Physical Science:Study Guide

states of matter

The three forms that matter usually takes: solid, liquid, and gas.

Molecule

A single particle of matter made up of two or more atoms joined together.

physical change

• A change in the size, shape, or state of matter that does not change it into a new kind of matter.

Conductors

Material that an electrical charge can move through easily

electric circuit

• A continuous flow of electric charges.

Electromagnet

A strong temporary magnet that uses electricity to produce magnetism.

Insulators

Materials that electric charges do not move through easily.

Magnet

An object that attracts certain materials, mainly iron.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

Atom

The smallest particle of matter.

Matter

Anything that has mass and take up space.

chemical change

A change in matter that produces new kinds of matter.

static electricity

An electric charge that builds up on a material like a balloon.

series circuit

• A circuit with one single pathway

magnet poles

The two areas on a magnet with the greatest magnetic force.

parallel circuit

• A circuit that has more than one pathway

Chemical ChangeAn example is paper being turned

into ash.

puddle of water Changing form a liquid to a gas is a

change in state. Changes of state are physical changes, so an evaporating puddle does not form a new kind of matter.

moleculesin a gas do not stay close together

 

chemical change

• Rust on a metal cookie sheet• Wood burnign in a campfire• An Alka-Seltzer tablet bubbling in a

cup of water• Making blueberry muffins• Paper burning

physical change• Folding a paper into the shape of a bird• Paper being cut into the shape of a

snowflake• Water evaporating from a puddle• A melting popsicle• Breaking a window• Liquid water becoming ice

Heat & EnergyWhen a cup of warm water is put in the refrigerator energy is taken away from the water. 

Heat & EnergyWhen the sun shines on a parking lot, energy is added to the parking lot.

Heat & EnergyWhen solid iron is melted, energy is added to the iron.

static electricity

 •A built-up of an electric charge

Types of Matter• Positive

• Negative

• Neutral

— + + —— — ++ + + —

— — + + + —— — +

— + —— + +— + + —

Matter

• Attracts• Two samples of matter that have

different charges will attract

• Repel• Two samples of matter that have the

same charge will attract

Compass• Needle always points North

electromagnet vs. bar magnet? An electromagnets uses electricity and

can be turned on and off. To increase the strength of an electromagnet, you can wrap more wire around the iron core

A bar magnet has a North and South pole and can not be turned on or off.

Circuits• Flipping a switch on closes a

circuit. • Flipping a switch off opens a

circuit.

CircuitsCircuit A is a series circuit.

Circuit B is a parallel circuit.

three parts of every working circuit • Power source (battery)• Conductor (wire)• Something that uses the electricity

(light bulb)

three parts of an electromagnet • Power source (battery)• Conductor (wire)• An iron core wrapped with a

conductor (bolt wrapped wire)

Magnets

N

S

S

S

S

N

N

N

Magnets that attract

Magnets that repel.

Conductors• Metal Spoon• Water• Metals

Insulators• plastic • sweater• balloon