Physics M2 Hooke's Law Applications part 2

Physics Module 2 Unit 1

Lessons 8 and 9 BEGIBEGI

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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

1Hooke’s Law applications

Use of plastic materials




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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

2Hooke’s Law applicationsArchitectural

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Several forces act on a body at any given time. Do all bodies react to stretching and compression forces in the same manner?Can you imagine how amazed Robert Hooke would be if he was alive today, to see the numerous applications of his investigation!

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At the end of this slide presentation, you should be able to :1)Recall Hooke’s Law2)Recall what is compression, tension and torsion3)Identify and explain the numerous applications of Hooke’s Law in the following areas:

a) How plastic materials are made stronger and its numerous applications.

b) Structural designs

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Ply wood – ordinary wood is made more flexible by plying, alternate layers of wood and wood particles.

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Corrugated materials – some materials can be made more flexible by corrugation, where a sheet of material is folded into flutes and is sandwiched between two reinforcement layers held together by a strong adhesive. Packages when compressed, will crush and not shatter like wood.

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Use of composites - some brittle materials are made more flexible by combining with different materials in alternate layers held together by adhesives.

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Fuselage of aero planes – the use of composites reduces the weight of an aero-plane. The composites also increase the tensile strength to withstand the shearing forces encountered by the plane during flight.

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Composites are used in the flooring of this play area for children. It reduces the injuries of accident-prone small children.

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Polycarbonates is a good substitute to glass and is used in window treatments.

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Polycarbonates is used as wall panelling for buildings. For example Madrid’s social housing project building. The windows are also made from polycarbonates.

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Polycarbonates can be used as wall paneling and roofing for greenhouses.

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Polycarbonates serve as wall panelling for greenhouses.

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Polycarbonates is used as storefront glass as it has a high impact resistance and is useful in protecting goods from theft in a store.

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Wall partitioning – Used to divide a large room into smaller sections.

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Polycarbonates have been used in hockey arenas to protect patrons from flying pucks and brawling hockey athletes.

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Polycarbonates can be used as roofing to conserve energy, but also during earthquakes can withstand the tension cause by the seismic forces. Injuries due to shattered, flying glass pieces can become a thing of the past.

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Polycarbonates are increasingly used in solar panels in a number of devices as it is transparent, flexible and has a high impact resistance; 200 times that of glass.

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Polycarbonates are used to make solar panels and in the future used in the design of solar powered laptop computers. This application would improve the quality of communication after a major disaster where the supply of electricity is interrupted.

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A matrix of metal and other materials is used as roofing material as it rigid but flexible and can withstand the torsion forces cause by hurricanes and tornadoes and compression forces of fallen trees on roofs.

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Composites - The external wall is reinforced by layers of different materials secured with a strong adhesive. During a tornado the wall will not break apart .

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I – section steel beams. An I – section steel beam consist of a top plate and a bottom plate with a stringer in the middle. This makes the I – section beam stronger than a solid steel beam.

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Trusses - A truss is a structure composed of one or more triangles. It is used in the construction of framework of roofs and bridges as it can withstand tension very well. I – section steel beams and trusses are incorporated into structural design to prevent breaking /”snapping” during an earthquake.

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Trusses - trusses help to withstand compression and tension forces. The weight of the roof is evenly supported by the trusses.

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Modern homes have been made earthquake proof by the incorporation of reinforced concrete (composite)’ steel springs (alloys) and hollow concrete blocks (lightweight composite) to prevent injury if it comes lose during shaking.

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Modern homes have been made earthquake proof by the incorporation of reinforced concrete (composite)’ steel springs (alloys) and hollow concrete blocks (lightweight composite) to prevent injury if it comes lose during shaking.

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Many vehicles are damaged during hurricanes and tornadoes because of falling trees. Polycarbonates have a high impact resistance and will not break if a tree falls on it and vehicles remain function after the passage of the storm.

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In the future, low cost housing could incorporate the use of I section beams, composites for wall partitions and flooring and use of polycarbonates for windows. This design makes housing affordable and provide protection from natural disasters.

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The use of alloys reduces the weight of the car significantly, but increases the tensile strength making it possible to carry larger loads and can withstand the stress forces which cause it to twist and bend.

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The use of alloys as in these steel alloy brake rotors increases the tensile strength and hardness. They do not wear away easily giving optimal performance over a longer lifespan.

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The use of composites in the insulation and lining of the wine racks minimizes vibrations. The quantity and quality of the contents being transported are preserved. The vibration isolation mounts ensure optimal performance of beverage cooler and a longer lifespan.

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The alloys used in the chassis and suspension springs work together to withstand torsion and vibrations caused by driving on rugged surfaces. The suspension springs ensure a comfortable ride for hours!

