Physiotherapy Talk

8/6/2019 Physiotherapy Talk

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Physical therapyorPhysiotherapy

vaidyakalanidhi.Prof.C.K.Ramachandran.FRCP(E-din),MRCP(Glasgow),MRCP(England),DTM-H(England).


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Defining Physiotherapy

A health care profession that providestreatment to individuals to develop, maintainand restore maximum movement and

function throughout life.

It is applied in circumstances where

movement and functions are threatened byaging, injury, disease or environmentalfactors.


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Defining Physiotherapy (contd.)

It is concerned with improving quality of lifeand movement potential within the spheresof promotion, prevention, treatmentintervention, habilitation and rehabilitation.


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The Physiotherapy Field

It involves the interaction between physicaltherapist (PT), patients, health professionals,families, care givers, and communities in aprocess where movement potential isassessed and goals are agreed upon, usingknowledge and skills unique to physical

therapists.


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As a Coordinator

PTs use patients history and physicalexamination to arrive at a diagnosis andestablish a management plan, and whennecessary, incorporate the results oflaboratory and imaging studies such asxrays, electromyograms, nerve conduction

studies and other laboratory results.


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On the Move

PTs practice in many settings, such asoutpatient clinics, private clinics, inpatientrehabilitation facilities, skilled nursingfacilities, extended care facilities, privatehomes, education and research centers,schools, hospices, industrial workplaces or

other occupational environments, fitnesscenters and sports training facilities.


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History of Physiotherapy

Charaka, Susrutha, Hippocrates, Galen etcare believed to have been the first

practitioners of physical therapy, advocatingmassage, manual therapy techniques andhydrotherapy to treat people in 460 B.Conwards.


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History (contd.)

After the development of orthpaedics in theeighteenth century several equipments weredeveloped to treat variety of joint disordersby promoting systematic exercises of the

joints as well as wasted and week muscles.


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laaGavaM kma-

saamaqyao-M

dIptaaoignamao-dsa:Xaya: |

ivaBa> Ganagaa~atvaMvyaayaamaadupajaayatao

||

History of Physiotherapy - Ayurveda


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History of Documentation

Earliest documents on physical therapy dateback to Per Henrik Ling Father of SwedishGymnastics who founded the Royal CentralInstitute of Gymnastics (RCIG) in 1813 formassage, manipulation and exercise.


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Beginnings

In Great Britain four nurses formed theChartered Society of Physiotherapy in 1894

School of Physiotherapy at the University ofOtago in New Zealand in 1913

And in United States' 1914 Reed College inPortland, Oregon, started the course in

Physiotherapy.


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Beginnings (contd.)

The first physical therapy research waspublished in the United States in March 1921

Mary McMillan organized the PhysicalTherapy Association

In 1924, the Georgia Warm SpringsFoundation selected physical therapy as a

treatment for polio.


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1940s physiotherapy included exercise, massage,and traction. Manipulative procedures to the spineand extremity joints began to be practiced,especially in the British Commonwealth countries.

In the early 1950s physiotherapy became an integralpart in almost all the teaching hospitals as well asseveral private institutions of India.

Later that decade, physical therapists started tomove beyond hospital based practice, to outpatientorthopedic clinics, public schools, colleges, geriatricsettings, rehabilitation centers and medical centers.

Evolution of physiotherapy


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Evolution (contd.)

Specialization for physical therapy in the U.S.occurred in 1974, with the Orthopaedic Section ofthe APTA (American Physical Therapy Association)

being formed for those physical therapistsspecializing in orthopaedics.

In the same year, the International Federation ofOrthopaedic Manipulative Therapy was formed,

which has played an important role in advancingmanual therapy worldwide ever since.


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Establishment as a recognized field

During the Second World War, when a largenumber of soldiers and civilians suffered injuries,the need for putting them back on health trackbecame imperative. The situation gave rise to a newscience of healing, now known as Physiotherapy.

In short, it is the science of treatment of disease byexercise, massage, heat, light, electricity or otherphysical agencies.

Now, physiotherapists are graduates, post-

graduates and even PhDs, specializing in differentdisciplines of physiotherapy.


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Types of Physiotherapy

Specialization in specific clinical areasgradually developed and different types ofphysical therapy were classified.

Specialties list seven certifications includingsports physical therapy and clinicalelectrophysiology.


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World-wide the five more common specialtiesareas are:

Cardiopulmonary Geriatric

Neurological

Orthopaedic

Pediatric

Types of Physiotherapy (contd.)


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Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy

Manual therapy is used in this field to assist inclearing lung secretions in cystic fibrosis.Disorders, including heart attacks, post

coronary bypass surgery, chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosiscan benefit from cardiovascular and

pulmonary specialized physical therapists .


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Geriatric Physiotherapy

There are many conditions that affectpeople as they grow older. These caninclude the following: arthritis,

osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease,hip and joint replacement, balancedisorders, incontinence, etc. In these cases,

geriatric physical therapy can be applied.


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Neurological Physiotherapy

Neurological disorders include Alzheimer'sdisease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brain injury,

cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson'sdisease, spinal cord injury, and stroke.Common impairments associated withneurological conditions include impairments

of vision, balance, ambulation, activities ofdaily living, movement, speech and loss offunctional independence.


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Orthopaedic therapists are trained in the treatment ofpost-operative orthopaedic procedures, fractures,acute sports injuries, arthritis, sprains, strains, backand neck pain, spinal conditions and amputations.

Joint and spine mobilization or manipulation,therapeutic exercise, neuromuscular reeducation, hotor cold packs, and electrical muscle stimulation (e.g.cryotherapy, iontophoresis, electrotherapy) are

modalities often used to expedite recovery in theorthopaedic setting.

Orthopaedic Physiotherapy


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Paediatric Physiotherapy

In a variety of congenital, developmental,neuromuscular, skeletal, or acquireddisorders, treatments focus on improving

gross and fine motor skills, balance andcoordination, strength and endurance as wellas cognitive and sensory integration.


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THANK YOU..

Physiotherapy Talk

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