Physical Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

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Physical Properties

(leave room for notes here)

Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds

Melting and Boiling PointSolubility

Conductivity

Physical Properties

• Physical properties of substances are affected by the attractive forces between particles

– Greater attraction between the molecules→ more energy is required to overcome the attractive forces between molecules

• Intermolecular forces in covalent compounds are weaker than interionic forces

Melting and Boiling Point

Ionic Covalent

• High melting and boiling point• Ionic compounds

are solids at room temperature

• Lower Melting Points than ionic compounds

• Intermolecular Forces aren’t as strong as interionic forces

• Covalent compounds are liquids or gases at room temperature (H2O, CO2)

Solubility

Ionic Covalent• Many are soluble in

water• Ions separate when

dissolved in water• NaCl will dissolve in

water and become freely moving Na+ and Cl- ions

• Will dissolve in liquids with similar molecular polarity

• “Like dissolves like”• Polar dissolves in polar• Non-polar dissolves in non-

polar• Polar and non-polar will not

mix• Oil and water do not mix

because water is polar and oil is non-polar

Conductivity

Ionic Covalent• Ionic compounds dissolved in

liquids are good conductors because the ions are separated. The ions need to be able to move freely in order to conduct electricity

• Solid ionic compounds are poor conductors because the ions are not separated and will not move

• Cannot conduct electricity as solid, liquid, or when dissolved

• Molecules will not separate into ions (electric current need charge carriers)