PHYSICAL PROPERTIESCan be observed using the 5 senses. Many can be measured.

Examples of Physical Properties• Malleability- ability to be shaped by hammering or pressing• Solubility- ability to dissolve• Conductivity- ability to conduct thermal or electrical energy• Melting and Boiling Points- water- 0◦C/32◦F and

100◦C/212◦F• Volume- amount of space an object takes up- beaker- cm

cubed/mL• Mass- amount of matter in an object- scale- grams• Density- an objects ability to float- Mass per unit Volume

(g/mL)• Object floats- object is less dense than the liquid• Object sinks- object is more dense than the liquid

PHYSICAL CHANGEChange in shape, size, or state.The type of matter doesn’t change.

Examples of Physical Change• Change in shape or size (crushing up rocks)• Change in state (wax melting or hardening)• Solutions- dissolving a solid in a liquid• Mixtures- where a new substance is not formed

• Solids mixed with solids (adding salt to ice-lowers the melting point)

• Liquids mixed with solids (sand and water)• Liquids mixed with liquids (oil and water)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIESCan only be seen when matter is changed into a new kind of matter.

Examples of Chemical Properties• Ability of a match to light when struck• Wood burning to ash• Anything being cooked• Nail becoming rusted (iron changes to rust)• Milk spoils and curdles; food rotting• Car burning fuel• Body digesting food; digestion begins in the mouth with

saliva• Wick burning on a candle; smoke released during burning;

ash

Clues that a Chemical Change is occurring

• Heat is released• Odor is released• Smoke is released• A new substance is made

Mixtures and Solutions are Physical changes and can be separated

Mixture

• All parts of the mixture keep their physical properties

• Parts are not evenly combined (ex. You may get more pretzels than your neighbor in a snack mix)

Solution

• A mixture where all parts are equally combined

• A solid is dissolved into a liquid

• Solid dissolved faster if• The liquid is warm• The solid is broken into small

pieces• The solution is stirred or

shaken (rapid movement)

Ways to separate a mixture or solution

• Sifting- colander- separate rice and flour• Magnetism- magnet- separate paperclips and sand• Filtration- filter- separate sand from water• Evaporation- separate a dissolved solid from liquid

• Liquid will evaporate more quickly if the heat is higher or if more of the surface area of the liquid is exposed

Which 2 methods of separation would you use to separate a mixture of sand, salt, and water?• Sifting• Magnetism• Filtration• Evaporation

ELEMENTSMade up of only one kind of matter

Periodic Table of Elements

What do all those numbers mean?• The atomic number tells how many protons the element

has. Hydrogen has 1.

Compound• Water or H₂O

• Hydrogen Peroxide or H₂O₂

Substance made up of 2 or more elements.