Physiology Analogy and Model
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Transcript of Physiology Analogy and Model
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WAN FATIHAH BINTI WAN HUSSIN D20071029377
SITI SAFIRAH BINTI MOHAMAD KAMIL D20071029395
MOHAMAD ARIF BIN NASARUDDIN D20091035123
SUARDI BIN NANANG D20091035131
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Excretion of waste
Maintaining of water-salt balance of
blood Maintain blood pH
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Occur in Nephron of kidney
Three process
Filtration
Reabsorption Secretion
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Filters out molecules which are muchsmaller than RBC & plasma proteins
Diameter of efferent glomerularcapillaries is narrower than afferentcapillaries causes hydrostatic pressure
Forces all content of blood in theglomerulus into the lumen of Bowmans
capsul (except plasma protein,WBC, RBC& platelets)
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Refer to model prepared.
Based on model : Smaller diameter pipe : efferent capillary
Bigger diameter pipe : afferent capillary Filter : Glomerulus
Filter funnel : Bowmans capsule
Plastic bottle : Tubule
Mixture of water and coconut shred : Blood Coconuts milk : Glomerulus filtrate ( water and
small moleculesnutrient, glucose, amino acid, salt,urea)
Remaining coconut : Plasma Protein and Blood cell
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+
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First, occurs at proximal convolutedtubule
Glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and otherentirely reabsorb here.
Ions ( sodium, chloride, bicarbonate andpotassium ) are partially reabsorbed.
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Second, at Loop of Henly DESCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE
Filtrate moves into Descendinglimb.
The epitelium of the decendingarm is permeable to water but not
for salt and other solutes. Reabsorption of water from tubule
via osmosis.
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At descending Loop ofHenle, water moves byosmosis from the tubule intothe blood can be analogyby downhill.
Descending Loop of Henleonly permeable to watermolecules.
The high waterconcentration at the tubulebe a peak, and low water
concentration of capillary bea kaki bukit.
When people downhill, wedoes no need to expendenergy for it to happen,same as osmosis.
CAPILLARY
TUBULE
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Peak of Mountain: High
concentrationgradient of water
in descending
limb.
Lower region ofmountain : low
concentration ofwater in bloodcapillaries andinterstitial fluid
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ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE The ascending arm is impermeable to water
but no to salt.
Medulla more osmotic compare to filtrate.
Filtrate: High concentration of salts As the filtrate flows up acending arm, the Na+
and Cl- diffuse out from the thin segment of theascending arm
In the thick segment of the ascending arm,Na+ and Cl- are actively transported into theinterstitial fluid of medulla.
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Ascendinglimb
Interstitialfluid of
Medulla andbllod
capillaries
Segment ofascending
limb
Thin
Thick
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COLLECTING DUCT
As the filtrate move down the collecting
duct, the tissue fluid in the medulla
surrounding get more and moreconcentrate
Water leave collecting duct by osmosis
Urea moved by diffusion
The filtrate left is called urine
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Peak of Mountain: High
concentrationgradient of water
and urea incollecting duct.
Lower region of
mountain : lowconcentration ofwater and ureainblood capillaries
and interstitialfluid
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Occur in the distal tubule and collecting duct
Loop of Henle create the conditions in themedulla allowing secretion to occur
Involve the pumping out of the wasteproducts from blood capillaries into thetubules
Substances (nitrogenous products) such asuric acid, H+, ammonia, urea eliminated bysecretion through active transport
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Some drugs & toxic substances are secretedout by simple diffusion Certain substances are added to tubule Glomerulus filtrate that reaches collecting
ducturine (96% water, 2.5% nitrogenousproducts & 1.5% salts & other trace element)
Urine is channeled out of collecting duct intopelvis, then out of kidney into the bladder by
ureter & finally excreted out of the bodythrough urethra
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Kitchen is our bloodcapillaries
We throw away waste products from thekitchen to the dustbin outsidesecretionprocess
The waste productstransported and disposed