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Nobel prize winners in Physics

1901-2007

2007

Albert Firt and Peter Grnberg for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance

2006

John Mather and George Smoot for the discovery of the anisotropic nature of

cosmic background radiation

2005

Roy Glauber for contributions to the theory of optical coherence

John Hall and Theodore Hansch for laser based precision spectroscopy

2004

David Gross, H.David Politzer and Frank Wilczek for the discovery of

asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

2003

Alexei Abrikosov, Vitali Ginsburg and Anthony Leggett for pioneering

contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids

2002

Raymond Davis Jr and Masatoshi Koshiba for pioneering contributions to

astrophysics

Riccardo Giaconni for pioneering contributions to astrophysics leading to the

discovery of cosmic X ray sources

2001

Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Kertterle and Carl Weiman for the achievement of Bose-

Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms

2000

Zhores Alferov and Herbert Kroemer for developing semiconductor

heterostructures

Jack Kilby for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit

1999

Geradus T'Hooft and Martinus Veltman for elucidating the quantum structure of

electroweak interactions in physics

1998

Robert Laughlin, Horst Stormer and Daniel Tsui for their discovery of a new

form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

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1997

Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Phillips for the development of

methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light

1996

David Lee, Douglas Osheroff and Robert Richardson for their discovery of

superfluidity in helium-3

1995

Martin Perl for the discovery of the tau lepton.

Frederick Reines for the detection of the neutrino.

1994

Betram Brockhous for the development of neutron spectroscopy

Clifford Shull for the development of the neutron diffraction technique.

1993

Russel Hulse and Joseph Taylor Jr for the discovery of a new type of pulsar

1992

Georges Charpak for his invention and development of particle detectors

1991

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes for discovering that methods developed for studying

order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of

matter

1990

Jerome Friedman, Henry Kendall and Richard Taylor for their pioneering

investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and

bound neutrons

1989

Norman Ramsey for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and

its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks.

Hans Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul for the development of the ion trap technique

1988

Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger for the neutrino beam

method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the

discovery of the muon neutrino

1987

J.Georg Bendnorz and K. Alexander Mller for a breakthrough in the study of

superconductivity in ceramic materials

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1986

Ernst Ruska for the design of the first electron microscope

Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer for their design of the scanning tunnelling

microscope

1985

Klaus von Klitzing for the discovery of the quantised Hall effect

1984

Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer for contributions to the project that led

to the discovery of the W and Z particles

1983

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar for studies of physical processes important in the

structure and evolution of stars

William Fowler for studies of nuclear reactions important in the formation of

chemical elements in the universe

1982

Kenneth Wilson for his theory of critical phenomena in phase transitions

1981

Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arther Schawlow for the development of laser

spectroscopy

Kai Siegbahn for contributions to the development of high resolution electron

spectroscopy

1980

James Cronin and Val Fitch for the discovery of fundamental symmetry in the

decay of neutral K mesons

1979

Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg for contributions to the

theory of unified weak and electromagnetic interactions between fundamental

particles

1978

Pyotr Kapitsa for discoveries in the area of low temperature physics

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson for the discovery of the cosmic background

radiation

1977

Philip Anderson, Nevil Mott and John van Vleck for work on the electronic

structure of magnetic and disordered systems

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1976

Burton Richter and Samuel Ting for pioneering work in the discovery of a new

kind of heavy elementary particle

1975

Aage Bohr, Ben Mottleson and James Rainwater for the development of a

theory about the stricture of the atomic nucleus

1974

Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish for pioneering work in astrophysics including the

discovery of pulsars

1973

Leon Esaki and Ivar Giaever for the discovery of the tunnelling effect in

semiconductors

Brian Josephson for the discovery of the Josephson effect

1972

John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and J.Robert Schrieffer for the development of

the BCS theory of superconductivity

1971

Denis Gabor for invention and development of holography

1970

Hannes Alfvn for fundamental work in magneto- hydrodynamics

Louis Nel for fundamental work in antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism

