Physical Geography. Physical Geography What is Physical Geography? relationships among patterns &...
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Transcript of Physical Geography. Physical Geography What is Physical Geography? relationships among patterns &...
Physical GeographyPhysical Geography
What is Physical GeographyPhysical Geography?• Examines the relationships among relationships among
patterns & processes patterns & processes within the in the environmentenvironment
• Study of earth’s physical processes:• Geology – rocks and earth formations • Environmental science – human
interaction with the environment• Topography – earth’s features• Cartography – map making
How are Physical Factors spatially defined?
Location: The location of a place or thing on the earth’s surface
Absolute Location: Absolute Location: The exact spot The exact spot of a place on the earth’s surface
-Use Latitude and Longitude to define it
Ex.) Toyko, Japan is at 36° N Latitude and 140° E Longitude
Relative Location: The location of a place in relation to another place or thing
Ex.) Sonic is across the street from Kroger
Globe: Scale model of the earth
Zero Degrees Latitude is the Equator
Numbers get higher the further North or South you move away from the Equator
90 Degree North (North Pole)
90 Degrees South (South Pole)
AKA: AKA: ParallelsParallels
Latitude lines measure North or South of the Equator
KNOW THESE LINES KNOW THESE LINES & their latitude & their latitude
measurements!! measurements!!
EquatorEquator
2 Tropics2 Tropics
2 Circles2 Circles
2 Poles2 Poles
AKA: Meridians
Zero Degrees longitude is the Prime Meridian
180 degrees East or West is the International Date Line
By international agreement - 0 degrees longitude 0 degrees longitude runs through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England
Numbers get higher the farther you move either East of West
Longitude lines measure East or West of the Prime Meridian
Where lines of latitude & longitude cross they form a pattern known as:
(a global address)
Each degree of the earth is equal to 1/360 of the earth Each degree of the earth is equal to 1/360 of the earth
Each degree is divided into 60 minutes (‘)Each degree is divided into 60 minutes (‘)
Each minute = 60 seconds (“)Each minute = 60 seconds (“)
Hemispheres-Hemispheres-
If you cut the Earth through the Equator, you get two
halves: Northern & Southern Hemisphere
If you cut the Earth through the Prime Meridian, you get
two halves: Western & Eastern Hemisphere
The US is in the Western Hemisphere & the Northern Hemisphere
Basic Geography
0• 0 latitude =
Equator– (Distance from it
has large effect on climate)
• 0 longitude = Prime Meridian– (Distance from it
has no effect on climate)
Rotation-
• The spinning of spinning of the earth on its the earth on its axisaxis
• Takes 24 hours
• Creates night & day
Revolution-• The orbit of the the earth around the sunearth around the sun
• Takes 365 ¼ days
• Creates 4 seasons
Polar Night-• When the polar region is tilted away from the sun –
the polar area receives 24 hours of darkness • When it is pointed toward the sun the area receives
24 hours of daylight
EquinoxEquinox-• Direct rays of the sun
are located on the EQUATOR
• Days & nights are equal in length
• Spring (Vernal) & Fall (Autumnal)
• When it is Spring in the northern hemisphere it is Fall in the southern hemisphere (the opposite is also true)
Solstice-• Direct rays of the sun are
located on the TROPIC TROPIC OF CANCER or OF CANCER or CAPRICORNCAPRICORN
• Days & nights are not equal in length – summer days are longer – winters nights are longer
• Summer & Winter
• When it is Winter in the northern hemisphere it is Summer in the southern hemisphere (the opposite is also true)
Red – LOW LATITUDESLOW LATITUDES
*0 – 23.5*0 – 23.5 N & S N & S
TropicsTropics
Hot & HumidHot & Humid
Green – MID LATITUDESMID LATITUDES
*23.5- 66.5*23.5- 66.5 N & S N & S
Temperate & Mild Temperate & Mild
THE MAJORITY OF MAJORITY OF THE WORLD’S THE WORLD’S PEOPLE LIVEPEOPLE LIVE IN THE TEMPERATE ZONE
Blue – HIGH LATITUDESHIGH LATITUDES
*66.5- 90*66.5- 90 N & S N & S
PolarPolar
Cold & DryCold & Dry