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Footwear – Several layers of composite materials, designed to absorb shock to feet from jogging or playing high impact sports, lessen knee and calf strain and provide comfort for long hours.

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Modern bedding systems are matrices of composite materials where persons can sleep peacefully with being disturbed by the other person constant turning during the night. The composite materials absorb the energy caused by moving in the bed , resulting in the other person being undisturbed.

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Are you ready to test yourself? There are seven multiple choice items

that you are required to do. For each item, click on the letter of the

correct response and then click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue.

You must be in Slide Show view to do the quiz.

Click the BEGIN QUIZ button to proceed.

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BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!







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Cardboard cartons are preferred for packaging over wooden crates. What method is used to make cardboard stronger?

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A. Mixing with compositesA. Mixing with composites

B. Plying B. Plying

C. Alloying C. Alloying

D. Corrugation D. Corrugation

FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK







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Question 1: Cardboard cartons are preferred for packaging over wooden crates. What method is used to make cardboard stronger?

FeedbackA No. A composite consist of visible layers of different materials.B No. Plying is a method of alternate layers of wood and wood particles held together by adhesive.C No . Alloying is the mixing of a metal with other elements to produce a material with different physical and chemical properties.

D Yes. Corrugation is the method where plies of fluted paper is glued between layers of paperboard.

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NEXT NEXT QUESTIONQUESTION








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What kind of material can be used to make bulletproof car windows?

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A. Tempered glassA. Tempered glass

D. Composites D. Composites

B. Acrylic B. Acrylic

C. Polycarbonates C. Polycarbonates








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Question 2: What kind of material can be used to make bulletproof car windows?

FeedbackA No; Tempered glass is suitable for high temperatures but is very brittle.B No; acrylic is tough, but very brittle.C Yes; polycarbonates are rigid , transparent and have higher impact resistance than glass.D No; most composites consist of layers of different material and is opaque.

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Modern homes are built to withstand earthquakes by incorporating several techniques. Name one of the methods

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A. Solid concrete blocks A. Solid concrete blocks

D. Flat zinc roofing sheetsD. Flat zinc roofing sheets

B. Solid steel beamsB. Solid steel beams

C. Hollow building blocksC. Hollow building blocks








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Question 3: Modern homes are built to withstand earthquakes by incorporating several techniques. Name one of the methods.FeedbackA No; solid concrete blocks are low tensile strength and very brittle.B No; I section steel beams have greater tensile strength than ordinary steel beams.C Yes; Hollow concrete blocks are lighter and are reinforced with steel, so if pieces should fall during a quake, injury is minimal.D No; Flat zinc sheeting is less flexible and unable to withstand torsion caused by seismic energy.

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Polycarbonates serve as substitute for glass. This is because:

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A. It has a lower impact resistance.A. It has a lower impact resistance.

D. Its tensile strength is the same as that of glass.D. Its tensile strength is the same as that of glass.

B. Its impact resistance is the same as that of glass.B. Its impact resistance is the same as that of glass.

C. It has a higher impact resistance than glass.C. It has a higher impact resistance than glass.








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Question 4: Polycarbonates serve as substitute for glass. This is because:

Feedback

A No. It has a higher impact resistance than glass.

B No.

C Yes; the impact resistance is 200 times that of

glass.

D No. the tensile strength is greater than that of glass.

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Tennis rackets are filled with polyurethane foam to maximize performance of the racket. What is the function of polyurethane ?

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A. The racket can deliver high speed serves.A. The racket can deliver high speed serves.

D. Increases tensile strength of racket.D. Increases tensile strength of racket.

C. Makes racket lightweight.C. Makes racket lightweight.

B. Minimizes vibration of the racket.B. Minimizes vibration of the racket.








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Question 5: Tennis rackets are filled with polyurethane foam to maximize performance of the racket. What is the function of polyurethane ?

FeedbackA No; It is not relevant to question.B Yes; urethane has greater vibration property than rubber.C No; it makes the racket lightweight, but not relevant to answer.D No; it is relevant to the answer, urethane has great tensile strength which makes able to absorb vibrations.

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Floors of gyms and dance studios enhance performance of athletes and performers. What type of material is used?

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A. Polycarbonates A. Polycarbonates

D. Rubber D. Rubber

C. Corrugated board C. Corrugated board

B. Composites B. Composites








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Question 6: Floors of gyms and dance studios enhance performance of athletes and performers. What type of material is used?

FeedbackA No; Polycarbonates are flexible, but used mostly because of its transparency.B Yes; the floor is a matrix of carpet, plywood, foam and rubber sheeting which opposes impact forces of the feet.C No; corrugated board would crush and not offer much resistance to impact forces.D No; answer is partially correct.

