continued threats of secessionThe compromise of 1850Chapter 21 Section 5Something for EveryoneHenry Clays plan

Admitted California

Allowed N. Mexico and Utah to decide on slavery

Ended slavery in D.C.

Something for Everyone (continued)Called for passing a strong fugitive slave act

Made it easier to find and reclaim runaway slavesThe Compromise is AcceptedCongress debated Clays compromise for 9 months

Accepted in 1850 after heated discussion and threats of civil warThe Compromise of 1850 FailsChapter 21Section 6

The Fugitive Slave ActSoutherners did not do enough to ensure the success of the act

Northerners did not want to enforce the act

Denied all rights of captured slavesThe Fugitive Slave Act (continued)Jailed people who helped escaped slaves

Northerners ridiculed slave catchers

Almost impossible to catch slaves in the northUncle Toms CabinWritten by Harriet Beecher Stowe

First published as short stories in an abolitionist newspaper

Published in 1852 as a full novel

The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska ActOstend Manifesto was a message sent from three American diplomats to the Secretary of State

President Pierce was trying to purchase Cuba

The message called for the seizure of Cuba by force

Northerners believed Cuba was going to be a slave stateThe Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued)Wanted to build a railroad to California

Believed the project would happen if the Great Plains was organized into states

The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued)Kansas and Nebraska Act

Created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska (obviously)

Abolished the Missouri Compromise and allowed citizens of a territory to vote to allow slavery

Bloodshed in KansasMost new settlers were peaceful farmers

Others came to support or oppose slavery

Two separate governments createdBloodshed in Kansas (continued) On May 21, 1856, pro-slavery activists burned hotels, looted homes, destroyed printing presses

In response, John Brown and his sons killed five slave supporters with swords

Violence in CongressSenator Charles Sumner suspected Stephen Douglass had tried to make Kansas a slave state

Sumner described the crimes against Kansas as being in favor of slavery

Violence in Congress (continued)Sumner verbally attacked Senator Butler on his pro-slavery stance

Preston Brooks, Butlers nephew beat Sumner with a metal tipped cane on the senate floor

Violence in Congress (continued)Took Sumner over 3 years to recover

Southerners applauded Brooks

Sent him replacement canes

The Dred Scott DecisionChapter 21Section 7The Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was a slave who traveled to Wisconsin with his masterSlavery was banned in Wisconsin

Scott claimed that his stay in Wisconsin made him free

Questions of the Case9 Supreme Court Justices total5 from the south4 from the north

Was Dred Scott a citizen?

Did his time in Wisconsin make him a free man?Two Judicial BombshellsScott could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizenNo African American could ever become a citizen

The Missouri compromise was unconstitutionalTwo Judicial BombshellsThe Dred Scott decision opened slavery to all territories

Protected property rights of slave owners

Outraged Northerners

From Compromise To conflictChapter 21Section 8From Compromise to CrisisRepublican Party forms with anti-slavery beliefs

Abraham Lincoln nominated to run for Senate as a Republican The Lincoln-Douglass DebatesStephen Douglass believed in half free, half slave

Lincoln believed slavery was a moral issue

Lincoln lost the election but turned into a national figure

John Browns RaidAnti-slavery extremist

Wanted to capture guns and ammo to create slave revolts

Raided the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA

John Browns Raid (continued)All of Browns followers either captured or killed

Told followers: You "will never get out alive"

Many Northerners believed Brown was a hero

The Election of 1860 and secessionChapter 21Section 9The Election of 1860 and SecessionRepublicans unite behind Lincoln

Democrats split between north and south

Constitutional Union Party forms

Abraham Lincoln is Elected PresidentDivision in parties allows Lincoln to be elected president

South now in the minority

Feared the abolishment of slavery

The South Secedes from the UnionLincoln would not interfere with slavery in the south

He would enforce the Fugitive Slave Act

He would not allow slavery to extend to the territoriesThe South Secedes from the UnionSouth Carolina is the first state to leave the United States

Six states follow

Formed the Confederate States of America February, 1861

The Civil War BeginsLincoln becomes president March 4th, 1861

Declares secession wrong and unconstitutional

Attack on Fort Sumter by the Confederates

The Civil War BeginsFort Sumter surrendered after 33 hours

Wave of patriotism in the North

Showed that the South was not afraid of using force

Official beginning of the Civil War