1969

Murray Gell-Mann for discoveries concerning the classification of elementary

particles

1968

Luis Alvarez for discoveries in particle physics

1967

Hans Bethe for discoveries concerning the energy production in stars

1966

Alfred Kastler for discovering optical methods for the study of hertzian

resonances in atoms

1965

Sin-Itro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard Feynman for fundamental

work in electrodynamics

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1964

Charles Townes, Nicolay Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorovfor fundamental work in

quantum electronics

1963

Eugene Wigner for contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and

fundamental particles

Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans Jensen for discoveries about nuclear shell

structure

1962

Lev Landau for pioneering theories of condensed matter

1961

Robert Hofstadter for pioneering studies of electron scattering

Rudolf Mssbauer for the discovery of the Mssbauer effect

1960

Donald Glaser for the invention of the bubble chamber

1959

Emilio Segr and Owen Chamberlain for the discovery of the anti proton

1958

Pavel Cerenkov, Il'ja Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of the Cernekov

effect

1957

Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee for work on parity laws

1956

William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain for discovery of the

transistor effect

1955

Willis Lamb for discoveries in the fine structure of the spectrum of hydrogen

1954

Max Born for fundamental research in quantum mechanics

Walter Bothe for the coincidence method

1953

Frits Zernicke for the invention of the phase contrast microscope

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1952

Felix Block and Edward Purcell for new methods of nuclear precision

measurements

1951

John Cockroft and Ernest Walton for transmutation of nuclei by artificially

accelerated particles

1950

Cecil Powell for a photographic method for studying nuclear reactions

1949

Hideki Yukawa for theoretical work on nuclear physics

1948

Patrick Blackett for the development of the Wilson cloud chamber and work in

nuclear Physics

1947

Edward Appleton for work on the upper atmosphere and the discovery of the

Appleton layer

1946

Percy Bridgman for work on high pressure Physics

1945

Wolfgang Pauli for the discovery of the exclusion principle

1944Isidor Rabi for his method of recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei

1943

Otto Stern for his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton and

development of the molecular ray model

1942

No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the SpecialFund (2/3).

1941

No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special

Fund (2/3).

1940

No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special

Fund (2/3).

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1939

Ernest Lawrence for the invention and development of the cyclotron

1938

Enrico Fermi for work on the transmutation of elements by neutron bombardment

1937

Clinton Davisson and George Thomson for the discovery of electron diffraction

1936

Victor Hess for the discovery of cosmic radiation

Carl Anderson for the discovery of the positron

1935

James Chadwick for the discovery of the neutron

1934

No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special

Fund (2/3).

1933

Erwin Schrdinger and Paul Dirac for new theories of the atom

1932

Werner Heisenberg for the proposal and development of quantum mechanics

1931

No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the SpecialFund (2/3).

1930

Chandrasekhara Raman for work on the scattering of light and the Raman effect

1929

Louis de Broglie for the discovery of the wave nature of electrons

1928

Owen Richardson for work on thermionic emission

1927

Arthur Compton for the discovery of the Compton Effect

Charles Wilson for the invention of the cloud chamber

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1926

Jean Perrin for work on the discontinuous structure of matter

1925

James Franck and Gustav Hertz for work on the impacts of electrons on atoms

1924

Karl Siegbahn for work on X ray spectroscopy

1923

Robert Millikan for work on the charge on the electron and the photoelectric

effect

1922

Niels Bohr for work on the structure of the atom and the emission of radiation

from atoms

1921

Albert Einstein for work in theoretical Physics especially his law of photoelectric

emission

1920

Charles Guillaume for the discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys

1919

Johannes Stark for the discovery of the splitting of spectral lines in magnetic

fields

1918

Max Planck for his discovery of the quantum nature of radiation and energy

1917

Charles Barkla for the discovery of characteristic X ray emission of the elements

1916

No individual award. The money was given to the Special Fund.

1915

William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg for work on crystal structure

using X ray diffraction

1914

Max von Laue for the discovery of X ray diffraction

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1913

Heike Kamerlingh- Onnes for his investigations of the behaviour of materials at

low temperatures leading to the discovery of liquid helium

1912

Nils Dalen for work on the automatic regulators in lighthouses

1911

Wilhelm Wien for his laws of the transmission of heat radiation

1910

Johannes van der Waals for his equation of state for liquids and gases

1909

Guglielmo Marconi and Carl Braun for their work on wireless telegraphy

1908

Gabriel Lippmann for work on colours and interference in photography

1907

Albert Michelson for devising precision optical instruments and using them in

spectroscopy and meteorology

1906

JJ Thompson for theoretical and experimental work on the conduction of

electricity

1905

Philipp Lenard for work on cathode rays

1904

William Rayleigh for the discovery of argon and work on the densities of gases

1903

Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie and Marie Curie for the discovery and work on

radioactivity

1902

Hendrik Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman for research into the effects of magnetism

on radiation

1901

Wilhelm Roentgen for the discovery of cathode rays