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What is the purpose of the materials used on the floors of dance studios and gyms?

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B. High impact activity for a longer time period. B. High impact activity for a longer time period.

D. It is warmer than concrete floors. D. It is warmer than concrete floors.

C. To attain maximum performance of dancers and athletes.C. To attain maximum performance of dancers and athletes.

A. To minimize stress and injuries to bones and joints.A. To minimize stress and injuries to bones and joints.








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Question 7: What is the purpose of the materials used on the floors of dance studios and gyms? Feedback

A Yes, the composite matrix arrangement of materials are flexible and bend under impact forces. The tension in the composites oppose the impact forces reducing stress on joints and bones.

B No; the answer is as a result of the answer in A

C No; the answer is as a result of the answer in A

D No; the answer is a fact, but not relevant to the purpose.

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Plywood http://www.winwood-products.com/images/okoume-plywood-combi-lge.jpgCorrugated cardboardhttp://www.howtomakeacardboard.com/images/p001_1_03.jpg

composite support exterior wallhttp://www.shanquan-membrane.com/images/w-membrane31.jpg

Honeycomb matrix compositehttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aR0-dm2zens/TPhssLEGyqI/AAAAAAAAAGs/S6Av3BH6twM/s1600/honeycomb+composite.JPG

Roofing composite materialshttp://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSfQHcoVdW2AgCB3GZhOdg_ykXQ3mvqLzHzHKR7E0DlvHwxEgReu9PND1IUlw

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787 aeroplanehttp://bintang.site11.com/Boeing_787/Boeing787_files/image342.gifComposite flooring for playareahttp://li4kids.com/images/li4k303.jpg

Glass greenhousehttp://img.en.china.cn/0/0,0,218,50555,400,300,11b38fe3.jpgWindow treatmenthttp://www.doubleglazingquote.org.uk/admin/images/French_or_Double_Doors_81959.jpegMadrid Social housing projecthttp://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2009/10/dzn_123-Social-Green-Housing-in-Vallecas-Squ011.jpg

polycarbonate wall panellinghttp://images.tradekool.com/126795400/Polycarbonate-Panel-Gutter-connected-Greenhouse.jpg

Storefront glasshttp://img.archiexpo.com/images_ae/photo-m2/explosion-proof-laminated-glass-panelss-528549.jpg

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Wall partitioninghttp://www.solarinnovations.com/products/polycarbonate/structures/Images/PolyAp2.gif

Solar laptophttp://itechfuture.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/lucesolarpanelpoweredlaptoppc3.jpgFlexible solar panelhttp://www.jetsongreen.com/images/old/

6a00d8341c67ce53ef0115714b0262970c-500wi.jpg

Hockey arena protection shieldhttp://www.totalplastics.com/assets/0000/1189/Acrylite-RinkShield_large.jpgPolycarbonate roofing materialhttp://product-image.tradeindia.com/00356523/b/1/Polycarbonate-Roofing-

Sheets.jpg

Car shed http://www.bizrice.com/upload/20120130/

Transparent_pet_sheet_instead_of_polycarbonate_roofing.jpg

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I section beamhttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wp4RV7_DecI/T5CS0FFPjzI/AAAAAAAAAMM/

VRPH3VOGVzQ/s0/steel-i-beam.jpgTrusseshttp://www.carols62.com/trusses.jpg

Free body diagram of trusshttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_28pukjwzqpY/TPwZiu8CCTI/AAAAAAAAAcw/

rOkcJBU1E9I/s1600/Free%2BBody%2BDiagram.JPGQuakeproof househttp://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1780000/images/

_1780053_earthquake_proof_300inf.gifBus shelterhttp://images1.hellotrade.com/data2/OI/EJ/HELLOTD-

1875724/2008113144543-250x250.jpg

David coleman house on cover slidehttp://mocoloco.com/fresh2/assets_c/2011/09/

zig_zag_house_by_david_coleman_architecture-1-thumb-525xauto-31465.jpg

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Steel alloy rotor http://www.uniqueautosports.com.au/pricelists/General/Skyline%20parts/

33gtrdbarotors.jpgCar chassishttp://www.cdxetextbook.com/images/chassis.jpgSport utility vehiclehttp://www.google.com.jm/imgres?

q=diagram+of+suspension+of+sports+utility+vehicle&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=RP7lueiHKmVipM:&imgrefurl=http://www.automotiveillustrations.com/stock-images-car-suspensions.html&docid=LbNbaoaEgMFxnM&imgurl=http://ww

Bedding http://www.flobeds.com/iprod/6097-highp7.jpg

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Physics M2 Hooke's Law Applications part 2

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Transcript of Physics M2 Hooke's Law Applications part 2